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Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Dec 2023Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for eligible articles published from inception to April 26, 2023, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to examine whether and to what extent FER would differ between people with BD and those with other mental disorders. Thirty-three studies comparing 1506 BD patients with 1973 clinical controls were included in the present systematic review, and twenty-six of them were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses exploring the discrepancies in discriminating or identifying emotional stimuli at a general and specific level. Individuals with BD were more accurate in identifying each type of emotion during a FER task compared to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) (SMD = 0.27; p-value = 0.006), with specific differences in the perception of anger (SMD = 0.46; p-value = 1.19e-06), fear (SMD = 0.38; p-value = 8.2e-04), and sadness (SMD = 0.33; p-value = 0.026). In contrast, BD patients were less accurate than individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in identifying each type of emotion (SMD = -0.24; p-value = 0.014), but these differences were more specific for sad emotional stimuli (SMD = -0.31; p-value = 0.009). No significant differences were observed when BD was compared with children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. FER emerges as a potential integrative instrument for guiding diagnosis by enabling discrimination between BD and SCZ or MDD. Enhancing the standardization of adopted tasks could further enhance the accuracy of this tool, leveraging FER potential as a therapeutic target.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Facial Recognition; Emotions; Anger
PubMed: 37625644
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110847 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Apr 2024The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of several mainstream therapies, including phototherapy, antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of several mainstream therapies, including phototherapy, antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and negative ion generators, in the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and WOS databases was conducted from January 1975 to December 3, 2022. Randomized controlled trials meeting predefined selection criteria for the treatment of SAD using mainstream therapeutic approaches were identified. After reviewing abstracts, data were synthesized and categorized based on the type of intervention and the targeted disorder.
RESULTS
A total of 21 randomized controlled trials, involving 1037 participants, were included. The standardized mean difference of depression scores and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to assess the efficacy of phototherapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder. The meta-analysis revealed that phototherapy was significantly more effective than other intervention groups or control therapies, with an effect size of 4.64(2.38,7.03). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that no factors could explain the significant heterogeneity observed. Phototherapy exhibited statistically significant mild to moderate therapeutic effects in alleviating depressive symptoms and can be considered as a clinical therapy for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. However, the quality of evidence remains low, and further well-designed, larger sample size, and high-quality studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of phototherapy in treating Seasonal Affective Disorder.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bright light therapy is a promising first-line non-pharmacological treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), showing significant improvement in mood symptoms compared to placebo. The findings support the use of bright light therapy as an effective and well-tolerated intervention for SAD. However, further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of different treatment approaches for SAD.
Topics: Humans; Seasonal Affective Disorder; Network Meta-Analysis; Phototherapy; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38220102
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.028 -
Cureus Dec 2023Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries for treatment. In order to achieve best results,... (Review)
Review
The Role of Oral Probiotics in Alleviating Inflammation, Symptom Relief, and Postoperative Recurrence and Their Side Effects in Adults With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries for treatment. In order to achieve best results, probiotics are being used even though their efficacy is still debatable. This systematic review analyzes the safety and efficacy of several probiotics in CD. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect are the databases searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), animal studies, in vitro studies, and reviews. After quality appraisal and cross checking the literature, this systematic review is carried out grounded on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. A study of 16 papers in total which include nearly 2023 subjects showed that only very few probiotics are efficient in furnishing remission in CD complaints. Kefir, an inexpensive fermented milk product, significantly reduced the inflammation and drastically bettered the quality of life and hence can be considered as an asset for CD patients. , , , and can control diarrhea in patients of 22-54-year age group and improve cognitive reactivity in sad mood with short-term consumption. VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States) has good efficacy in precluding recurrence and easing side effects after ileocecal resection in adults. Animal models and lab studies have proved that , (), few strains of , spp., , , and especially are significant enough to ameliorate the disease condition. In conclusion, probiotics are safe in CD with very few modifiable side effects. Some probiotics are proven to be significant in animal and lab studies; hence, these should be studied in human RCTs, to check their efficiency in human beings. There are limited observational and interventional studies in this regard. Large population-sizes trials are highly demanded in the areas of prognosticated positive results that are mentioned in this systematic review.
PubMed: 38259373
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50901 -
Molecular Psychiatry Mar 2024Although network analysis studies of psychiatric syndromes have increased in recent years, most have emphasized centrality symptoms and robust edges. Broadening the...
