-
International Journal of Audiology Sep 2023To investigate the implications of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the peripheral auditory system, a systematic survey of the scientific literature was conducted. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the implications of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the peripheral auditory system, a systematic survey of the scientific literature was conducted.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
STUDY SAMPLE
An electronic search of the non-gray literature in the last decade was conducted using the digital databases MEDLINE® (PubMed interface), LILACS® (Virtual Health Library), Web of Science® (CAPES publications portal), and SciELO®. Studies addressing peripheral auditory function as part of the range of nonmotor PD symptoms were selected for analysis.
RESULTS
Pure tone audiometry data suggested that sensorineural hearing loss was more severe in the PD population than in the control groups. The effects of PD on cochlear function were evidenced by a decrease in the levels of otoacoustic emissions.
CONCLUSIONS
Sensorineural hearing loss and cochlear impairment are more severe in the PD population than in the control groups. Additional studies are recommended to further understand the characteristics of the peripheral auditory system in PD patients, which constitutes an emerging subject in the scientific literature.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Cochlea; Audiometry, Pure-Tone
PubMed: 35980314
DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2109073 -
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and... Nov 2023Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are... (Review)
Review
Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are met globally due to a lack of high-quality grafts. In light of this global health disaster, researchers are developing corneal substitutes that can resemble the human cornea and replace human donor tissue. Thus, this review examines ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases) inhibitors as a potential corneal wound-healing (CWH) therapy by reviewing the existing clinical and nonclinical findings. The systematic review was done from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for CWH, corneal injury, corneal endothelial wound healing, ROCK inhibitors, Fasudil, Netarsudil, Ripasudil, Y-27632, clinical trial, clinical study, case series, case reports, preclinical study, , and studies. After removing duplicates, all downloaded articles were examined. The literature search included the data till January 2023. This review summarized the results of ROCK inhibitors in clinical and preclinical trials. In a clinical trial, various ROCK inhibitors improved CWH in individuals with open-angle glaucoma, cataract, iris cyst, ocular hypertension, and other ocular diseases. ROCK inhibitors also improved ocular wound healing by increasing cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and . ROCK inhibitors have antifibrotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic characteristics in CWH, according to the existing research. ROCK inhibitors were effective topical treatments for corneal infections. Ripasudil, Y-27632, H-1152, Y-39983, and AMA0526 are a few new ROCK inhibitors that may help CWH and replace human donor tissue.
Topics: Humans; Endothelium, Corneal; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Corneal Injuries; Corneal Transplantation; rho-Associated Kinases
PubMed: 37738326
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0040 -
International Health Nov 2023Trachomatous trichiasis is the potential stage of trachoma in which the eyelashes scratch the surface of the globe, ultimately causing corneal opacity, visual impairment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Trachomatous trichiasis is the potential stage of trachoma in which the eyelashes scratch the surface of the globe, ultimately causing corneal opacity, visual impairment and blindness. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to obtain the pooled prevalence and associated factors of postoperative trachomatous trichiasis (PTT) in World Health Organization (WHO) trachoma-endemic regions.
METHODS
An inclusive literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases from 30 May 2022 to 28 June 2022. I2 statistics and funnel plots were used to determine heterogeneity and publication bias among included studies. A random effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence, incidence and odds ratios (ORs) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULTS
Eighteen articles were included in this meta-analysis and systematic review. The pooled prevalence of PTT was 19% (range 18-21). PTT was lower among young adults compared with old adults (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.44 to 0.92]), single-dose oral azithromycin as compared with tetracycline eye ointment users (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69 to 0.99]) and minor trichiasis before surgery as compared with major trichiasis (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.47 to 0.85]).
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of PTT was higher than the WHO's recommendation. Prescribing single-dose oral azithromycin after surgery, periodic training for trichiasis surgeons, close follow-up and health education after surgery are crucial to minimize the recurrence.Study protocol registration on PROSPERO: CRD42022336003.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Trichiasis; Trachoma; Azithromycin; Eyelashes; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36852770
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad014 -
Molecular Psychiatry Feb 2024Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study aims to reveal the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) in retinal parameters on OCT and ERG among participants with SSDs and healthy controls and their association with demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
METHODS
Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PSYNDEX, we searched the literature from inception to March 31, 2023, using specific search terms. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202235795) and conducted according to PRISMA 2020.
