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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jan 2024Physical exercise is one of the main nonpharmacological treatments for most pathologies. In addition, physical exercise is beneficial in the prevention of various... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Physical exercise is one of the main nonpharmacological treatments for most pathologies. In addition, physical exercise is beneficial in the prevention of various diseases. The impact of physical exercise has been widely studied; however, existing meta-analyses have included diverse and heterogeneous samples. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of different physical exercise modalities on telomere length in healthy populations.
OBJECTIVE
In this review, we aimed to determine the effect of physical exercise on telomere length in a healthy population through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of the published literature on the impact of physical exercise on telomere length in a healthy population was performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions and the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Finally, the certainty of our findings (closeness of the estimated effect to the true effect) was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE).
RESULTS
We included 9 trials that met the inclusion criteria with fair methodological quality. Random-effects model analysis was used to quantify the difference in telomere length between the exercise and sham groups. Meta-analysis showed that exercise did not significantly increase telomere length compared with the control intervention (mean difference=0.0058, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.06; P=.83). Subgroup analysis suggested that high-intensity interventional exercise significantly increased telomere length compared with the control intervention in healthy individuals (mean difference=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26; P=.01). Furthermore, 56% of the studies had a high risk of bias. Certainty was graded from low to very low for most of the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that high-intensity interval training seems to have a positive effect on telomere length compared with other types of exercise such as resistance training or aerobic exercise in a healthy population.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022364518; http://tinyurl.com/4fwb85ff.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Databases, Factual; Exercise; Health Status; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis
PubMed: 38194261
DOI: 10.2196/46019 -
European Journal of Investigation in... May 2024The prevalence of diagnosed cases of autism has increased rapidly, which has raised interest in studying the variables related to the well-being of these families. The... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of diagnosed cases of autism has increased rapidly, which has raised interest in studying the variables related to the well-being of these families. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on other variables related to family well-being, such as parenting styles. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA check list and bias assessment with the aim of analyzing if the concepts of autism, well-being and parenting style are related. We screened 755 references from relevant databases like Scopus, Pubmed, PscyInfo EBSCO, Web of Science and Dialnet, updated on May 2024. Sixteen full text articles and abstracts were read. It was identified that the authoritative parenting style, as well as those based on warmth, establishing relationships and emotional bonding, and low expressed emotion were positively related to family well-being. On the other hand, authoritarian, permissive and overprotective styles, as well as critical, punishing and training-based, were negatively associated with well-being and quality of family life.
PubMed: 38921067
DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060101 -
Heliyon Oct 2023This article, the second in a two-part series, continues the discussion on the nature of the relationship between the level of sweet taste suppression and eating...
This article, the second in a two-part series, continues the discussion on the nature of the relationship between the level of sweet taste suppression and eating behaviour, but in animal rather human subjects. In particular, the aim was to review the scientific literature on the impact that bioactive compounds that decrease oral sweet sensations have on intake, preference and physiological status in preclinical studies. This review was registered in the and conducted according to the (PRISMA) and the and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 28 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. We identified three plant species, , , and , that possess acute sweetness-inhibitory properties. When administered orally, these plants reduced neural responses to sweet stimuli and decreased consumption. However, studies on the longer-term effects of antisweet activity remain to be conducted. Translating the valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sweet taste impairment and eating behaviour into practical clinical applications are discussed.
PubMed: 37860570
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20511 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Apr 2024In this review, we analyzed the possible relationship between the excessive use of screens and sleep patterns, and how this may affect certain behavioral and cognitive... (Review)
Review
In this review, we analyzed the possible relationship between the excessive use of screens and sleep patterns, and how this may affect certain behavioral and cognitive factors in preschool children. The selection, extraction and synthesis of the data were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO (American Psychological Association), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). Of the 597 articles initially identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias of the articles selected was evaluated using a specific scale created for this purpose. The results found indicate that excessive use of screens is associated with a negative impact on the duration and quality of sleep-in preschoolers, and this worsening of sleep in infancy is related with a greater probability of the appearance of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems and certain cognitive problems. The results also suggest that sleep could play a mediating or moderating role as a bioregulatory system that attenuates or increases the onset of behavioral and cognitive difficulties in those children most exposed to digital devices.
