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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2023Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes superficial and deep infections, which can be minor to life-threatening. Recently, P. aeruginosa has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes superficial and deep infections, which can be minor to life-threatening. Recently, P. aeruginosa has gained significant relevance due to the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that complicate antibiotic treatment. Due to MDR strains, alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), are presented as a good option to treat nonsystemic infections. PDT combines a photosensitizer agent (PS), light, and oxygen to generate free radicals that destroy bacterial structures such as the envelope, matrix, and genetic material. This work aimed to identify the development stage of the PDT applied to P. aeruginosa to conclude which research stage should be emphasized more.
METHODS
Systematic bibliographic search in various public databases was performed. Related articles were identified using keywords, and relevant ones were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA protocol.
RESULTS
We found 29 articles that meet the criteria, constituting a good body of evidence associated with using PDT against P. aeruginosa in vitro and less developed for in vivo research.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that PDT could become an effective adjunct to antimicrobial therapy against P. aeruginosa. This effectiveness depends on the PS used and the location of the infection. Many PS already demonstrated efficacy in PDT, but the evidence is supported significantly by in vitro and very few in vivo studies. Therefore, we conclude that further research efforts should focus on demonstrating the safety and efficacy of these PSs in vivo in animal infection models.
Topics: Animals; Pseudomonas Infections; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 37709240
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103803 -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... Aug 2023This systematic review aimed to assess the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on peri-implant clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy for Treating Peri-Implant Mucositis Among Cigarette Smokers and Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review aimed to assess the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on peri-implant clinical and radiographic outcomes among cigarette smokers and diabetics with peri-implant mucositis (piM). Randomized controlled trials, assessing the clinical and radiographic parameters of aPDT versus MD alone among smokers and diabetics with piM, were included in the study. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the standard mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the modified Jadad quality scale. The meta-analyses found statistically significant differences between the impact of adjunct aPDT and MD alone on the peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing among smokers and diabetics with piM at the final follow-up visit. However, no significant differences were found between the impact of adjunct aPDT and MD alone on the peri-implant crestal bone loss among smokers and diabetics with piM at the final follow-up. The application of aPDT as an adjunctive to MD demonstrated improved scores of the peri-implant clinical parameters among smokers and diabetics with piM in comparison with MD alone.
Topics: Humans; Smokers; Combined Modality Therapy; Mucositis; Debridement; Photochemotherapy; Peri-Implantitis; Anti-Infective Agents; Tobacco Products; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37506360
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0046 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Apr 2024The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is pivotal in the management of diverse dermatologic conditions. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive tool that is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is pivotal in the management of diverse dermatologic conditions. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive tool that is capable of inducing transient pores on the skin to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. Several studies have reported augmentation of PDT combined with MN. This systematic review analyzes the current studies on the efficacy and safety of MN-assisted PDT for skin diseases.
METHODS
The literature search using the PRISMA standard was completed through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL from the establishment of the databases to November 2023. Two independent researchers finished the procedure.
RESULTS
A total of 12 articles and 413 subjects met our study criteria. This systematic review suggests that MN-assisted PDT can decrease the incubation time required for the photosensitizer and reduce skin lesions of actinic keratosis (AK) . The common side effect is pain and no serious adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
MN is an effective method to increase the transdermal delivery rate of photosensitizers. For different photosensitizers and disease, MN may show different clinical effects.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Needles; Administration, Cutaneous; Keratosis, Actinic; Skin Diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Percutaneous Collagen Induction
PubMed: 38367923
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104016 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... May 2024Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is used for treating keratoconus and post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia. However, refractive surgery is not usually performed with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is used for treating keratoconus and post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia. However, refractive surgery is not usually performed with prophylactic CXL. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis comparing outcomes of refractive surgeries with vs without prophylactic CXL. We systematically searched databases for studies comparing refractive surgeries for myopic correction with vs without prophylactic corneal crosslinking. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to perform statistical analysis. We included 2820 eyes from 28 studies. Compared with refractive surgery alone, surgery with prophylactic CXL resulted in decreased central corneal thickness, corrected distance visual acuity logMAR, and safety and efficacy indices. There were no significant differences in postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better at ≥12 months and other visual outcomes among both groups. More randomized controlled trials with standard crosslinking protocols are needed to analyze the prophylactic use of crosslinking with refractive surgeries.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Linking Reagents; Photosensitizing Agents; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Riboflavin; Collagen; Visual Acuity; Myopia; Photorefractive Keratectomy; Photochemotherapy; Lasers, Excimer; Corneal Stroma; Ultraviolet Rays; Keratoconus; Corneal Surgery, Laser; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 38288954
DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001405 -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... Mar 2024Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition in implant tissues, requires bacterial eradication and implant surface decontamination, with aPDT as a helpful surgical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition in implant tissues, requires bacterial eradication and implant surface decontamination, with aPDT as a helpful surgical adjunct. This project was designed to investigate the effect of antibiotic therapy versus aPDT, as adjuncts to conventional mechanical debridement (MD), on the peri-implant clinical and/or radiographic parameters among patients with peri-implant diseases. A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to and including April 2023, without any restriction on the language and year of publication, focusing the following research question: "Does adjunctive aPDT improve the peri-implant clinical and/or radiographic parameters in treating peri-implant diseases compared to antibiotic therapy?" Statistical analysis was performed on peri-implant clinical [plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and radiographic parameters [marginal bone loss (MBL)]. The study included six randomized controlled trials and one clinical (nonrandomized) study. The systematic review findings indicate that the application of aPDT as an adjunct to MD is equally effective as adjunctive antibiotic therapy in improving peri-implant clinical parameters and radiographic parameters in patients with peri-implant diseases. Only two studies were classified as having a low risk of bias (RoB), two were assessed as having an unclear RoB, and the remaining three studies were determined to have a high RoB. However, the meta-analysis results revealed no statistically significant difference in peri-implant PI, PD, and MBL scores between patients treated with adjunct aPDT or adjunct antibiotic therapy. Notably, there was a statistically significant difference favoring adjunct aPDT in peri-implant BOP values compared to the control group. Despite the limited number of included studies and the significant heterogeneity among them, the findings suggest that aPDT yields comparable peri-implant clinical and radiographic outcomes to adjunctive antibiotic therapy, as adjuncts to MD, for the potential treatment of peri-implant diseases.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38512322
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0157 -
Lasers in Medical Science Jan 2024The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in managing avulsed teeth. This systematic review was... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in managing avulsed teeth. This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (i.e., "PRISMA") statement 2020 and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (i.e., PROSPERO) with number CRD42022362198. The participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (i.e., PICOS) for the present study considered the following question: "Does the use of laser PBM in the treatment of teeth with avulsion influence tissue repair performance?" A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases until January 2023. The SYRCLE's RoB tool (Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) for animal studies were used for quality assessment. A total of 7 in vivo studies published between 2011 and 2018 were included in this systematic review for qualitative analysis. All studies used Wistar rats, totaling 368 specimens that simulated tooth avulsion trauma. The effect of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of avulsed teeth was positive in 5 studies (significant increase in tissue repair) and negative in 2 studies, in which both studies with negative results kept teeth in saline solution before reimplantation and showed the longest time and power of laser application. PBM appears to be effective for tissue repair in the treatment of avulsed teeth, depending on the means of conservation of the avulsed tooth and the laser application protocol.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Low-Level Light Therapy; Photochemotherapy; Rats, Wistar; Tooth; Tooth Avulsion
PubMed: 38280099
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03998-0 -
Does aPDT reduce bacterial load in endodontic infected teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lasers in Medical Science Nov 2023This systematic review investigated whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) after chemomechanical root canal disinfection (CD) yields a greater microbial load... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review investigated whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) after chemomechanical root canal disinfection (CD) yields a greater microbial load reduction than only CD. An electronic literature search was conducted on four databases up to November 2022, with no language or publication date restrictions. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included if participants had a primary endodontic infection in permanent teeth, and if microbial loads before and after using aPDT were compared. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts to determine study eligibility. Assessments included risk of bias and methodological quality. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181783). Eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and six were eligible for meta-analysis. In the random effects model, aPDT significantly improved the results of root canal disinfection when compared with standard protocols for cleaning and shaping (p = 0.04, 95% CI -1.72, -0.05). Subgroup analysis suggested that aPDT has a better effect on reducing the load of anaerobic microorganisms (p = 0.003, 95% CI -3.36, -0.69). The use of aPDT as an adjunct to chemomechanical disinfection promotes additional reduction of the microbial load and, therefore, seems to improve the results of root canal treatments in permanent teeth with a primary endodontic infection. However, certainty of evidence should be improved.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Load; Anti-Infective Agents; Disinfection; Photochemotherapy; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 37981598
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03938-4 -
Oral Diseases May 2024This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the research and potential applications of carbon dots (CDs) for oral health purposes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the research and potential applications of carbon dots (CDs) for oral health purposes.
