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Scientific Reports Sep 2023Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful orthopaedic surgical procedure, and its longevity depends on bearing components and implant fixation. Optimizing...
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful orthopaedic surgical procedure, and its longevity depends on bearing components and implant fixation. Optimizing polyethylene and ceramics has led to improved wear parameters and contributed to improved long-term outcomes. The present systematic review investigated whether time span from implantation, patient characteristics and performance status exert an influence on liner wear and head migration in THA. This study was conducted in conformity to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. All the clinical investigations which reported quantitative data on the amount of liner wear and head migration in THA were considered. Only studies which reported quantitative data at least on one of the following patient characteristics were suitable: mean age, mean BMI (kg/m), sex, side, time span between the index THA and the last follow-up (months) were eligible. A multiple linear model regression analysis was employed to verify the association between patient characteristics and the amount of liner wear and/or head migration. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to assess the association between variables. Data from 12,629 patients were considered. The mean length of the follow-up was 90.5 ± 50.9 months. The mean age of patients at surgery was 58.4 ± 9.4 years, and the mean BMI was 27.2 ± 2.5 kg/m. 57% (7199 of 12,629 patients) were women, and in 44% (5557 of 12,629 patients) THAs were performed on the left. The mean pre-operative Harris hip score was 46.5 ± 6.0 points. There was evidence of a moderate positive association between the amount of liner wear and the time elapsed between the index surgery to the follow-up (P = 0.02). There was evidence of a moderate positive association between the amount of head migration and the time elapsed between the index surgery to the follow-up (P = 0.01). No further statistically significant association was found. The time elapsed between the index surgery to the follow-up was the most important factor which influence the head migration and liner wear in THA. Patients' characteristics and preoperative physical activity did not influence the amount of head migration and liner wear.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Male; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Risk Factors; Ceramics; Correlation of Data; Polyethylene
PubMed: 37730762
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42809-4 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jun 2024Lycopene as a natural antioxidant that have been studied for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) photo protection and is one of the most effective carotenoids to scavenge... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effect of tomato and lycopene on clinical characteristics and molecular markers of UV-induced skin deterioration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials.
Lycopene as a natural antioxidant that have been studied for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) photo protection and is one of the most effective carotenoids to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to summarize the protective effect of tomato and lycopene on skin photo damage and skin photoaging in healthy subjects by reviewing the existing population intervention experiments. A total of five electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from inceptions to January 2021 without any restriction. Out of 19336 publications identified, 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were meta-analysis. Overall, interventions supplementing tomato and lycopene were associated with significant reductions in Δa*, MMP-1, ICAM-1 and skin pigmentation; while tomato and lycopene supplementation were associated with significant increase in MED, skin thickness and skin density. Based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, supplementation with tomato and lycopene could reduce skin erythema formation and improve the appearance and pigmentation of the skin, thereby preventing light-induced skin photodamage and skin photoaging. Lycopene-rich products could be used as endogenous sun protection and may be a potential nutraceutical for sun protection.
Topics: Lycopene; Humans; Ultraviolet Rays; Solanum lycopersicum; Skin; Skin Aging; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Skin Pigmentation; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Biomarkers; Carotenoids; Erythema; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
PubMed: 36606553
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2164557 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Feb 2024The management of well-fixed femoral stems in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) remains a subject of debate, with concerns over potential complications arising from... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The management of well-fixed femoral stems in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) remains a subject of debate, with concerns over potential complications arising from stem retention. This study aimed to investigate the re-revision rates due to aseptic loosening of the stem, overall re-revision rates, dislocation rates, and factors influencing these outcomes in rTHA with a retained well-fixed femoral stem.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted across several databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL to identify pertinent publications from their inception through 2023. We specifically focused on studies that reported outcomes of rTHA with retained well-fixed femoral stems. The study designs incorporated in our research encompassed both cohort studies and case series studies. Thirty-five studies involving isolated acetabular revision and retaining the stem were included, representing a total of 3497 patients. Data extraction was tailored to the study questions. Meta-analyses, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the outcomes and their relationship with various factors. Pooled results, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses were performed using random-effects models. To assess and reduce bias, we employed Egger's test and the trim and fill method.