PubMed: 38565731
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02430-w -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Mar 2024Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, leading to significant challenges to both patients and the governmental healthcare system....
BACKGROUND
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, leading to significant challenges to both patients and the governmental healthcare system. Non-pharmacologic interventions have received increasing attention as potential strategies to alleviate chronic low back pain and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively assess the changes in blood inflammatory biomarkers after non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP patients, thus trying to understand the complex interactions between non-pharmacologic interventions and inflammatory biomarker changes in CLBP.
METHODS
A thorough search (from January 1st, 2002 to October 5th, 2022) of PubMed, Medline (platform Web of Science), and the Cochrane Library (platform Wiley Online Library) were conducted, and inclusion criteria as well as exclusion criteria were refined to selection of the studies. Rigorous assessments of study quality were performed using RoB 2 from Cochrane or an adaptation of the Downs and Black checklist. Data synthesis includes alterations in inflammatory biomarkers after various non-pharmacologic interventions, including exercise, acupressure, neuro-emotional technique, and other modalities.
RESULTS
Thirteen primary studies were included in this systematic review, eight randomized controlled trials, one quasi-randomized trial, and four before-after studies. The interventions studied consisted of osteopathic manual treatment (one study), spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) (three studies), exercise (two studies), yoga (two studies) and acupressure (two studies), neuro-emotional technique (one study), mindfulness-based (one study) and balneotherapy study (one study). Four studies reported some changes in the inflammatory biomarkers compared to the control group. Decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after osteopathic manual treatment (OMT), neuro-emotional technique (NET), and yoga. Decreased interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and c-reactive protein (CRP) after NET, and increased IL-4 after acupressure. Another five studies found changes in inflammatory biomarkers through pre- and post-intervention comparisons, indicating improvement outcomes after intervention. Increased IL-10 after balneotherapy; decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, Interferon-gamma, interferon-γ-induced protein 10-γ-induced protein 10 after exercise; decreased IL-6 after exercise and SMT; decreased CRP and chemokine ligand 3 after SMT.
CONCLUSION
Results suggest a moderation of inflammatory biomarkers due to different non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP, generally resulting in decreased pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 as well as increased anti-inflammatory markers such as IL-4, thus revealing the inhibition of inflammatory processes by different non-pharmacologic interventions. However, a limited number of high-quality studies evaluating similar interventions and similar biomarkers limits the conclusion of this review.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Interleukin-10; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Biomarkers; Chronic Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38459458
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07289-1 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2024Children and adolescents with psychopathic traits show deficits in emotion recognition, but there is no consensus as to the extent of their generalizability or about the... (Review)
Review
Children and adolescents with psychopathic traits show deficits in emotion recognition, but there is no consensus as to the extent of their generalizability or about the variables that may be moderating the process. The present Systematic Review brings together the existing scientific corpus on the subject and attempts to answer these questions through an exhaustive review of the existing literature according to PRISMA 2020 statement. Results confirmed the existence of pervasive deficits in emotion recognition and, more specifically, on distress emotions (e.g., fear), a deficit that transcends all modalities of emotion presentation and all emotional stimuli used. Moreover, they supported the key role of attention to relevant areas that provide emotional cues (e.g., eye-region) and point out differences according to the presence of disruptive behavior and based on the psychopathy dimension examined. This evidence could advance the current knowledge on developmental models of psychopathic traits. Yet, homogenization of the conditions of research in this area should be prioritized to be able to draw more robust and generalizable conclusions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Emotions; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 38240937
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00466-z -
Assessment Mar 2024The adoption of open science practices (OSPs) is crucial for promoting transparency and robustness in research. We conducted a systematic review to assess the frequency... (Review)
Review
The adoption of open science practices (OSPs) is crucial for promoting transparency and robustness in research. We conducted a systematic review to assess the frequency and trends of OSPs in psychometric studies focusing on measures of suicidal thoughts and behavior. We analyzed publications from two international databases, examining the use of OSPs such as open access publication, preregistration, provision of open materials, and data sharing. Our findings indicate a lack of adherence to OSPs in psychometric studies of suicide. The majority of manuscripts were published under restricted access, and preregistrations were not utilized. The provision of open materials and data was rare, with limited access to instruments and analysis scripts. Open access versions (preprints/postprints) were scarce. The low adoption of OSPs in psychometric studies of suicide calls for urgent action. Embracing a culture of open science will enhance transparency, reproducibility, and the impact of research in suicide prevention efforts.