BACKGROUND
Although network analysis studies of psychiatric syndromes have increased in recent years, most have emphasized centrality symptoms and robust edges. Broadening the focus to include bridge symptoms within a systematic review could help to elucidate symptoms having the strongest links in network models of psychiatric syndromes. We conducted this systematic review and statistical evaluation of network analyses on depressive and anxiety symptoms to identify the most central symptoms and bridge symptoms, as well as the most robust edge indices of networks.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from their inception to May 25, 2022. To determine the most influential symptoms and connections, we analyzed centrality and bridge centrality rankings and aggregated the most robust symptom connections into a summary network. After determining the most central symptoms and bridge symptoms across network models, heterogeneity across studies was examined using linear logistic regression.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies with 78,721 participants were included in this systematic review. Seventeen studies with 23 cross-sectional networks based on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) assessments of clinical and community samples were examined using centrality scores. Twelve cross-sectional networks based on the PHQ and GAD-7 assessments were examined using bridge centrality scores. We found substantial variability between study samples and network features. 'Sad mood', 'Uncontrollable worry', and 'Worrying too much' were the most central symptoms, while 'Sad mood', 'Restlessness', and 'Motor disturbance' were the most frequent bridge centrality symptoms. In addition, the connection between 'Sleep' and 'Fatigue' was the most frequent edge for the depressive and anxiety symptoms network model.
CONCLUSION
Central symptoms, bridge symptoms and robust edges identified in this systematic review can be viewed as potential intervention targets. We also identified gaps in the literature and future directions for network analysis of comorbid depression and anxiety.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female
PubMed: 38238548
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02369-5 -
Cureus Sep 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological ailments. With diverse motor affectations (postural instability, resting tremor, bradykinesia, and... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological ailments. With diverse motor affectations (postural instability, resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity), people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) have a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms. These include autonomic function changes, cognitive deterioration, neuropsychiatric difficulties, and sleep interruptions. Psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and sadness, are common among PwP. This discomfort is often accompanied by a decrease in general functioning, both at work and in social contacts. Furthermore, people who are experiencing psychological distress have a quick decrease in both physical and cognitive capacities. Furthermore, Pwp who also suffer from anxiety and depression are more likely to acquire dementia. It is worth noting that studies have shown good outcomes in the treatment of physical disabilities in PWP and the various therapeutics available for each affected body part, such as in the legs when they have walking problems, resting tremor in their hands, or micrography, which is a common symptom in these patients. The medical research databases PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were used to look for relevant materials. Upon meticulous scrutiny, a thorough investigation was conducted on the papers at hand. A total of 10 publications were meticulously selected based on stringent qualifying criteria. The present investigation examines various perspectives regarding the physical rehabilitation of individuals diagnosed with PD. The majority of therapeutic interventions employed revolve around cutting-edge technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), combined with exercise regimens. These interventions have demonstrated notable statistical significance in terms of enhancing various physical aspects, including endurance, performance, gait capacity, perception, and overall independence in daily life activities. One of the gathered studies makes use of the therapeutic benefits of yoga to help PwP deal with their anxiety and improve their mental health. Based on the aforementioned information, further investigation is required to ascertain the optimal approach for physical rehabilitation management and develop diverse strategies aimed at assisting individuals with PD in attaining physical autonomy.
PubMed: 37809151
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44739 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Oct 2023The results of this study included the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women with ovarian cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The results of this study included the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women with ovarian cancer.
METHODS
A thorough search of numerous databases, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycoInfo, was conducted to identify relevant cross-sectional studies published between July 2013 and October 2021. STATA 16 was used to analyses the data, and a random effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and a 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
RESULTS
Of the 18 cross-sectional studies reviewed, 17 reported the prevalence of anxiety and 16 reported the prevalence of depression in patients with ovarian cancer. There was a moderate degree of heterogeneity between studies, as the pooled prevalence of depression was 27% (95%CI: 14%-41%; I2=69.44%). Similarly, there was a greater degree of heterogeneity in the pooled prevalence of anxiety, which was found to be 33% (95%CI: 21%-44%; I2=78.55%).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study show that, compared to the overall female population, ovarian cancer patients have much greater rates of sadness and anxiety. These results highlight the necessity for healthcare policymakers to prioritize the provision of resources and support for carrying out additional research, such as longitudinal studies or cohorts, to ascertain the efficacy of various treatments or interventions intended to lessen mental health disorders in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Healthcare practitioners can enhance the general wellbeing and quality of life for women with this disease by addressing the psychological components of care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Prevalence; Anxiety; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 37898834
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.10.3315 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mar 2024This systematic review and a meta-analysis synthesised the results from contemporary, randomized and non-randomized controlled studies to assess lasting (one week... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Who are you after psychedelics? A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the magnitude of long-term effects of serotonergic psychedelics on cognition/creativity, emotional processing and personality.
