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Drug and Alcohol Dependence Sep 2023Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults are at elevated risk of problematic substance use. While understanding substance use disparities in TGD youth is crucial for... (Review)
Review
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults are at elevated risk of problematic substance use. While understanding substance use disparities in TGD youth is crucial for informing early preventions, there is no known synthesis of prevalence and correlates of substance use in TGD youth. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the prevalence and patterns of substance use in TGD youth, 2) identify and evaluate potential correlates of substance use, and 3) report the strengths and limitations of the current literature in recommendation of future steps. A PRISMA-guided systematic search was conducted to identify 55 studies that reported prevalence, patterns, or correlates of substance use in TGD youth aged 10-24 years; were published in the English language; and followed a quantitative design. Fifty-four (98.18%) studies examined prevalence and patterns, 23 (41.82%) examined correlates, and 12 (21.82%) examined moderators and mediators of substance use in TGD youth. Findings suggest TGD youth exhibit a moderate-to-high prevalence of recent substance use, including alcohol (23-31%), binge drinking (11-59%), cigarettes (10-59%), e-cigarettes (17-27%), and marijuana (17-46%). Additionally, results supported that greater victimization experiences, including those related and unrelated to being a gender minority, were associated with increased substance use risk. Few studies examined polysubstance use, resilience, and protective factors, or considered TGD subgroup differences, which we recommend in future research. Further, we recommend improving population-based surveys to better capture gender identity and related experiences.
Topics: Female; Male; Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Prevalence; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Ethanol
PubMed: 37480799
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110880 -
Social Work in Health Care 2023Individuals within the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) community who are diagnosed with cancer experience inequitable treatment in healthcare... (Review)
Review
Individuals within the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) community who are diagnosed with cancer experience inequitable treatment in healthcare systems worldwide, resulting in dissatisfaction, communication challenges with healthcare providers, and a deep sense of disappointment. Stigma, discrimination, and perceived homophobia further heighten the risk of psychological and attitudinal disorders, including depression and suicidal tendencies, among LGBTQ cancer patients. To comprehensively assess the discrimination faced by LGBTQ cancer patients and gain deeper insights into their needs and experiences, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We searched for relevant articles using specific keywords in reputable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. We rigorously evaluated article quality using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) checklist. From a total of 75 eligible studies, we carefully selected 14 studies, specifically examining LGBTQ cancer patients who were currently undergoing or had previously undergone cancer treatment. The studies revealed various factors, including unmet needs related to anxiety and depression, instances of discrimination, disparities in care, and inadequate support systems. A majority of patients expressed dissatisfaction with their cancer care and continued to encounter discrimination and disparities throughout their treatment journeys. Consequently, this led to heightened levels of anxiety, stress, depression, and negative perceptions of healthcare providers. Based on these findings, we recommend providing specialized training to social workers and healthcare providers. This training will equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge to deliver culturally sensitive care tailored to the unique needs of LGBTQ cancer patients. By addressing discrimination, reducing disparities, and fostering an inclusive environment, healthcare professionals can strive to ensure that LGBTQ cancer patients receive the care they deserve.
Topics: Female; Humans; Transgender Persons; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual Behavior; Gender Identity; Social Stigma; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37338823
DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2226182 -
Current HIV/AIDS Reports Aug 2023Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are diagnosed with HIV at disproportionate rates, and hazardous alcohol use can increase their HIV risk. This review... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are diagnosed with HIV at disproportionate rates, and hazardous alcohol use can increase their HIV risk. This review assessed the state of the literature examining interventions for addressing alcohol use and sexual HIV risk behaviors among SGM individuals.
RECENT FINDINGS
Fourteen manuscripts from 2012 to 2022 tested interventions that address both alcohol use and HIV risk behaviors among SGM populations, with only 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Virtually all the interventions targeted men who have sex with men, with none focused on transgender populations or cisgender women. While they demonstrated some evidence of effectiveness in reducing alcohol use and/or sexual risk, the outcomes varied widely between studies. More research is needed that tests interventions in this area, particularly for transgender individuals. The use of larger-scale RCTs with diverse populations and standardized outcome measures are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; HIV Infections; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual Behavior; Alcohol Drinking; Transgender Persons; Gender Identity
PubMed: 37225923
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00660-2 -
BMC Public Health Dec 2023Evidence from many parts of the world shows that sexual and gender minority (SGM) people have poorer health than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts. Minority... (Review)
Review
Health disparities in one of the world's most progressive countries: a scoping review of mental health and substance use among sexual and gender minority people in the Netherlands.
BACKGROUND
Evidence from many parts of the world shows that sexual and gender minority (SGM) people have poorer health than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts. Minority stressors, particularly stigma and discrimination, have been identified as major contributors to sexual orientation- and gender identity-related health disparities, particularly negative mental health and behavioral health outcomes. To better understand factors that contribute to these disparities, we conducted a scoping review of SGM mental health and substance use research in the Netherlands-a country with a long-standing reputation as a pioneer in SGM equality.
