-
The Journal of School Health Oct 2023The System of Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) has assisted in providing valid and reliable data of youth physical activity and characteristics... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The System of Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) has assisted in providing valid and reliable data of youth physical activity and characteristics specific to environmental contexts. The review aimed to examine empirical research that employed the SOPLAY instrument to measure physical activity in leisure-based activity environments in North American countries.
METHODS
The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A systematic search was conducted with an exhaustive process using 10 electronic databases to locate peer-reviewed studies implementing SOPLAY that were published between 2000 and 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 60 studies were included in the review. Most studies (n = 35) reported physical activity findings related to contextual characteristics measured using SOPLAY. Interestingly, a few of the studies (n = 8) found the provision of equipment and supervision, particularly adult supervision, significantly increased child physical activity observed.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides information relative to the group-level physical activity observed across multiple contexts (ie, playgrounds, parks, recreation centers) using a validated direct observation instrument.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Motor Activity; Canada; Leisure Activities; Exercise; Observation
PubMed: 37340586
DOI: 10.1111/josh.13345 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Dec 2023Early diagnosis and appropriate management of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is critical for preventing poor outcomes and minimizing health care burden.... (Review)
Review
Consensus statement: An evidence-based review of exercise, rehabilitation, rest, and return to activity protocols for the treatment of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury.
BACKGROUND
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is critical for preventing poor outcomes and minimizing health care burden. Current clinical guidelines for concussion management focus mostly on diagnosis and return to cognitive and physical activity but provide limited guidance on the use of specific therapeutic interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the available evidence on therapeutic interventions for concussion/mTBI and develop an evidence-based consensus statement on the use of these interventions in clinical practice.
LITERATURE SURVEY
A systematic literature search was performed first in 2018 and 2019, and again in 2022, to identify relevant original research on these interventions. A total of 6303 articles were retrieved through the systematic literature search and screened for inclusion. Eighty articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review and consensus process.
METHODOLOGY
A multispecialty panel was convened to explore management of concussion/mTBI. Interventions evaluated included rest, exercise, rehabilitation, and return to activity (RTA) protocols. Studies were assessed for relevance and methodologic quality and were voted upon to develop an evidence-based consensus statement on the therapeutic appropriateness of these interventions for concussion/mTBI. A meta-analysis was not performed.
SYNTHESIS
There was sufficient evidence to recommend exercise as an appropriate therapy for adolescents with acute concussion/mTBI. In other age groups and for other therapeutic modalities, although some studies demonstrated benefits for some of the interventions, mixed results and study limitations prevented the panel from drawing firm conclusions on the efficacy of those interventions. The panel found evidence of detrimental effects from strict rest and high-intensity physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The panel recommended exercise as an appropriate therapy for acute concussion in adolescents. The evidence on other therapeutic interventions for concussion/mTBI remains limited to small randomized controlled trials and observational studies of moderate to low quality. The panel found no strong evidence to support or recommend against the other evaluated interventions but found most interventions to be safe when used judiciously and in consideration of individual patient needs. High-quality randomized studies with sufficient power are needed to evaluate the effects of rest, rehabilitation, and RTA protocols for the management of concussion/mTBI.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Brain Concussion; Exercise; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37794736
DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13070 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Mar 2024Burnout is a multidimensional psychological syndrome that arises from chronic workplace stress. Health care workers (HCWs), who operate in physically and emotionally...
BACKGROUND
Burnout is a multidimensional psychological syndrome that arises from chronic workplace stress. Health care workers (HCWs), who operate in physically and emotionally exhausting work contexts, constitute a vulnerable group. This, coupled with its subsequent impact on patients and public economic resources, makes burnout a significant public health concern. Various self-care practices have been suggested to have a positive effect on burnout among HCWs. Of these, physical activity stands out for its ability to combine psychological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms. In fact, it promotes psychological detachment from work and increases self-efficacy by inhibiting neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, increasing endorphin levels, enhancing mitochondrial function, and attenuating the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the evidence on the association between physical activity and burnout among HCWs.
