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Journal of Nephrology Dec 2023Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccines produced against this virus have proven highly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccines produced against this virus have proven highly effective. However, adverse events following vaccination have also been reported. One of them is nephrotic syndrome, that can be associated with different pathologic pictures. This review aims to provide a wider understanding of incidence, etiopathogenesis, and management of nephrotic syndrome following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A literature search was undertaken using appropriate keywords in various databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Europe PMC, and Science Direct. Twenty-one articles were included following qualitative assessment. Data of 74 patients from these articles were included.
DISCUSSION
The pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome following COVID vaccination has been widely attributed to the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors, leading to podocyte effacement. Relapses have also been reported in patients with prior history of nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination. A renal biopsy is necessary to identify the histopathological picture. Management of COVID-19 vaccine-induced nephrotic syndrome was mainly reported as successfully attainable with corticosteroids and supportive management.
CONCLUSION
Further investigations will help in establishing an early diagnosis and salvaging kidney function.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Nephrotic Syndrome; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination
PubMed: 37505405
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01710-z -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023is a core Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). It has been used for the treatment of diabetes for over 1,000 years.... (Review)
Review
is a core Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). It has been used for the treatment of diabetes for over 1,000 years. Catalpol is the main active compound in Rehmannia roots. Current evidence suggests that catalpol exhibits significant anti-diabetic bioactivity, and thus it has attracted increasing research attention for its potential use in treating DN. However, no studies have systematically evaluated these effects, and its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of catalpol on DN, as well as to summarize its possible mechanisms of action, in DN animal models. We included all DN-related animal studies with catalpol intervention. These studies were retrieved by searching eight databases from their dates of inception to July 2022. In addition, we evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool. Furthermore, we calculated the weighted standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Review Manager 5.3 software and evaluated publication bias using the Stata (12.0) software. A total of 100 studies were retrieved, of which 12 that included 231 animals were finally included in this review. As compared to the control treatment, treatment with catalpol significantly improved renal function in DN animal models by restoring serum creatinine (Scr) ( = 0.0009) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ( < 0.00001) levels, reducing proteinuria ( < 0.00001) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) ( < 0.0001), improving kidney indices ( < 0.0001), and alleviating renal pathological changes in the animal models. In addition, it may elicit its effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, improving podocyte apoptosis, regulating lipid metabolism, delaying renal fibrosis, and enhancing autophagy. The preliminary findings of this preclinical systematic review suggest that catalpol elicits significant protective effects against hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury. However, more high-quality studies need to be carried out in the future to overcome the methodological shortcomings identified in this review.
PubMed: 37621314
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1192694