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Journal of Patient-reported Outcomes Oct 2023The aim of this study was to create a model of patient-centered outcomes with respect to self-management tasks and skills of patients with a tracheostomy in their home... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to create a model of patient-centered outcomes with respect to self-management tasks and skills of patients with a tracheostomy in their home setting.
METHODS
A scoping review using four search engines was undertaken (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) to identify studies relevant to this issue and published since 2000. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statements for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach of conducting and reporting a scoping review, and the Participants, Concept, Context (PCC) scheme were employed. The following elements of the framework synthesis study data were screened, and presented based on the self-management model of Lorig and Holman.
RESULTS
34 publications from 17 countries met the criteria for study inclusion: 24 quantitative, 8 qualitative and 2 mixed methods designs. Regarding the dimensions of self-management, 28 articles reported on "managing the therapeutic regimen", 27 articles discussed "managing role and behavior changes", and 16 articles explored "managing emotions". A model of self-management of patients with tracheostomy was developed, which placed the patient in the center, since it is this individual who is completing the tasks and carrying out his or her skill sets.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review represents the first comprehensive overview and modeling of the complex self-management tasks and skills required of patients with tracheostomy in their home setting. The theoretical model can serve as a cornerstone for empirical intervention studies to better support this patient-centered outcome for this population in the future.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Tracheostomy; Self-Management; Patients; Empirical Research
PubMed: 37823948
DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00643-2 -
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and... May 2024Virtual modes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring have become increasingly relevant in the last decade with the advancements and increasing accessibility of... (Review)
Review
Virtual modes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring have become increasingly relevant in the last decade with the advancements and increasing accessibility of technology. We conducted a systematic review comparing people with TB's perceptions of standard directly observed therapy (DOT) versus video directly observed therapy (vDOT). Studies were obtained from MEDLINE and EMBASE between January 1, 1974 and February 4, 2021. Of the 22 articles reviewed, a qualitative thematic analysis was performed, drawing on common themes from people with TB's perception of their care. 21 studies showed relative preference for and acceptance of vDOT over DOT. Factors that increased acceptability toward vDOT included cost and time saving, personal sense of empowerment, convenience, and privacy. Studies also showed greater adherence to treatment and subsequent improved health outcomes. vDOT has the potential to be an empowering, person-centered treatment modality for TB therapy. The role of social determinants such as place of residence, access to technology, and patient-provider communication requires further exploration.
PubMed: 38380432
DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100406 -
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine 2023Different countries throughout the world have adopted non-pharmacologic interventions to reduce and control SARS - CoV-2. In this systematic approach, the impact of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Different countries throughout the world have adopted non-pharmacologic interventions to reduce and control SARS - CoV-2. In this systematic approach, the impact of non-pharmacologic interventions in management of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed.
METHODS
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic search was carried out on the basis of a search strategy on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and WHO databases on COVID-19. The impact of travel ban, personal protective equipment, distancing, contact tracing, school closure, and social distancing and the combined effect of interventions on COVID-19 were assessed.
RESULTS
Of the 14,857 articles found, 44 were relevant. Studies in different countries have shown that various non-pharmacological interventions have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The travel ban, either locally or internationally in most of the countries, movement restriction, social distancing, lockdown, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), quarantine, school closure, work place closure, and contact tracing had a significant impact on the reduction of mortality or morbidity of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
Evidence shows that the implementation of non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs), for this study suggests that the effectiveness of any NPI alone is probably limited, thus, a combination of various actions, for example, social distancing, isolation, and quarantine, distancing in the workplace and use of personal protective equipment, is more effective in reducing COVID-19.
PubMed: 37671267
DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v11i1.1828 -
Cureus Dec 2023This study aims to investigate and address the issue of emergency department (ED) overcrowding, a significant problem worldwide. The study seeks to understand the... (Review)
Review
This study aims to investigate and address the issue of emergency department (ED) overcrowding, a significant problem worldwide. The study seeks to understand the impacts of ED overcrowding on emergency medical healthcare services and patient outcomes. This systematic review follows the PRISMA flow diagram and the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook. We systematically reviewed the causes and solutions of emergency department overcrowding. We went through Google Scholar, the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the British Medical Journal, Science Direct, Ovid, Cochrane, the Saudi Journal of Emergency Medicine, Medline, and PubMed as databases. Our criteria were articles done in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2022. One hundred and ninety-six (196) research papers were extracted; only 28 articles met our paper inclusion-exclusion criteria. The result of these papers regarding causes, consequences, and solutions was that non-urgent and returned visits lacked knowledge of PHC, triad, and telemedicine services. Prolonged LOS is due to slow bed turnover, laboratory and consultation time, and physical response to the final decision resulting in burnout staff, wrong diagnoses, and management plans. The crowding issues can be resolved by awareness, PHC access, triad systems, and technological and telemedicine services. High demand for emergency treatment should not be a hindrance to quality treatment. Physical, technological, and strategic measures should be put in place to fight the crowding problem in EDs in Saudi Arabia, as it may cause adverse effects such as transmission of diseases and death of patients.
