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Life Sciences Nov 2023A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal disorders, systemic inflammatory states and oxidative stress, among others. Recently, gut and oral dysbiosis has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia and a public health priority due to its high prevalence and incidence. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammation characteristic of AD pathology and the subsequent cognitive impairment. It is a systematic review of the current literature obtained by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristic intestinal dysbiosis in AD patients leads to increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and activates immune cells in the central nervous system due to translocation of microbiota-derived metabolites and/or bacteria into the circulation leading to increased neuroinflammation and neuronal loss, thus generating the cognitive impairment characteristic of AD. The presence in the central nervous system of Porphyromonas gingivalis can cause an increased neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid peptide accumulation.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Dysbiosis; Microbiota; Inflammation; Bacteria; Brain
PubMed: 37793482
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122132 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2023To investigate the existence of any association between new putative periodontal pathogens and periodontitis. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To investigate the existence of any association between new putative periodontal pathogens and periodontitis. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, DOSS and Google Scholar databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies prior to November 2022. Studies comparing the prevalence of microorganisms other than the already-known periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and/or saliva samples between subjects with periodontitis and subject with periodontal health were included. Meta-analyses were performed on data provided by the included studies. Fifty studies including a total of 2739 periodontitis subjects and 1747 subjects with periodontal health were included. The Archaea domain and 25 bacterial species (Anaeroglobus geminatus, Bacteroidales [G-2] bacterium HMT 274, Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041, Dialister invisus, Dialister pneumosintes, Eubacterium brachy, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium saphenum, Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 360, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 362, Mogibacterium timidum, Peptoniphilaceae sp. HMT 113, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Slackia exigua, Streptococcus gordonii, Selenomonas sputigena, Treponema amylovorum, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Treponema maltophilum, Treponema medium, Treponema parvum and Treponema socranskii) were found to be statistically significantly associated with periodontitis. Network studies should be conducted to investigate the role of these newly identified periodontitis-associated microorganisms through interspecies interaction and host-microbe crosstalk analyses.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Periodontitis; Dental Plaque; Bacteroides; Eubacterium
PubMed: 37572051
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13173 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023(1) Introduction: Current evidence shows that mechanical debridement augmented with systemic and topical antibiotics may be beneficial for the treatment of... (Review)
Review
(1) Introduction: Current evidence shows that mechanical debridement augmented with systemic and topical antibiotics may be beneficial for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The microbial profile of peri-implantitis plays a key role in identifying the most suitable antibiotics to be used for the treatment and prevention of peri-implantitis. This systematic review aimed to summarize and critically analyze the methodology and findings of studies which have utilized sequencing techniques to elucidate the microbial profiles of peri-implantitis. (2) Results: sp. are associated with peri-implantitis. sp. are associated with healthy implant sites and exhibit a reduced prevalence in deeper pockets and with greater severity of disease progression. sp. have been identified both in diseased and healthy sites. sp. have been associated with healthy implants and negatively correlate with the probing depth. Methanogens and AAGPRs were also detected in peri-implantitis sites. (3) Methods: The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023459266). The PRISMA criteria were used to select articles retrieved from a systematic search of the Scopus, Cochrane, and Medline databases until 1 August 2023. Title and abstract screening was followed by a full-text review of the included articles. Thirty-two articles were included in the final qualitative analysis. (4) Conclusions: A distinct microbial profile could not be identified from studies employing sequencing techniques to identify the microbiome. Further studies are needed with more standardization to allow a comparison of findings. A universal clinical parameter for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis should be implemented in all future studies to minimize confounding factors. The subject pool should also be more diverse and larger to compensate for individual differences, and perhaps a distinct microbial profile can be seen with a larger sample size.
PubMed: 37998812
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111610 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Nov 2023To answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy human subjects (P), which are the differences between peri-implantitis (E) and peri-implant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy human subjects (P), which are the differences between peri-implantitis (E) and peri-implant health/mucositis (C) in terms of bacterial presence/count (O)?"