METHODS
We considered HCWs, physical activity, and burnout, framing them as population, exposure, and outcome, respectively. We searched APA PsycArticles, MEDLINE, and Scopus until July 2022. We extracted relevant data on study design, methods to measure exposure and outcome, and statistical approaches.
RESULTS
Our analysis encompassed 21 independent studies. Although 10% (2/21) of the studies explicitly focused on physical activity, the remaining investigations were exploratory in nature and examined various predictors, including physical activity. The most commonly used questionnaire was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Owing to the heterogeneity in definitions and cutoffs used, the reported prevalence of burnout varied widely, ranging from 7% to 83%. Heterogeneity was also observed in the measurement tools used to assess physical activity, with objective measures rarely used. In total, 14% (3/21) of the studies used structured questionnaires to assess different types of exercise, whereas most studies (18/21, 86%) only recorded the attainment of a benchmark or reported the frequency, intensity, or duration of exercise. The reported prevalence of physically active HCWs ranged from 44% to 87%. The analyses, through a variety of inferential approaches, indicated that physical activity is often associated with a reduced risk of burnout, particularly in the domains of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Furthermore, we compiled and classified a list of factors associated with burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
Our comprehensive overview of studies investigating the association between physical activity and burnout in HCWs revealed significant heterogeneity in definitions, measurements, and analyses adopted in the literature. To address this issue, it is crucial to adopt a clear definition of physical activity and make thoughtful choices regarding measurement tools and methodologies for data analysis. Our considerations regarding the measurement of burnout and the comprehensive list of associated factors have the potential to improve future studies aimed at informing decision-makers, thus laying the foundation for more effective management measures to address burnout.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Health Personnel; Psychological Tests; Self Report; Burnout, Professional
PubMed: 38498040
DOI: 10.2196/49772 -
JMIR MHealth and UHealth Jul 2023Increasingly, parents use child health promotion apps to find health information. An overview of child health promotion apps for parents currently does not exist. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Increasingly, parents use child health promotion apps to find health information. An overview of child health promotion apps for parents currently does not exist. The scope of child health topics addressed by parent apps is thus needed, including how they are evaluated.
OBJECTIVE
This scoping review aims to describe existing reported mobile health (mHealth) parent apps of middle- to high-income countries that promote child health. The focus centers on apps developed in the last 5 years, showing how the reported apps are evaluated, and listing reported outcomes found.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) guidelines to identify parent apps or web-based programs on child health promotion published between January 2016 and June 2021 in 5 databases: PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Separate sources were sought through an expert network. Included studies were summarized and analyzed through a systematic and descriptive content analysis, including keywords, year of publication, country of origin, aims/purpose, study population/sample size, intervention type, methodology/method(s), broad topic(s), evaluation, and study outcomes.
RESULTS
In total, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria from 1040 database and 60 expert-identified studies. Keywords reflected the health topics and app foci. About 64% (25/39) of included studies were published after 2019 and most stemmed from the United States, Australian, and European-based research. Studies aimed to review or evaluate apps or conducted app-based study interventions. The number of participants ranged from 7 to 1200. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Interventions included 28 primary studies, 6 app feasibility studies, and 5 app or literature reviews. Eight separate topics were found: parental feeding and nutrition, physical activity, maternal-child health, parent-child health, healthy environment, dental health, mental health, and sleep. Study intervention evaluations cited behavior change theories in 26 studies and evaluations were carried out with a variety of topic-specific, adapted, self-developed, or validated questionnaires and evaluation tools. To evaluate apps, user input and qualitative evaluations were often combined with surveys and frequently rated with the Mobile App Rating Scale. Outcomes reported some positive effects, while several intervention studies saw no effect at all. Effectively evaluating changes in behavior through apps, recruiting target groups, and retaining app engagement were challenges cited.
CONCLUSIONS
New parents are a key target group for child health apps, but evaluating child health promotion apps remains a challenge. Whether tailored to parent needs or adapted to the specific topic, apps should be rooted in a transparent theoretical groundwork. Applicable lessons for parent apps from existing research are to tailor app content, include intuitive and adaptive features, and embed well-founded parameters for long-term effect evaluation on child health promotion.