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 3497 patients with a mean follow-up of 9.28 years. The 10-year risk of re-revision after retaining femoral stem using highly cross-linked polyethylene was 1.7% (95% CI 1.1%-2.3%; I: 60%) for stem aseptic loosening and 8.8% (95% CI 6.2%-11.4%; I: 78%) overall re-revision. Dislocation risk was 5.7% (95% CI 4.1-7.0%; I: 61%). Ceramic heads showed lower stem failure risk than metal heads in long-term follow-ups (P < 0.001). The posterolateral approach in revision surgery resulted in better long-term outcomes compared to the direct lateral approach (P < 0.001). Follow-up duration, timeline of study, Harris Hip Score, type of stem fixation, femoral head material, BMI, age, stem age, and surgical approach were evaluated as influential factors on these outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The re-revision rate due to aseptic loosening of the retained stem during rTHA was found to be significantly low, supporting the idea of retaining well-fixed stems during rTHA. The overall re-revision and dislocation rates also presented comparable or better outcomes to prior studies. A range of factors, including the use of highly cross-linked polyethylene and ceramic femoral heads, was found to influence these outcomes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022351157.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Hip Prosthesis; Reoperation; Prosthesis Failure; Prosthesis Design; Joint Dislocations; Polyethylene; Follow-Up Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37831198
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05087-3 -
International Health Nov 2023Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is a public health challenge in low-income countries. There are inconsistent findings that can affect policy in planning... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is a public health challenge in low-income countries. There are inconsistent findings that can affect policy in planning appropriate intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the evidence in order to identify existing gaps and propose strategies to reduce VAD during pregnancy in Ethiopia.
METHODS
This study included published and unpublished observational studies searched from different databases (PubMed, CINHAL [EBSCO], Embase, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Search and MedNar). Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence using the random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 37 618 pregnant women from 15 studies were included. The overall pooled prevalence of VAD was 29% (95% confidence interval 21 to 36) with I2=99.67% and p<0.001. Socio-economic and sociodemographic factors were identified as affecting vitamin A deficiencies among pregnant women.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly one-third of pregnant women in Ethiopia had VAD. Strengthening intervention modalities that aimed to increase the uptake of vitamin A-rich foods can avert VAD among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pregnant Women; Vitamin A Deficiency; Ethiopia; Vitamin A; Prevalence; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37264928
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad038 -
Lasers in Medical Science Jan 2024Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a cutaneous disorder identified by well-defined pigmented plaques mostly detected on skin folds. Timely diagnosis and treatment of AN is... (Review)
Review
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a cutaneous disorder identified by well-defined pigmented plaques mostly detected on skin folds. Timely diagnosis and treatment of AN is essential as it could be an early manifestation of an underlying condition. The treatment of choice for AN has not been determined yet. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of various lasers with topical medications, including cream and peel. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, were thoroughly searched until May 1st, 2023. Study selection was restricted to clinical trials published in English language comparing lasers with topical treatments. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Out of 1748 studies, Six clinical trials met our inclusion criteria, with 133 patients. We examined laser therapies, including fractional CO2 laser, 1550-nm erbium fiber laser, and long-pulsed alexandrite laser, while the topical treatments comprised glycolic acid (GA) peel, retinoic acid peel, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel, and tretinoin cream. In two studies, GA peel demonstrated favorable results compared to fractional CO2 laser. Besides, fractional CO2 laser exhibited efficacy, surpassing TCA peel in AN management. Additionally, a fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser displayed superiority over tretinoin cream in reducing average roughness. Similarly, a long-pulsed alexandrite laser demonstrated its effectiveness in axillary AN treatment compared to the combination of tretinoin and ammonium lactate. Overall, the findings revealed that laser therapy was associated with superior results. Moreover, topical treatments are safe and efficacious in AN management.
Topics: Humans; Acanthosis Nigricans; Erbium; Lasers; Tretinoin; Glycolates
PubMed: 38253899
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03986-4 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Aug 2023There is little evidence in scientific literature assessing the safety and efficacy of dual-lumen balloon catheters (DLBCs) and their performance compared to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There is little evidence in scientific literature assessing the safety and efficacy of dual-lumen balloon catheters (DLBCs) and their performance compared to single-lumen catheters (SLCs).
METHODS
In this PROSPERO-registered, PRISMA-compliant systematic review, we identified all MEDLINE and EMBASE single-arm (DLBCs) and double-arm (DLBCs vs SLCs) cohorts where DLBCs were used for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Immediate angiographic outcome, vascular complications, technical failures, reflux episodes and entrapment were the primary outcomes. A meta-analysis of the double-arm studies summarized the primary outcomes of total procedural time and immediate angiographic outcome.