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional studies fulfilling specific inclusion criteria established to answer the PECO question were included. Two review authors independently searched for studies, screened the titles and abstracts, did full-text analysis, extracted the data from the included reports, and performed the risk of bias assessment through an adaptation of the Newcastle/Ottawa tool for cross-sectional studies and of the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer author took the final decision. Study results were summarized using random effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies were included, involving 1233 participants and 1513 implants. Peri-implantitis was associated with the presence of S. epidermidis (Odds ratio, OR = 10.28 [95% Confidence interval, CI: 1.26-83.98]), F. nucleatum (OR = 7.83 [95% CI: 2.24-27.36]), T. denticola (OR = 6.11 [95% CI: 2.72-13.76]), T. forsythia (OR = 4.25 [95% CI: 1.71-10.57]), P. intermedia (OR = 3.79 [95% CI: 1.07-13.35]), and P. gingivalis (OR = 2.46 [95% CI: 1.21-5.00]). Conversely, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 3.82 [95% CI: 0.59-24.68]), S. aureus (OR = 1.05 [95% CI: 0.06-17.08]), and C. rectus (OR = 1.48 [95% CI: 0.69-3.17]) was not associated with peri-implantitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Peri-implantitis is associated with the presence of S. epidermidis and specific periodontopathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia). (CRD42021254589).
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Microbiota; Dental Implants
PubMed: 37523470
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14153 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Sep 2023To summarize the data on association between periodontal diseases and cognitive impairment in adults this systematic review scrutinized various observational studies...
DESIGN
To summarize the data on association between periodontal diseases and cognitive impairment in adults this systematic review scrutinized various observational studies till September 2021. This review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. The authors used PECO framework question,: population-Adults (18 years or older), exposure-adults suffering from periodontitis, comparator-adult group without periodontitis, outcome-adults at high risk for cognitive impairment.
CASE/CONTROL SELECTION
Search for the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Search was limited to human studies with no limitation to year of publication prior to September 2021. Search terms used were related to gingiva, oral bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, gum inflammation, periodontitis, dementia, neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease. Following research, all the studies providing association between periodontal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases with quantitative measures were included in the study. Non-human studies, studies on patients below 18 year old, studies related to influence of treatment and in subjects already suffering from neurological disease were excluded. After removing duplicates, eligible studies were identified and data extracted by two reviewers to make ensure inter examiner reliability and to prevent data entry errors. Data from the studies were tabulated as study design, sample characteristics, diagnosis, exposure biomarkers/measures, outcomes and results.
DATA ANALYSIS
Methodological quality of studies was assessed by adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Selection of study groups, comparability and exposure/outcome were used as parameters. Case-control and cohort studies were considered as high-quality studies if six or more stars were awarded out of nine maximum stars and four or more stars for cross-sectional studies out of six stars. Comparability among the groups was studied by taking into account primary factors for Alzheimer's disease such as age and sex and secondary factors like hypertension, osteoarthritis, depression, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease. For cohort studies, 10 year follow up and dropout of <10% was considered to be successful.
RESULTS
A total of 3693 studies were identified by two independent reviewers and finally 11 studies were included in the final analysis. Six cohort studies, three cross-sectional and two case-control studies were included after excluding remaining studies. Bias in studies was assessed by adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All included studies were of high methodological quality. Association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment was determined by using different criteria like International classification of disease, clinical measurement of periodontitis subjects, inflammatory biomarkers, microbes and antibodies. It was suggested that subjects with chronic periodontitis since 8 years or more, are at a higher risk of having dementia. Clinical measures of periodontal disease like probing depth, clinical attachment loss, alveolar bone loss were found to be positively associated with cognitive impairment. Inflammatory biomarkers and pre-existing elevated levels of serum IgG specific to periodontopathogens was reported to be associated with cognitive impairment. Within the limitations of the study, the authors concluded that though the patients with long-standing periodontitis are at greater risk for developing cognitive impairment by neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanism by which periodontitis can lead to cognitive impairment is still vague.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence suggests a strong association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Still further studies should be done to explore the mechanism involved.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Chronic Periodontitis; Cognitive Dysfunction; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37433922
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00915-2 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Dec 2023The association between oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasingly recognized and studied. Yet, contrasting results are seen in current studies. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The association between oral microbiota and pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasingly recognized and studied. Yet, contrasting results are seen in current studies. This study aimed to provide systematic review and meta-analysis comparing PC and oral microbiota.