This systematic review and a meta-analysis synthesised the results from contemporary, randomized and non-randomized controlled studies to assess lasting (one week minimum) changes on cognition/creativity, emotional processing and personality from serotonergic psychedelics. PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo were searched in July 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using Rob 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria which involved 304 participants. No statistically significant effects were found for the majority outcome measures across the three constructs. A meta-analysis of emotional recognition outcomes found an overall significant effect for faster reaction times in the active treatment groups for disgust (SMD=-0.63, 95% CI=[-1.01 to -0.25], I2 = 65%) and sadness (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI=[-0.85 to -0.06], I2 = 60%). Future research should include larger samples, better control conditions, standardized doses and longer follow-up periods to confirm these preliminary findings.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Cognition; Personality; Emotions
PubMed: 38311046
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105570 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2024To systematically investigate how youth with lived experience report their experience of depression in terms of features of depression and in relation to themselves and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically investigate how youth with lived experience report their experience of depression in terms of features of depression and in relation to themselves and their environment.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review of qualitative research around the world that explored the subjective experience of depression among youth (age range, 10-24 years) who had self-reported, screened positive for, or received a formal diagnosis of the disorder. We used multiple databases to search for relevant studies published in any language up until March 2023. Studies were coded regarding features of depression reported by adolescents. We also used thematic synthesis to extract and synthesize descriptions of the lived experience of depression, and to develop analytic themes. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021218300.
RESULTS
We identified a total of 23,424 unique records, and included 39 studies in the final review, representing the views of 884 adolescents with lived experience of depression. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries (72.8%), and the majority of participants were female (65%). The most frequently reported features of depression were sadness (present in 92.3% of the studies), social withdrawal (76.9%), and loneliness (69.2%). In addition, we constructed 3 themes that aimed to synthesize youths' accounts of their perceptions and experiences of depression: (1) making sense; (2) factoring in culture and contextual influences; and (3) accessing support and care.
CONCLUSION
Some of the more commonly reported features of depression among youth are not explicitly included in the DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria but are highly relevant and closely connected to the experiences of adolescents. Moreover, contextual interpretations of depression may be more sensitive to capture representations and narratives of depression among youth. Thus, incorporating features of depression reported by adolescents could potentially increase accuracy of detection, promote collaborative work, and enhance therapeutic and care outcomes.
STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION
The lived experience of depression in adolescence: a systematic review of the qualitative literature; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021218300.
PubMed: 38340896
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.11.013 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023While vaccines have played a pivotal role in the fight against infectious diseases, individuals engage in online resources to find vaccine-related support and... (Review)
Review
While vaccines have played a pivotal role in the fight against infectious diseases, individuals engage in online resources to find vaccine-related support and information. The benefits and consequences of these online peers are unclear and mainly cause a behavioral shift in user sentiment toward vaccination. This scoping review aims to identify the community and individual factors that longitudinally influence public behavior toward vaccination. The secondary aim is to gain insight into techniques and methodologies used to extract these factors from Twitter data. We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines to search various online repositories. From this search process, a total of 28 most relevant articles out of 705 relevant studies. Three main themes emerged including individual and community factors influencing public attitude toward vaccination, and techniques employed to identify these factors. Anti-vax, Pro-vax, and neutral are the major communities, while misinformation, vaccine campaign, and user demographics are the common individual factors assessed during this reviewing process. Twitter user sentiment (positive, negative, and neutral) and emotions (fear, trust, sadness) were also discussed to identify the intentions to accept or refuse vaccines. SVM, LDA, BERT are the techniques used for topic modeling, while Louvain, NodeXL, and Infomap algorithms are used for community detection. This research is notable for being the first systematic review that emphasizes the dearth of longitudinal studies and the methodological and underlying practical constraints underpinning the lucrative implementation of an explainable and longitudinal behavior analysis system. Moreover, new possible research directions are suggested for the researchers to perform accurate human behavior analysis.
Topics: Humans; Vaccination Hesitancy; Social Media; Trust; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 37981842
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2278377 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2024In this systematic review (SR), the authors aimed to identify the possible impact of the social restriction imposed by the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review (SR), the authors aimed to identify the possible impact of the social restriction imposed by the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on children/adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
DATA SOURCES
This SR was registered on PROSPERO CRD42021255569. Eligible articles were selected from PubMed, Embase, and LILACS, according to the following characteristics: ADHD patients < 18 years old, exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the outcomes, medications, relationships, sleep, media use, remote learning, and comorbidities such as depression/sadness, inattention, anxiety, and irritability/aggressiveness. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies was used to assess methodological quality and the risk of bias.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Of the 222 articles identified, 27 were included, with information on 7,235 patients. Most studies (n = 22) were cross-sectional and received a mean NOS 4.63/10 followed by longitudinal (n = 4) with 3.75/8 points and case-control (n = 1), with 3/9 points. The pandemic affected patients' access to treatment, behavior, and sleep. Difficulties in remote learning and increased use of social media were described, as well as significant and positive changes in relationships with family and peers.
CONCLUSION
Although the studies were heterogeneous, they indicated that the pandemic-related issues experienced by patients with ADHD were mostly manifested affecting their behavior and sleep patterns.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; COVID-19; Pandemics; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 37640234
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.06.003