PubMed: 38229791
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50669 -
HERD Jul 2023To present a systematic literature review on predesign evaluation (PDE), postoccupancy evaluation (POE), and evidence-based design (EBD); to delimit the concepts and...
To present a systematic literature review on predesign evaluation (PDE), postoccupancy evaluation (POE), and evidence-based design (EBD); to delimit the concepts and relationships of these terms and place them in the building life cycle framework to guide their application and indicate a common understanding and possible gaps. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocol was used. Inclusion criteria cover texts that present a concept, method, procedure, or tool and use the example in healthcare services or other environments. The reports were excluded if there was no evidence of a relationship between the terms, if cited rhetorically, duplicated, or if an instrument was not related to at least one other term. The identification used Scopus and Web of Science and considered reports until December 2021 (search period). When extracting the evidence, formal quality criteria were observed and sentences and other elements were collected as evidence and tabulated to segment topics of interest. The searches identified 799 reports with 494 duplicates. In the selection, 53 records were selected from 305 obtained in 14 searches. The classification extracted concepts, relationships, and frameworks. Results indicate a consistent understanding of POE and EBD and a diffuse understanding of PDE. A summary of the three concepts including two frameworks is proposed. Situations are contextualized where these frameworks are used in specific areas of research. One of these frameworks provides a basis for classifying building assessment methods, procedures, and tools but does not detail the classification criteria. Thus, more detailed adjustments should be considered in specific studies.
Topics: Humans; Health Facilities; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37157787
DOI: 10.1177/19375867231166094 -
The American Journal of Drug and... Mar 2024The use of cannabis is highly prevalent during adolescence compared to the general adult population. In addition to the high comorbidity between cannabis use and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The use of cannabis is highly prevalent during adolescence compared to the general adult population. In addition to the high comorbidity between cannabis use and anxiety disorders, early evidence suggests that cannabis may precede the development of anxiety. Moreover, adolescence represents a major developmental period for both neurobiological and psychological processes, placing these individuals at a heightened vulnerability to the influence of cannabis. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prospective associations between adolescent cannabis use and subsequent anxiety outcomes (i.e. anxiety disorders and/or symptoms). Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted encompassing data from articles published between database inception and September 2022. Six longitudinal studies were identified for quantitative analysis, while twelve non-overlapping longitudinal studies were identified for qualitative review (total = 18; 33380 subjects). Meta-analytical findings supported an association between adolescent cannabis use and the development of a subsequent anxiety disorder (Odds Ratio = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.37-3.36, < .01). These findings were consistent with our qualitative synthesis where nine of the twelve longitudinal studies observed a significant relationship between adolescent cannabis use and exacerbation of anxiety symptoms later in life, irrespective of an anxiety disorder diagnosis. In summary, the current evidence suggests a prospective association between adolescent cannabis use and later anxiety symptoms and disorders. These findings underscore the importance of refining research methodologies, considering sex-based differences and controlling for confounding factors, as well as implementing educational initiatives and developing clinical interventions to address the mental health risks associated with cannabis use among adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Marijuana Use; Anxiety; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 38285048
DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2299922 -
PloS One 2023Mountain biking and hiking continue to grow in popularity. With new participants to these sports, it is likely the number of injuries will increase. To assist medical...
BACKGROUND
Mountain biking and hiking continue to grow in popularity. With new participants to these sports, it is likely the number of injuries will increase. To assist medical personnel in the management of these patients we attempted to quantify the types and locations of injuries sustained by mountain bikers and hikers. Objective The objective of this systematic review is to identify the type and anatomical location of injuries for both mountain bikers and hikers.
METHODS
A systematic search was undertaken using CINAHL, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus databases. Reviewers assessed the eligibility of articles by a title/abstract review and final full-text review. Studies were included if the types of injuries were reported by medical personnel and contained anatomical locations. Studies were excluded if it did not take place on a trail or if the injuries were self-reported. Risk of bias was assessed utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists for study quality. No meta-analysis or comparison between mountain bikers and hikers was possible due to the high heterogeneity of the definition of injury.
RESULTS
A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 covering mountain biking and 7 hiking. This represented 220,935 injured mountain bikers and 17,757 injured hikers. The most common type of injuries sustained by mountain bikers included contusions, abrasions and minor lacerations, which made up between 45-74% of reported injuries in studies on competitive racing and 8-67% in non-competitive studies. Fractures represented between 1.5-43% of all reported injuries. The most injured region was the upper limbs reported in 10 of 17 studies. For hikers the most common injuries included blisters and ankle sprains with blisters representing 8-33% of all reported injuries. The most common body location to be injured by hikers was a lower limb in all 7 studies.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review to report on the injury epidemiology of the two most common trail users; mountain bikers and hikers. For participants in both activities the majority of injuries were of minor severity. Despite this, the high proportions of upper limb fractures in mountain bikers and ankle sprains in hikers cannot be ignored.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration: This systematic review was prospectively registered with the University of York PROSPERO database on the 12/4/2021 (CRD42021229623) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021229623.