RESULTS
The authors identified 18 studies encompassing 209 treated lesions with reported outcomes. Complete occlusion was achieved in 108/132 treated dAVFs (81.8%, 95% CI: [74-87.8%]) and in 45/77 treated AVMs (58.4%, [46.7-69.4%]). The proportion of completely occluded dAVFs was statistically significantly higher than that of AVMs, < .001. There were eight reported vascular complications (3.8%, [1.8-7.7%]), five technical failures (2.4%, [0.9-5.8%]), 14 reflux events (6.7%, [3.9-11.2%]), two entrapment events (1%, [0.2-3.8%]) and 0 deaths (mortality rate 0%, [0-2.3%]). In a meta-analysis for the treatment of dAVFs, the total procedural time was significantly less for DLBCs compared to SLCs (64.9 vs 125.7 min, < .0001). The odds of complete immediate occlusion were significantly higher with DLBCs compared to SLCs (odds ratio (OR) 4.6, [1.5-14.3], = .008).
CONCLUSION
Dual-lumen balloon catheters are safe and effective for the embolization of cerebral AVMs and dAVFs and can achieve faster and potentially superior results compared to SLCs.
REGISTRATION-URL
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ Unique Identifier: CRD42021269096.
Topics: Humans; Treatment Outcome; Polyvinyls; Embolization, Therapeutic; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Catheters; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35738884
DOI: 10.1177/19714009221111089 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2024According to global prevalence analysis studies, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common acute infectious disease in children, especially in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
According to global prevalence analysis studies, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common acute infectious disease in children, especially in preschool children. Acute URTIs lead to an economic burden on families and society. Vitamin A refers to the fat-soluble compound all-trans-retinol and also represents retinol and its active metabolites. Vitamin A interacts with both the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system and improves the host's defences against infections. Correlation studies show that serum retinol deficiency was associated with a higher risk of respiratory tract infections. Therefore, vitamin A supplementation may be important in preventing acute URTIs.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness and safety of vitamin A supplements for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and two trial registration platforms to 8 June 2023. We also checked the reference lists of all primary studies and reviewed relevant systematic reviews and trials for additional references. We imposed no language or publication restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which evaluated the role of vitamin A supplementation in the prevention of acute URTIs in children up to seven years of age.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane.
MAIN RESULTS
We included six studies (27,351 participants). Four studies were RCTs and two were cluster-RCTs. The included studies were all conducted in lower-middle-income countries (two in India, two in South Africa, one in Ecuador, and one in Haiti). Three studies included healthy children who had no vitamin A deficiency, one study included children born to HIV-infected women, one study included low-birthweight neonates, and one study included children in areas with a high local prevalence of malnutrition and xerophthalmia. In two studies, vitamin E was a co-treatment administered in addition to vitamin A. We judged the included studies to be at either a high or unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation, incomplete outcome data, and blinding. Primary outcomes Six studies reported the incidence of acute URTIs during the study period. Five studies reported the number of acute URTIs over a period of time, but there was population heterogeneity and the results were presented in different forms, therefore only three studies were meta-analysed. We are uncertain of the effect of vitamin A supplementation on the number of acute URTIs over two weeks (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.09; I = 44%; 3 studies, 22,668 participants; low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported the proportion of participants with an acute URTI. We are uncertain of the effect of vitamin A supplementation on the proportion of participants with an acute URTI (2 studies, 15,535 participants; low-certainty evidence). Only one study (116 participants) reported adverse events. No infant in either the placebo or vitamin A group was found to have feeding difficulties (failure to feed or vomiting), a bulging fontanelle, or neurological signs before or after vitamin A administration (very low-certainty evidence). Secondary outcomes Two studies (296 participants) reported the severity of subjective symptoms, presented by the mean duration of acute URTI. Vitamin A may have little to no effect on the mean duration of acute URTI (very low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence for the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI is uncertain, because population, dose and duration of interventions, and outcomes vary between studies. From generally very low- to low-certainty evidence, we found that there may be no benefit in the use of vitamin A supplementation to prevent acute URTI in children up to seven years of age. More RCTs are needed to strengthen the current evidence. Future research should report over longer time frames using validated tools and consistent reporting, and ensure adequate power calculations, to allow for easier synthesis of data. Finally, it is important to assess vitamin A supplementation for preschool children with vitamin A deficiency.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin A; Respiratory Tract Infections; Child, Preschool; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Infant; Acute Disease; Dietary Supplements; Child; Vitamins; Vitamin A Deficiency; Administration, Oral; Bias
PubMed: 38738639