RESULTS
We included 65 studies in the systematic review and 44 in the meta-analysis. Participants with SSDs showed thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer- inner plexiform cell layer, and retinal thickness in all other segments of the macula. A meta-analysis of studies that excluded SSD participants with diabetes and hypertension showed no change in results, except for pRNFL inferior and nasal thickness. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the pooled SMD of pRNFL temporal thickness between the left and right eyes. Meta-regression analysis revealed an association between retinal thinning and duration of illness, positive and negative symptoms. In OCT angiography, no differences were found in the foveal avascular zone and superficial layer foveal vessel density between SSD participants and controls. In flash ERG, the meta-analysis showed reduced amplitude of both a- and b-waves under photopic and scotopic conditions in SSD participants. Furthermore, the latency of photopic a-wave was significantly shorter in SSD participants in comparison with HCs.
DISCUSSION
Considering the prior report of retinal thinning in unaffected first-degree relatives and the results of the meta-analysis, the findings suggest that retinal changes in SSDs have both trait and state aspects. Future longitudinal multimodal retinal imaging studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes and to clarify their utility in individual patient monitoring efforts.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Electroretinography; Schizophrenia; Retina; Biomarkers; Male; Adult; Female; Nerve Fibers
PubMed: 38081943
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02340-4 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aug 2023Eyebrow position affects human facial expression and aesthetic appearance. However, upper-eyelid surgeries may cause brow position changes and affect the function and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Eyebrow position affects human facial expression and aesthetic appearance. However, upper-eyelid surgeries may cause brow position changes and affect the function and aesthetics of the eyebrow. The purpose of this review was to assess the influence of upper-eyelid surgeries on brow position and morphology.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for clinical trials and observational studies published between 1992 and 2022. The brow height from the center of the pupil is analyzed to show the brow height change. The change in brow morphology is measured by the change in brow height from the lateral palpebral and the medial palpebral. Studies are further divided into subgroups according to different surgical techniques, author locations, and whether to conduct skin excision.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies and 13 groups were included in the meta-analysis, indicating that brow height decreased significantly after upper-eyelid surgeries (MD = 1.45, 95% CI [0.87, 2.07], P < 0.0001), and simple blepharoplasty, double-eyelid surgery, and ptosis correction can cause the brow position to drop by 0.67, 2.52, and 2.10 mm, respectively. East Asian authors group had a significant decrease in brow height compared with the non-East Asian authors group (28 groups, p = 0.001). Skin excision during blepharoplasty does not affect brow height.
CONCLUSIONS
Brow position changes significantly following upper blepharoplasty according to the decrease in brow-pupil distance. The morphology of the brow showed no significant postoperative change. Different techniques and authors locations may result in different levels of postoperative brow descent.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Humans; Blepharoplasty; Retrospective Studies; Eyelids; Blepharoptosis; Eyebrows
PubMed: 36890345
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03288-0 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2023A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the success and complications of endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy (ELDCR) vs. external... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the success and complications of endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy (ELDCR) vs. external dacryocystorhinostomy (ExDCR) in primarily acquired nasal duct obstruction. The search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases revealed 109 studies on ELDCR and ExDCR. Eleven studies were found to be suitable for review. The primary objective was to compare the success rate between ELDCR and ExDCR. The secondary objectives were to analyze the surgical time, overall complications, bleeding, infection, intranasal synechia, and granulation tissue. Pooled analysis of all studies revealed that ELDCR had a significantly lesser success rate compared to ExDCR (80.3% vs. 91.6%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.27, 0.62]; P < 00001; I = 13%). However, there were no difference in the overall complication rate (12.0% vs. 13.0%; OR 1.04; 95% CI [0.17, 6.33]; P = 0.97, I = 80%) and intranasal synechiae (9.5% vs. 4.3%; OR 2.22 [1.04, 4.72]; P = 0.04; I = 10%). The ExDCR group had significantly increased risks of bleeding (1.9% vs. 13.0%; OR 0.20; 95% CI [0.09, 0.47]; P = 0.0002; I = 0%) and infection (0.3% vs. 4.6%; OR 0.09; 95%CI [0.02, 0.51]; P = 0.006; I = 0%). Nevertheless, ELDCR needed a shorter surgical time compared to ExDCR (mean difference [MD] -28.35, 95% CI [-35.45, -21.26], P < 0.00001, I = 78%). Although ELDCR is associated with lesser bleeding, lesser infection, and shorter surgical duration, the success rate of ExDCR is higher.