Topics: Humans; Blister; Contusions; Fractures, Bone; Lacerations; Ankle Injuries
PubMed: 37647303
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285614 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Oct 2023To investigate the survival rate in implants placement in irradiated and non-irradiated bone in patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. We focused on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To investigate the survival rate in implants placement in irradiated and non-irradiated bone in patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. We focused on the consequences of the main complications, such as osteoradionecrosis and peri-implantitis.
METHODS
An electronic search conducted by PRISMA protocol was performed. Full texts were carefully assessed, and data were assimilated into a tabular form for discussion and consensus among the expert panel. The quality assessment and the risk of bias are verified by Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBI) and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool.
RESULTS
A total of 452 records were identified in the based on our PICOs strategy and after screening, 19 articles were included in the descriptive analysis of the review. Totaling 473 implants placed in irradiated and non-irradiated bone, and 31.6% of the patients were over 60 years of age. 57.9%) performed implant placement in a period of 12 months or more after the ending of radiotherapy. Only 5 studies had a follow-up period longer than 5 years after implant placement, of which three were used for the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis of 5-year survival rate, analysis of implants in irradiated bone was assessed; a random effect model was used and a weighted proportion (PP) of 93.13% (95% CI: 87.20-99.06; p < 0.001), and in the 5-year survival rate, analysis of implants in non-irradiated bone was analysed; a fixed effect model was used and a weighted proportion (PP) of 98.52% survival (95% CI: 97.56-99.48, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Survival rates of implants placed in irradiated bone are clinically satisfactory after a follow-up of 5 years, with a fewer percentage than in implants placed in non-irradiated bone after metanalyses performed.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37851170
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08088-5 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Nov 2023In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration placed a black-box warning (the most stringent warning for drugs) on all nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...
BACKGROUND
In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration placed a black-box warning (the most stringent warning for drugs) on all nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) stating that these agents may cause heart attacks and/or strokes. No level I evidence demonstrates that nonselective NSAIDs increase cardiovascular risk. An alternative hypothesis is that hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) indirectly causes cardiovascular disease (CVD) through decreased activity and NSAIDs are correlated with CVD as an arthritis treatment.
METHODS
Systematic reviews were conducted to find observational studies evaluating the association of hip and/or knee OA, CVD, activity, walking, and step counts. The systematic review found studies correlating hip and/or knee OA and CVD morbidity incidence (n = 2); CVD morbidity prevalence (n = 6); odds ratios, relative risks, or hazard ratios of CVD morbidity (n = 11); relative risk, standardized mortality ratios, or hazard ratios of CVD mortality (n = 14); and all-cause mortality hazard ratios associated with NSAID use (n = 3).
RESULTS
Hip OA (5 studies), knee OA (9 studies), and hip and knee OA (6 studies) are linked to an increased risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. Cardiac risk increases with validated disability scores, use of walking aids, walking difficulties, longer follow-up times, younger ages of OA onset, numbers of joints involved, and OA severities. No study linked NSAID use to cardiac disease.
CONCLUSIONS
All studies with more than 10-year follow-up linked cardiac disease with hip and knee OA. No study linked nonselective NSAID use to CVD. The Food and Drug Administration should reconsider the black-box warnings on naproxen, ibuprofen, and celecoxib.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Heart Diseases; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37236289
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.026 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Dec 2023To answer the PICO(S) question: Is there a difference in clinical longevity between direct and indirect resin composite restorations placed on permanent posterior teeth? (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To answer the PICO(S) question: Is there a difference in clinical longevity between direct and indirect resin composite restorations placed on permanent posterior teeth?
DATA
Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) investigating direct and indirect resin composite restorations in posterior permanent teeth were considered.
SOURCES
Several electronic databases were searched, with no language or date restrictions. The revised Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB-2) was used to analyze the studies; meta-analyses were run and the certainty of evidence was assessed by the GRADE tool. A subgroup meta-analysis was performed for resin composite restorations placed on posterior worn dentition.
STUDY SELECTION
Twenty-three articles were included in qualitative synthesis, while 8 studies were used for meta-analyses. According to the RoB-2 tool, 5 studies were ranked as "low risk", 7 had "some concerns", while 11 papers were rated as "high risk" of bias. There were no statistically significant differences in short-term (p = 0.27; RR=1.54, 95% CI [0.72, 3.33]), medium-term (p = 0.27; RR=1.87, 95% CI [0.61, 5.72]) and long-term longevity (p = 0.86; RR=0.95, 95% CI [0.57, 1.59]). The choice of restorative technique had no influence on short-term survival of resin composite restorations placed on worn dentition (p = 0.13; RR=0.46, 95% CI [0.17, 1.25]). The certainty of evidence was rated as "very low".
CONCLUSIONS
Direct and indirect resin composite restorations may show similar clinical longevity in posterior region, regardless of the observation period or substrate (wear-affected and non-affected dentition). The very low quality of evidence suggests that more long-term RCTs are needed to confirm our results.
Topics: Dental Restoration, Permanent; Composite Resins; Molar
PubMed: 37827872
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.009