PubMed: 38468149
DOI: 10.1177/10731911241236315 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2024Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a well-established psychological therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, based on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a well-established psychological therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, based on the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines. However, these guidelines are not as consistent in recommending EMDR interventions for the early treatment of post-traumatic symptoms. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR therapy for early intervention after a traumatic event.
METHODS
A systematic search for randomized clinical trials has been carried out in the PUBMED, CINAHL, Psyc-INFO and Cochrane Library search engines. We included individuals exposed to a recent traumatic event (within 3 months of a traumatic incident). Outcomes on PTSD, depression and anxiety in post-treatment, and at follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months, as well as on safety and tolerability were extracted.
RESULTS
A total of 11 RCTs were found. Studies showed beneficial effects of early EMDR interventions on post-traumatic symptoms at post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. No differences were found between EMDR and no intervention or another intervention in the remaining analyses.
LIMITATIONS
The main limitations are the low quality of the studies, the small number of studies per outcome assessed, and the small sample sizes.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence for the short-term beneficial effect of early EMDR interventions on post-traumatic symptoms. Although it appears to be a safe therapeutic choice, more studies are necessary that include safety data.
Topics: Humans; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 38626564
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.019 -
Psychological Services Nov 2023Due to the recognition of the high prevalence and widespread effects of trauma, trauma-informed care (TIC) framework has emerged to address its impact and prevent...
Due to the recognition of the high prevalence and widespread effects of trauma, trauma-informed care (TIC) framework has emerged to address its impact and prevent retraumatization in the systems of care. Since organizational support has been identified as crucial in TIC implementation and sustainability, this systematic review assessed the status quo of TIC interventions which explicitly incorporate an organizational component. Our search yielded 880 articles, and 15 met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were carried out in the United States, more than half in mental health and Child Welfare Services, through longitudinal designs with no randomization or control group. All the studies utilized one to six organizational components, the most frequent related to presence of a defined leadership, procedures against retraumatization and provision of strength-based services. A wide variety of measures were used to assess the effectiveness of TIC interventions, with staff perceptions and safety management indicators being the most frequently used. In summary, the review indicates a positive trend in relation to the effectiveness of the interventions included in the study, with an improved functioning of beneficiaries, enhanced accessibility, and quality of services. However, the low quality and high heterogeneity of the studies make it difficult to draw conclusions with certainty. Therefore, the primary endeavor in TIC research is to provide more solid evidence. Partnerships between academic and community stakeholders will be of high value in this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child; Humans; Mental Health
PubMed: 36689374
DOI: 10.1037/ser0000737 -
International Journal of Bipolar... May 2024Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by changes in mood that alternate between (hypo) mania or depression and mixed states, often...
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by changes in mood that alternate between (hypo) mania or depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment and cognitive dysfunction. But little is known about biomarkers that contribute to the development and sustainment of cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to review the association between neurocognition and biomarkers across different mood states.
METHOD
Search databases were Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Studies were selected that focused on the correlation between neuroimaging, physiological, genetic or peripheral biomarkers and cognition in at least two phases of BD: depression, (hypo)mania, euthymia or mixed. PROSPERO Registration No.: CRD42023410782.
RESULTS
A total of 1824 references were screened, identifying 1023 published articles, of which 336 were considered eligible. Only 16 provided information on the association between biomarkers and cognition in the different affective states of BD. The included studies found: (i) Differences in levels of total cholesterol and C reactive protein depending on mood state; (ii) There is no association found between cognition and peripheral biomarkers; (iii) Neuroimaging biomarkers highlighted hypoactivation of frontal areas as distinctive of acute state of BD; (iv) A deactivation failure has been reported in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), potentially serving as a trait marker of BD.
CONCLUSION
Only a few recent articles have investigated biomarker-cognition associations in BD mood phases. Our findings underline that there appear to be central regions involved in BD that are observed in all mood states. However, there appear to be underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction that may vary across different mood states in BD. This review highlights the importance of standardizing the data and the assessment of cognition, as well as the need for biomarkers to help prevent acute symptomatic phases of the disease, and the associated functional and cognitive impairment.
PubMed: 38758506
DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00340-z