Topics: Humans; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Lasers; Time Factors; Endoscopy; Treatment Outcome; Nasolacrimal Duct; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
PubMed: 37787224
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3334_22 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2024Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most structurally and functionally diverse neuron type in the retina. Different ACs have distinct functions, such as neuropeptide secretion... (Review)
Review
Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most structurally and functionally diverse neuron type in the retina. Different ACs have distinct functions, such as neuropeptide secretion and inhibitory connection. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) -ergic -ACs are retina gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -ergic -ACs that were discovered long ago. They secrete VIP and form connections with bipolar cells (BCs), other ACs, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). They have a specific structure, density, distribution, and function. They play an important role in myopia, light stimulated responses, retinal vascular disease and other ocular diseases. Their significance in the study of refractive development and disease is increasing daily. However, a systematic review of the structure and function of retinal VIP-ACs is lacking. We discussed the detailed characteristics of VIP-ACs from every aspect across species and providing systematic knowledge base for future studies. Our review led to the main conclusion that retinal VIP-ACs develop early, and although their morphology and distribution across species are not the same, they have similar functions in a wide range of ocular diseases based on their function of secreting neuropeptides and forming inhibitory connections with other cells.
Topics: Humans; Amacrine Cells; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 38066110
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02844-x -
BMC Ophthalmology Nov 2023To evaluate the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with retinal pigment epithelial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative efficacy of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration with retinal pigment epithelial detachment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED).
METHODS
Systematic review identifying studies comparing intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) and intravitreal conbercept (IVC) published before Mar 2022.
RESULTS
One randomized controlled trial and 6 observational studies were selected for meta-analysis (1,069 patients). The change of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in IVA 2.0 mg group was better than IVR 0.5 mg (average difference 0.07) and IVR 2.0 mg (average difference 0.10), the differences were statistically significant. The change of the height of PED in IVA 2.0 group was better than IVR 0.5 group (average difference 45.30), the difference was statistically significant. The proportion of patients without PED at last visit in IVA 2.0 group were better than those in IVR 2.0 group (hazard ratio 1.91), the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference compared with IVR 0.5 group (hazard ratio 1.45). IVA required fewer injections than IVR, with a mean difference of -1.58.
CONCLUSIONS
IVA appears to be superior to IVR in improvement of BCVA, height decrease of PED and regression of PED with less injections in nAMD with PED.
Topics: Humans; Ranibizumab; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Retinal Detachment; Network Meta-Analysis; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Retrospective Studies; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 37990182
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03214-7 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Jul 2024To assess and compare the success rate (SR) of probing and intubation in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To assess and compare the success rate (SR) of probing and intubation in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).
METHODS
We conducted a literature search for identifying relevant studies published in English using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from the date of inception to Feb 2023. After extracting data, the SR was compared between the study groups: simple and complex CNLDO. To compare the treatment outcome, the mean difference of the SR was considered as the effect size. Random effects model or fixed effects model were performed for statistical inferences.
RESULTS
A total of 21 studies were eligible to be analyzed. The pooled SR of treatment was 88% in simple, and 57% in complex CNLDO. Exerting intubation in increased the SR from 87% (SR of probing) to 92% in simple CNLDO which was not significant. However, compared to probing, intubation has a significantly higher SR in complex CNLDO (46 to 82%). While the SR of probing was significantly lower in complex CNLDO, the difference between the SR of intubation was not significant between groups. Although increasing the age does not have an adverse effect on the SR in simple CNDLO, it causes a significant decrease in the SR of complex group.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that even though the addition of NLD intubation does not provide significant benefits beyond probing alone for patients with simple CNLDO, in children with complex CNLDO, NLD intubation should be considered as a primary treatment due to its substantial increase in surgical success rates. Delaying the treatment would increase its success in patients with complex but not the simple CNLDO.
Topics: Humans; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Nasolacrimal Duct; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Intubation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38059998
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06318-4 -
Translational Vision Science &... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy alone or combined with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy alone or combined with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of trabeculectomy alone or combined with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. We searched four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) up to January 2023 and extracted data on three surgical outcomes: postoperative intraocular pressure, success rate and complications. We used a random-effects model to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed publication bias using Begg and Egger tests.
RESULTS
We included seven studies with 353 eyes. Compared to trabeculectomy alone, trabeculectomy with anti-VEGF had a lower risk of postoperative complications (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.89) and higher success rate (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40). The intraocular pressure reduction was significantly greater in the trabeculectomy with anti-VEGF augmentation group than the trabeculectomy group from 1 week (SMD, -1.36; 95% CI, -2.76 to 0.04) to 6 months (SMD, -0.79; 95% CI, -1.50 to -0.07) after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
According to current evidence, adding intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents to trabeculectomy may improve the short time outcomes of patients with neovascular glaucoma.
Topics: Humans; Trabeculectomy; Glaucoma, Neovascular; Eye; Tonometry, Ocular; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 37728893
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.9.12