-
European Journal of Oncology Nursing :... Oct 2023To identify the status quo and key influencing factors of family resilience in cancer treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the status quo and key influencing factors of family resilience in cancer treatment.
METHODS
Eight electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang Database, VIP Database) were searched from 2000 to 10 May 2023. Inclusion criteria were the following: (a) study subjects were cancer patients or their family caregivers, (b) family resilience was measured as a variable, (c) reported factors associated with family resilience, (d) employed either quantitative or mixed methods design, (e) written in English or Chinese, (f) published in peer-reviewed journals. All included studies were evaluated for quality using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool.
RESULTS
Thirty studies were included in the systematic review. According to our analysis, the family resilience of cancer patients could be influenced by various factors associated with six clusters: (a) demographic characteristics, (b) severe staging and treatment of cancer, (c) psychological and health statuses, (d) family, and (e) social environment. Meanwhile, several specific protective factors and risk factors of family resilience were also identified.
CONCLUSION
Family resilience plays an important role in promoting positive adaptation in the face of adversity in families of cancer patients/caregivers. This study classifies related influencing factors by analyzing both protective factors and risk factors (and some controversial factors of family resilience). We found that longitudinal studies are needed to further verify the dynamic changes of family resilience, and future research should focus on understanding family resilience from the dual perspectives of cancer patients and their caregivers, to provide comprehensive information for health professionals, and facilitate the development of effective family resilience intervention programs.
PubMed: 37690311
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102403 -
International Psychogeriatrics May 2024Research on suicide rarely focuses on protective factors. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of the associations between protective factors...
BACKGROUND
Research on suicide rarely focuses on protective factors. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of the associations between protective factors and reduced suicidality among older adults.
METHOD
First, a scoping review was conducted to identify pertinent terms that refer to various protective factors against suicidality. A systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines, was then conducted on a selection of 15 protective factors (e.g., perceived control, well-being and quality of life, life satisfaction, purpose-in-life, resilience, coping, religiosity, hope, self-regulation, sense of belonging, mattering, positive relationship, social support, social connectedness, and social participation), with separate searches performed on each factor in five databases. Empirical studies were eligible if participants were adults aged 60 years and over, and if the studies reported predictive statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 70 studies were retained for the review. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome measure (91%). Significant associations were consistently observed between all protective factors and reduced suicidal ideations or behaviors, particularly for purpose-in-life, resilience, and positive relationships, indicating that these are solid components for suicide prevention. Using scales, instead of a single item, to measure protective factors (e.g. life satisfaction) was more efficient to capture the associations. On the other hand, results were similar whether studies used subjective (e.g., sense of belonging) or objective (e.g., social connectedness) measures.
CONCLUSION
Protective factors were inversely associated with suicidal ideation. Improving protective factors is essential for the development of late-life suicide prevention and interventions, instead of merely focusing on risk factors.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Adaptation, Psychological; Hope; Personal Satisfaction; Protective Factors; Quality of Life; Resilience, Psychological; Risk Factors; Social Support; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 38305360
DOI: 10.1017/S104161022300443X -
ESMO Open Mar 2024Identifying the association between body mass index (BMI) or weight change and cancer prognosis is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments. We aimed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Identifying the association between body mass index (BMI) or weight change and cancer prognosis is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments. We aimed to assess the strength and validity of the evidence of the association between BMI or weight change and cancer prognosis by a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of relevant cohort studies.
METHODS
We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EconLit, Embase, Food Sciences and Technology Abstracts, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases for literature published up to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies with BMI or weight change as an exposure factor, cancer as a diagnostic outcome, and data type as an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) or headcount ratio. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled HR along with the 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Seventy-three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with normal weight, overweight or obesity was a risk factor for overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.53; P < 0.0001), while obesity was a protective factor for OS in patients with gastrointestinal tumors (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.56-0.80; P < 0.0001) and lung cancer (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.92; P = 0.01) compared with patients without obesity. Compared with normal weight, underweight was a risk factor for OS in patients with breast cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98-1.35; P = 0.08), gastrointestinal tumors (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.32-1.80; P < 0.0001), and lung cancer (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22-1.35; P < 0.0001). Compared with nonweight change, weight loss was a risk factor for OS in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the meta-analysis, we concluded that BMI, weight change, and tumor prognosis were significantly correlated. These findings may provide a more reliable argument for the development of more effective oncology treatment protocols.
Topics: Humans; Female; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Cohort Studies; Breast Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38442453
DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102241 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Jan 2024Dementia is an emergent health priority for Indigenous peoples worldwide, yet little is known about disease drivers and protective factors.
INTRODUCTION
Dementia is an emergent health priority for Indigenous peoples worldwide, yet little is known about disease drivers and protective factors.