DESIGN
Systematic literature searches were performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases (up to February 2023). Two co-authors selected the published works independently and extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies with the application of CDs for oral health purposes were included.
RESULTS
Among 152 articles, 19 articles were finally selected. Eight studies investigated the anti-microbial effects of CDs against, for example, oral pathogens, eight studies explored the applicability of CDs in relation to oral cancer, and three studies investigated CDs in relation to cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in oral health. The studies showed the promising potential of CDs in oral health, particularly for inducing bacterial killing by increasing reactive oxygen species, killing oral cancer cells via photodynamic therapeutic effects, and inducing dental pulp and periodontal bone regeneration.
CONCLUSION
The findings show that CDs have the potential to be utilized in the future for various oral health purposes. Besides, these results underline the broad-spectrum applicability of CDs, crossing the borders of oral health.
Topics: Humans; Carbon; Oral Health; Mouth Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Dental Pulp; Photochemotherapy; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 37530494
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14702 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024This study investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis patients and then evaluated the microbial, immunological, periodontal, and clinical... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis patients and then evaluated the microbial, immunological, periodontal, and clinical outcomes. The significant effects of photodynamic therapy obtained by and studies have made it a popular treatment for periodontal diseases in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is a novel bactericidal strategy that is stronger, faster, and less expensive than scaling and root planing.
METHOD
This study registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267008) and retrieved fifty-three randomized controlled trials by searching nine databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Open Gray, Google Scholar, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2008 to 2023. Of 721 records identified through database searches following title and full-text analysis, and excluding duplicate and irrelevant publications, 53 articles were included in this systematic review. Fifty of the 53 eligible studies fulfilled all the criteria in the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) Checklist for RCTs; the remaining articles met 9-12 criteria and were considered high quality.
RESULTS
The present study showed that photodynamic therapy in adjunct to scaling and root planing has the potential to improve periodontal parameters such as clinical attachment loss or gain, decrease in bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth. In addition, photodynamic therapy decreases the rate of periodontal pathogens and inflammation markers, which, in turn, reduces the progression of periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
Photodynamic therapy is considered a promising, adjunctive, and low-cost therapeutic method that is effective in tissue repair, reducing chronic periodontitis, reducing inflammation, and well-tolerated by patients.
PubMed: 38817441
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384344 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2023Optimal endodontic disinfection by means of conventional root canal treatment of primary teeth remains a challenge. Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Optimal endodontic disinfection by means of conventional root canal treatment of primary teeth remains a challenge. Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjunct to conventional endodontic treatment for microbial disinfection. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise and synthesize the currently-available evidence about the antimicrobial efficacy of aPDT (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) when used as an adjunct to traditional root canal therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The focused question was ''In primary teeth needing root canal treatment (participants), is adjunct aPDT (intervention) more effective in disinfecting coronal and radicular dentine (outcomes) than root canal treatment alone (control)?'. The electronic research databases PubMED/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Embase and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) using relevant keyword phrases including 'antimicrobial photodynamic therapy', 'primary teeth', 'deciduous teeth', and 'endodontic treatment'. Original studies that described endodontic treatment of primary teeth or dentine using aPDT in comparison to conventional endodontic treatment were included. Case reports, reviews and other non-comparative studies were excluded. The literature search and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently.
RESULTS
Ultimately, 9 studies were included in this review. Overall, majority of the studies concluded that adjunct aPDT improves the antimicrobial efficacy of conventional root canal therapy. However, several sources of bias were found in the studies.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of the studies, it is concluded that aPDT is a suitable adjunct to improve the disinfection of conventional root canal treatment. However, future studies should focus on the clinical outcomes, in relation to the reduction of microbial counts to ascertain the efficacy of aPDT in disinfection of primary dentine.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Disinfection; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Tooth, Deciduous; Dentin; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 37473792
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103697