METHODS
Studies related to the association between oral microbiota and PC were identified through digital databases including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS without limitations on language or publication period. The last identification date was 10 March 2023. Three case-control studies concerning the issue were included. For the meta-analyses, RevMan software version 5.4 was used. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate articles and measurement of study differences, and publication bias was shown.
RESULTS
Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral bacteria was detected at a comparatively high detection rate in PC patients compared with healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.74; P = 0.007; I = 34 %). The detection rate did not differ significantly between PC patients and healthy control patients for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 0.98; 95 % CI 0.75-1.29; P = 0.90; I = 76 %); Tannerella forsythiaand (OR 1.12; 95 % CI 0.89-1.42; P = 0.33; I = 0 %), or Prevotella intermedia (OR 1.08; 95 % CI 0.84-1.39; P = 0.55; I = 0 %).
CONCLUSION
Oral microbiota were closely related to PC, whereas P. gingivalis was more commonly found in the PC patients than in the healthy controls. For patients with PC, P. gingivalis may play a role in early diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Microbiota
PubMed: 37787951
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14366-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by , discuss the association between and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Insulin Resistance; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Insulin
PubMed: 37520442
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2024Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which contribute to the vicious circle of carcinogenesis. It is unknown whether oral dysbiosis has an impact on the etiology or prognosis of OPMD.
AIMS
Within this paradigm, this work systemically investigated and reported on the composition of oral microbiota in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) versus healthy controls.
METHODS
Observational studies that reported next generation sequencing analysis of oral tissue or salivary samples and found at least three bacterial species were included. Identification, screening, citation analysis, and graphical synthesis were carried out.
RESULTS
For oral lichen planus (OLP), the bacteria with the highest abundance were Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, and Rothia; for oral leukoplakia (OLK), Prevotella. Streptococci levels in OLK and OLP were lower. The usage of alcohol or smoke had no effect on the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
An increase in periodontal pathogenic bacteria could promote the development and exacerbation of lichen. Effective bacteriome-based biomarkers are worthy of further investigation and application, as are bacteriome-based treatments.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Bacteria; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38295615
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105891 -
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Sep 2023Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease that affects oral mucosa. The coating agents, topical analgesics, and topical steroids are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease that affects oral mucosa. The coating agents, topical analgesics, and topical steroids are usually used as treatment methods. has been used for RAS treatment based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, a systemic review on the therapeutic effect of topical licorice on RAS management was performed.
METHODS
Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane databases, PubMed Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were searched up to September 2021 to find all English randomized clinical trials studying the effect of , or its compositions on RAS. Meta-analysis was not conducted because of data heterogeneity. Articles were reviewed qualitatively, and only those with a Jadad score ≥3 were included. Animal studies, , review papers, non-English papers, and case reports were excluded.
RESULTS
Six studies with 314 subjects were included after screening. The result showed licorice has significant effects on RAS pain reduction, ulcer size, and healing time. Its effectiveness is related to its dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through several mechanisms. It also has antibacterial effects against and as another mechanism of action in RAS treatment. In addition, licorice can elevate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) level compared to the control group, which has an essential role in oral mucosal tissue integrity.
CONCLUSION
Licorice extract has been used in different dosage forms, including paste, patch, and mouthwash with concentrations of 1% or 5%. The healing time after licorice therapy is expected to be within 4-8 days. Licorice did not show any adverse effect in the intervention groups, indicating its effectiveness and safety in RAS treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Glycyrrhiza; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 37786470
DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2022.94467.2576 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis.
METHODS
Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database.
RESULTS
Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of , , , , , and or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression.
CONCLUSION
Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
PubMed: 36654677
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001