METHODS
Database searches were conducted in March 2022 to identify original publications on risk, protective, genetic, neuroradiological, and biological factors related to dementia and cognitive impairment involving Indigenous peoples.
RESULTS
Modifiable risk factors featured across multiple studies include childhood adversity, hearing loss, low education attainment, unskilled work history, stroke, head injury, epilepsy, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, depression, low BMI, poor mobility, and continence issues. Non-modifiable risk factors included increasing age, sex, and genetic polymorphisms. Education, ex-smoking, physical and social activity, and engagement with cultural or religious practices were highlighted as potential protective factors. There is a paucity of research on dementia biomarkers involving Indigenous peoples.
DISCUSSION
Greater understanding of modifiable factors and biomarkers of dementia can assist in strength-based models to promote healthy ageing and cognition for Indigenous peoples.
Topics: Humans; Indigenous Peoples; Risk Factors; Educational Status; Biomarkers; Dementia
PubMed: 37746888
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13458 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Sep 2024Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In response to the conflicting results in previous studies, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In response to the conflicting results in previous studies, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this association.
METHODS
Relevant studies published until January 2023 were retrieved from 6 databases, and the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or GERD was determined from the original studies. A random effects model was employed to meta-analyze the association by computing the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Furthermore, subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between cumulative physical activity (PA) time and GERD.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 33 studies comprising 242,850 participants. A significant negative association was observed between PA and the prevalence of symptomatic GER (RR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.66-0.83; p < 0.01) or GERD (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.76-0.84; p < 0.01), suggesting that engaging in PA might confer a protective benefit against GERD. Subgroup analyses consistently indicated the presence of this association across nearly all subgroups, particularly among the older individuals (RR:RR = 0.85:0.69, p < 0.01) and smokers (RR:RR = 0.67:0.82, p = 0.03). Furthermore, a dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who engaged in 150 min of PA per week had a 72.09% lower risk of developing GERD.
CONCLUSION
Maintaining high levels of PA decreased the risk of GERD, particularly among older adults and smokers. Meeting the recommended PA level of 150 min per week may significantly decrease the prevalence of GERD.
Topics: Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Exercise; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Age Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 38552714
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.03.007 -
BMC Cancer May 2024Cancer is a leading global cause of death. Conventional cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have associated side effects. Ferroptosis, a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Cancer is a leading global cause of death. Conventional cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have associated side effects. Ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic and iron-dependent cell death, has been identified and differs from other cell death types. Research has shown that ferroptosis can promote and inhibit tumor growth, which may have prognostic value. Given the unclear role of ferroptosis in cancer biology, this meta-analysis aims to investigate its impact on cancer prognosis.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted searches on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eight retrospective studies were included to compare the impact of ferroptosis inhibition and promotion on cancer patient prognosis. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Studies lacking clear descriptions of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for OS and PFS were excluded. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on the included study data to assess prognosis differences between the experimental and control groups. Meta-analysis results included HR and 95% confidence intervals. This study has been registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42023463720 on September 27, 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 2,446 articles were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 5 articles with 938 eligible subjects. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis after bias exclusion. The meta-analysis, after bias exclusion, demonstrated that promoting ferroptosis could increase cancer patients' overall survival (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.21-0.44) and progression-free survival (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16-0.44) compared to ferroptosis inhibition. The results showed moderate heterogeneity, suggesting that biological activities promoting cancer cell ferroptosis are beneficial for cancer patient's prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the promotion of ferroptosis yields substantial benefits for cancer prognosis. These findings underscore the untapped potential of ferroptosis as an innovative anti-tumor therapeutic strategy, capable of addressing challenges related to drug resistance, limited therapeutic efficacy, and unfavorable prognosis in cancer treatment.
REGISTRATION
CRD42023463720.
Topics: Humans; Ferroptosis; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Protective Factors; Progression-Free Survival
PubMed: 38760742
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12369-5 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Oct 2023Childhood maltreatment and neglect are associated with a host of negative outcomes. Yet, some children show resilience despite their exposure to these traumatic events....
Childhood maltreatment and neglect are associated with a host of negative outcomes. Yet, some children show resilience despite their exposure to these traumatic events. Several protective factors have been documented in the literature, but few studies focus on protective factors in the child's community that can promote resilience. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive portrait of the impact of community protective factors on the resilience of abused and neglected children. The databases PsycNet and PubMed were used to screen the literature relying on the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in English or in French; (2) report empirical and quantitative data; (3) include a minimum sample size of 30 participants; (4) rely on a sample of maltreated children or adolescents under the age of 24; (5) examine the associations between community protective factors and indicators of psychological adaptation; and (6) include outcome measures that assessed either positive adaptation or the absence of symptomatology in participants. Of the 9,553 articles identified, 44 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Although many protective factors show significant results, several methodological limitations remain to be examined to affirm that these community variables have a significant impact on the level of resilience of maltreated children. Since child maltreatment is a systemic issue, it remains important to fully understand how community protective factors operate on the resilience of these children as it can greatly inform practitioners and community institutions on how to intervene with populations at risk of maltreatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Protective Factors; Child Abuse; Emotional Adjustment
PubMed: 36047717
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221117234 -
European Journal of Neurology Aug 2023Previous studies investigating cardiovascular disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) showed heterogeneous results regarding whether there is a higher or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Previous studies investigating cardiovascular disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) showed heterogeneous results regarding whether there is a higher or lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in these patients compared to the general population. Because of the inconsistency in findings, herein the aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the risk of MI in patients with PD.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed using four databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase, in June 2022. Peer-reviewed observational studies comprising case-controls, cohort, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported MI in the PD population were included.