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015306.pub2 -
Biological Research For Nursing Jul 2024Dietary astaxanthin supplementation has been demonstrated to have many beneficial and health-promoting effects. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dietary astaxanthin supplementation has been demonstrated to have many beneficial and health-promoting effects. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on fatigue, cognition, and exercise efficiency. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 346 healthy participants were included. The random effects model and pooled standardized mean difference (SMDs) were used according to Hedge's g for the meta-analysis, and a meta-regression was also conducted. The results of the two existing studies showed a positive trend for astaxanthin in subjective fatigue relief. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 8-12 weeks on cognitive accuracy were marginally significant (SMD: .12; 95% CI: -.02-.26) and on reaction time was not significant (SMD: -.08; 95% CI: -.26 to .10). Remarkably, astaxanthin supplementation combined with regular training could enhance the fat oxidation (SMD: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.24-3.89), and significantly improve the physical performance (SMD: .62; 95% CI: .17-1.06). The subgroup analysis further showed significantly greater benefits when performing the aerobic exercises performance (SMD: .45; 95% CI: .13-.76), when the dose was ≥ 20 mg (SMD: .37; 95% CI: .11-.63), and when the supplementation duration was > 12 weeks (SMD: .66; 95% CI: .13-.63). We conclude that astaxanthin supplementation could significantly enhance aerobic exercise efficiency, especially at higher doses and for longer durations. Further studies based on large sample sizes are imperatively warranted.
Topics: Xanthophylls; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Fatigue; Cognition; Female; Exercise; Male; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38243785
DOI: 10.1177/10998004241227561 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jun 2024The effect of Crocus sativus on several disorders has been discussed or even confirmed, but the efficacy of this herb on the female reproductive system has not been well... (Review)
Review
The effect of Crocus sativus on several disorders has been discussed or even confirmed, but the efficacy of this herb on the female reproductive system has not been well presented. In this regard, this systematic review comprehensively discussed the efficacy of C. sativus and its main phytochemical compounds on the female reproductive system and its disorders for the first time. In this systematic review, scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database, were explored profoundly. In vivo, in vitro, and human studies published until the end of July 2023, which had investigated the pharmacological properties of C. sativus, crocin, crocetin, safranal, or picrocrocin on the female reproductive system, were selected. A total of 50 studies conducted on the effect of C. sativus on the female reproductive system were acquired. These studies confirmed the efficacy of C. sativus or its main phytochemical ingredients in several aspects of the female reproductive system, including regulation of sex hormones, folliculogenesis, ovulation, and protection of the ovary and uterus against several oxidative stress. Several retrieved studies indicated that this herb also can alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), and sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, it is a promising candidate for future studies or even trials regarding ovarian and cervical cancers. This review concluded that C. sativus can improve the symptoms of several female reproductive system disorders, which is particularly due to the presence of phytochemical ingredients, such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal.
Topics: Crocus; Humans; Female; Plant Extracts; Premenstrual Syndrome; Animals; Carotenoids; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Menopause; Dysmenorrhea; Phytochemicals; Vitamin A; Cyclohexenes; Glucosides; Terpenes
PubMed: 38558480
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8186 -
Journal of the American Nutrition... Jan 2024We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of caffeine's effects on vertical jumping performance in females, with subgroup analyses for potential... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of caffeine's effects on vertical jumping performance in females, with subgroup analyses for potential moderators, including phase of the menstrual cycle, testing time of day, caffeine dose, and test type. Fifteen studies were included in the review ( = 197). Their data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis of effect sizes (Hedges' ). In the main meta-analysis, we found an ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance (: 0.28). An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the luteal phase (: 0.24), follicular phase (: 0.52), luteal or follicular phase (: 0.31), and when the phase was not specified (: 0.21). The test for subgroup differences indicated that the ergogenic effects of caffeine were significantly greater in the follicular phase compared to all other conditions. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the morning (: 0.38), evening (: 0.19), mixed morning or evening (: 0.38), and when time was not specified (: 0.32), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the dose was ≤3 mg/kg (: 0.21), or >3 mg/kg (: 0.37), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found in the countermovement jump test (: 0.26) and squat jump test (: 0.35), with no subgroup differences. In summary, caffeine ingestion is ergogenic for vertical jumping performance in females, and it seems that the magnitude of these effects is the largest in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Topics: Female; Humans; Caffeine; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Menstrual Cycle; Follicular Phase; Lutein
PubMed: 37191618
DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2212740