METHODS
Using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR protocol, we searched seven databases to identify studies published between 2010 and 2022 that focused on substance use and/or mental health of SGM youth and adults in the Netherlands.
RESULTS
Although there was some evidence that SGM people in the Netherlands report fewer substance use and mental health concerns than those in less progressive countries, with very few exceptions studies found poorer outcomes among SGM participants than cisgender, heterosexual participants. However, this observation must be considered cautiously given major gaps in the literature. For example, only one study focused exclusively on adult sexual minority women, two focused on older SGM adults, and very little attention was given to nonbinary individuals. Most studies used non-probability samples that were quite homogenous. Many studies, especially those with youth, assessed sexual orientation based on sexual attraction; some studies of adults operationalized SGM status as having a same-sex partner. Importantly, we found no studies that directly assessed associations between structural-level stigma and health outcomes. Studies were mostly focused at the individual level and on health problems; very little attention was given to strengths or resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings of persistent health disparities-despite the relatively long history of SGM supportive policies in the Netherlands-highlight the need for more research and greater attention to population groups that have been underrepresented. Such research would not only provide guidance on strategies to improve the health of SGM people in the Netherlands, but also in other countries that are seeking to reduce health inequities. Addressing SGM health disparities in the Netherlands and elsewhere is complex and requires a multifaceted approach that addresses individual, interpersonal and structural factors.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Male; Gender Identity; Mental Health; Netherlands; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38110908
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17466-x -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Oct 2023Sexual and dating violence (SDV) by male youth (≤ 25 years)-including sexual harassment, emotional partner violence, and rape-is a worldwide problem. The goal of...
Sexual and dating violence (SDV) by male youth (≤ 25 years)-including sexual harassment, emotional partner violence, and rape-is a worldwide problem. The goal of this preregistered (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022281220) systematic review was to map existing SDV prevention programs aimed at male youth, including their characteristics (e.g., content, intensity), intended psychosexual outcomes, and empirically demonstrated effectiveness, guided by the principles of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). We conducted searches in six online databases for published, peer-reviewed quantitative effectiveness studies on multi-session, group focused, and interaction based SDV prevention programs for male youth ending March 2022. After screening of 21,156 hits using PRISMA guidelines, 15 studies on 13 different programs, from four continents were included. Narrative analysis showed, first, broad ranges in program intensity (2-48 h total), and few program curricula included explicit discussion of relevant aspects of the TPB. Second, programs' main intended psychosexual outcomes were to change SDV experiences, or related attitudes, or norms. Third, significant effects were found mostly on longer term behaviors and short-term attitudes. Other theoretical proxies of SDV experiences, such as social norms and perceived behavioral control, were sparsely investigated; thus, program effectiveness on these outcomes remains largely unknown. Assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, moderate to serious risk of bias arose in all studies. We present concrete suggestions for program content, such as explicit attention to victimization and masculinity and discuss best practices for evaluation research, including assessments of program integrity, and examining relevant theoretical proxies of SDV.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Intimate Partner Violence; Rape; Sex Offenses; Violence; Sexual Harassment
PubMed: 37226034
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02596-5 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2024Scientific interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and any other sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression (LGBTQ+) bullying in educational... (Review)
Review
Scientific interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and any other sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression (LGBTQ+) bullying in educational settings has grown exponentially in recent years. However, the varied ways of measuring its occurrence and associated factors have made it difficult to achieve a holistic understanding of this problem. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to provide an updated overview of individual and contextual factors related to LGBTQ+ bullying over the past two decades, based on the measurement approach to this phenomenon. Studies published from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses strategy. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in a staggered process, and 111 articles met all the criteria. Studies focusing on LGBTQ+ bullying victimization or aggression were eligible for inclusion. Our analysis revealed LGBTQ+ bullying is usually examined by measures of general aggressions (47.8%) from the victims' perspective (87.3%). The best-represented factors across studies were individual characteristics (63.1%; = 70), especially participants' sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (68.5%). Boys/males, from a binary gender perspective, and sexual and gender minority youth in general, were more at risk of being targeted for LGBTQ+ bullying. Although contextual factors were far less well-represented, the results revealed that gay-straight alliances, anti-homophobia policies, and social support act as protective factors. This review highlights the need to analyze LGBTQ+ bullying considering the full spectrum of sexual and gender diversity, to examine in more detail its contextual risk/protective factors, and to design public policies and psychoeducational programs in order to address the low effectiveness of generic interventions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Bisexuality; Bullying; Gender Identity; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 37078578
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231165724 -
Journal of Homosexuality Nov 2023Recent research has found that older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) people have a negative attitude toward long term care services. To build upon...