RESULTS
After the screening, 20 studies with a total of 80,441 patients with PD and 802,857 controls were included in our qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The pooled estimated odds ratio for MI in PD patients compared to controls was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-1.05) which indicates that there is no association. The pooled prevalence of MI was 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) with a range of 1%-20% amongst patients with PD. The men (6%, 95% CI 1%-13%) and women (6%, 95% CI 1%-14%, Q = 29.27, I = 98.50%, p < 0.001) had similar MI prevalence.
CONCLUSION
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence that PD is associated with a reduced risk of MI. Whilst the exact mechanism underlying this association remains to be fully elucidated, it is clear that certain risk factors for cardiac events appear to be less present in PD patients, which may serve as a protective factor. However, given the reports of increased risk for cerebrovascular events in PD patients, it is possible that the major risk factors for MI and cardiovascular accidents in this population differ. These findings have important implications for clinical management and further research in this area is warranted.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Parkinson Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors; Prevalence
PubMed: 37151196
DOI: 10.1111/ene.15838 -
BMJ Open Dec 2023The negative effects of smoking on numerous cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been widely acknowledged. However, the potential effect of smoking cessation is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The negative effects of smoking on numerous cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been widely acknowledged. However, the potential effect of smoking cessation is relatively unelucidated. The objective of this study is to explore whether the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in former smokers differs from the prevalence in current smokers.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Four databases, that is, PubMed, Web of Science, Journal@Ovid and Scopus were searched from inception to 31 January 2023.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Population-based cross-sectional studies, including the baseline data of cohort studies with identified NAFLD diagnostic methods, and smoking status (current smoker or former smoker) of participants were included.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently extracted the data including cigarette smoking status, country/region of studies, NAFLD diagnostic methods, sex, the average age and body mass index (BMI) of NAFLD participants and assessed the risk of bias with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist. Risk ratio (RR) of NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was pooled using the random-effects model.
RESULTS
28 studies involving 4 465 862 participants were included. Compared with current smokers, the RR of overall NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19, prediction interval: 0.92-1.39). This result persisted after adjustment for diagnostic methods, country/region, sex, age and BMI. Sensitivity analysis and risk of bias assessment indicated a stable conclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was at least not lower than that in current smokers and was partially related to increased BMI after smoking cessation, indicating that smoking cessation was possibly not a protective factor against NAFLD. Although the meta-analysis based on cross-sectional studies cannot conclude the causal relationships between smoking cessation and NAFLD onset, the potential onset of NAFLD associated with smoking cessation should be highlighted.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023394944.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Smoking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38072477
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074216 -
BMC Women's Health Jul 2023Given the increase in the incidence of breast cancer during the past decades, several studies have investigated the effects of variables on breast cancer, especially... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Given the increase in the incidence of breast cancer during the past decades, several studies have investigated the effects of variables on breast cancer, especially obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate any effects of obesity on breast cancer risk in women, before and after menopause, and in different continents.All forms of relevant literature examining any association between obesity and breast cancer, including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, were identified in the PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1990 until January 13, 2023. Body mass index (BMI) > 30 was used to indicate obesity. Every type of breast cancer was examined as outcome factors. The quality of the papers was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale checklist. The Egger and Begg test was used to evaluate publication bias. To assess any extra impact of each research on the final measurement, a sensitivity analysis was carried out.One hundred and two studies were included in this meta-analysis. Respectively, 48 and 67 studies reported associations between obesity and breast cancer in pre and post menopausal women. Combining all studies, the pooled OR of the association between obesity and breast cancer in pre-menopausal women was OR = 0.93 CI: (0.85-1.1), (I = 65.4%), and for post-menopausal woman, OR = 1.26 CI: (1.19-1.34), (I = 90.5%).Obesity has a protective role in breast cancer among pre-menopausal women, but this relationship is statistically significant only in European women. The chance of developing breast cancer increases in post-menopausal women who are obese. This relationship is significant among Asian, North American, African and European women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Menstruation; Obesity
PubMed: 37496015
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02543-5