Recent research has found that older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) people have a negative attitude toward long term care services. To build upon this, we conducted a systematic review analyzing current research into the LGBTQ+ communities' perspectives and experiences of care/nursing homes. Additionally, we sought to explore the attitudes of care/nursing home staff toward providing care for LGBTQ+ residents. To conduct this study, we used the databases Embase, Medline and Web of Science, which identified 19 articles for review. From this, we were able to draw several conclusions, including that LGBTQ+ participants were concerned that they would have to conceal their identity and experience abuse. Most staff had a positive attitude toward LGBTQ+ residents, but there were exceptions to this. Despite their positive attitude, staff often lacked awareness of LGBTQ+ issues. The results of this review suggest that care/nursing homes are not welcoming environments for sexual and gender minorities, and that staff require more training to support this community. We end with innovative suggestions to tackle these issues, such as designing coproduced services with the support of LGBTQ+ communities.
Topics: Female; Humans; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Attitude; Sexual Behavior; Gender Identity; Nursing Homes; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 35816357
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2086751 -
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical... Jan 2024Although researchers seek to understand psychological phenomena in a population, quantitative research studies are conducted in smaller samples meant to represent the...
Although researchers seek to understand psychological phenomena in a population, quantitative research studies are conducted in smaller samples meant to represent the larger population of interest. This systematic review and quantitative synthesis considers reporting of sociodemographic characteristics and sample composition in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (now the Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science) over the past 3 decades. Across k = 1,244 empirical studies, there were high and increasing rates of reporting of participant age/developmental stage and sex/gender, low but increasing reporting of socioeconomic status/income, and moderate and stable reporting of educational attainment. Rates of reporting of sexual orientation remained low and reporting of gender identity was essentially nonexistent. There were low to moderate but increasing rates of reporting of participant race and ethnicity. Approximately three-quarters of participants in studies over the past 3 decades were White, while the proportion of participants who were Asian, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or Hispanic/Latino was much lower. Approximately two-thirds of participants were female, with this proportion increasing over time. There were also notable differences in the proportion of study participants as a function of race and sex/gender for different forms of psychopathology. Basic science and theoretical psychopathology research must include sociodemographically diverse samples that are representative of and generalizable to the larger human population, while seeking to decrease stigma of psychopathology and increase mental health equity. Recommendations are made to increase sociodemographic diversity in psychopathology research and the scientific review/publication process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Gender Identity; Psychopathology; Academic Success; Alaska; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38147053
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000871 -
Manifestations and Reinforcement of Heteronormativity in the Workplace: A Systematic Scoping Review.Journal of Homosexuality Oct 2023This scoping review systematizes the evidence available to date on the manifestations of heteronormativity in the workplace. The reviewed literature shows that, at an...
This scoping review systematizes the evidence available to date on the manifestations of heteronormativity in the workplace. The reviewed literature shows that, at an organizational level, heteronormativity is reproduced in the configuration of space, organizational policies, and the monitoring of their accomplishment by leaders. At an interpersonal level, employees interact with others based on heterosexual presumptions, they reward what is aligned with heteronormativity, and censor what is not. Finally, individuals acting of their own volition may perform their gender in ways that strengthen the presumption of heterosexuality and communicate heteronormativity alignment. This review offers suggestions for future research in the field of heteronormativity in the workplace and includes theoretical and practical implications for the creation of inclusive organizations.
Topics: Humans; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Heterosexuality; Gender Identity; Workplace
PubMed: 35576124
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2074334 -
Autism : the International Journal of... Nov 2023Although exclusion of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic individuals from research is a long-standing issue, we have yet to determine how exclusion impacts... (Review)
Review
Although exclusion of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic individuals from research is a long-standing issue, we have yet to determine how exclusion impacts areas of autism research important for identifying language impairment. Diagnosis depends on the quality of the evidence (i.e. research) and is often the pathway to gaining access to services. As a first step, we examined how research studies related to language impairment in school-age autistic individuals report participant socio-demographics. We analyzed reports using age-referenced assessments in English ( = 60), which are commonly used by both practitioners and researchers to diagnose or identify language impairment. Findings showed only 28% of studies reported information on race and ethnicity; in these studies, most (at least 77%) of the participants were white. In addition, only 56% of studies reported gender or sex specified what they were reporting (gender, sex, or gender identity). Just 17% reported socio-economic status using multiple indicators. Altogether, findings indicate broad issues with underreporting and exclusion of racially and ethnically minoritized individuals, which might overlay with other aspects of identity including socio-economic status. It is impossible to determine the extent and precise nature of exclusion without intersectional reporting. To ensure that language in autism research is representative of the autistic population, future research must implement reporting guidelines and broaden inclusion of who participates in research studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Autistic Disorder; Gender Identity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Language; Language Development Disorders
PubMed: 37157821
DOI: 10.1177/13623613231166749