Topics: Humans; Australia; Health Promotion; Mobile Applications; Exercise; Parents
PubMed: 37471125
DOI: 10.2196/39929 -
Stroke Dec 2023Stroke survivors are frequently physically inactive. However, evidence of the effectiveness of active physiotherapy on physical activity level in stroke survivors is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Stroke survivors are frequently physically inactive. However, evidence of the effectiveness of active physiotherapy on physical activity level in stroke survivors is scarce.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement, covering electronic searches from inception to March 16, 2022. Participants: Stroke survivors living in the community. Intervention: Any active physiotherapy, that is, involving exercises that require voluntary effort. Outcome measure: Objective and subjective physical activity level.
RESULTS
Of 5590 identified references, 25 randomized controlled trials were eligible, and 21 had available data. The random-effects meta-analysis resulted in a small, significant effect size in favor of active physiotherapy measured using objective or subjective tools (21 studies, 1834 participants, standardized mean difference, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.04-0.40]; heterogeneity =65%), and a medium significant effect when objective tools were used (9 studies, 424 participants, standardized mean differences, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.03-0.92]; =73%). Meta-regression showed that 35% of the variance in trial outcome was explained by the measurement tool (objective or subjective) and 23% by age. None of the variances were associated with a specific dosage in terms of frequency, time, exercise duration, or the severity of the disability.
CONCLUSIONS
Active physiotherapy seems to increase objective physical activity in community-dwelling stroke survivors. However, the evidence is of very low certainty.
REGISTRATION
URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42022315639.
Topics: Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Stroke; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Survivors; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 37909205
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043629 -
Nutrients Oct 2023The combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation has been shown to decrease body fat percentage in adults ≥ 50 years of age. However, the effect on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation has been shown to decrease body fat percentage in adults ≥ 50 years of age. However, the effect on adults < 50 years of age is currently unknown. To address this limitation, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed several meta-analyses comparing studies that included resistance exercise and creatine supplementation to resistance exercise and placebo on fat mass and body fat percentage Twelve studies were included, involving 266 participants. Adults (<50 years of age) who supplemented with creatine and performed resistance exercise experienced a very small, yet significant reduction in body fat percentage (-1.19%, = 0.006); however, no difference was found in absolute fat mass (-0.18 kg, = 0.76). Collectively, in adults < 50 years of age, the combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation produces a very small reduction in body fat percentage without a corresponding decrease in absolute fat mass.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Creatine; Resistance Training; Exercise; Dietary Supplements; Body Composition; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37892421
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204343 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Oct 2023Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a global public health risk. The occurrence of adolescent NAFLD coincides with high rates of overweight and obesity, with an...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a global public health risk. The occurrence of adolescent NAFLD coincides with high rates of overweight and obesity, with an unhealthy lifestyle also playing a role. Data on prevalence and factors contributing to NAFLD among Asian adolescents is lacking as most studies focus on adults. This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence and factors contributing to NAFLD among adolescents.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted using five (Goh et al., 2013) [5] databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO and grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened studies using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Assessment of methodological quality was completed using the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist.
RESULTS
The quality of most studies were of high quality, with the majority reporting no association between lifestyle factors and NAFLD. A total of 6 studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents varied between 8.0% (Fraser et al., 2007) in a study on 5586 adolescents aged 12-19 and 16.0% (Chen et al., 2009) in another survey of 1724 adolescents aged 12-13 years old. Snacking habits and lack of physical activity had potential associations with adolescent NAFLD. Current evidence shows that lifestyle factor (Western dietary pattern) is associated with a higher risk of developing NAFLD among adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Lifestyle factors, including snacking habits and lack of physical activity, were associated with a higher risk of developing NAFLD among adolescents from high-income countries. The difference in the prevalence of NAFLD between countries with different incomes requires further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Checklist; Diet, Western; Exercise; Income
PubMed: 37739647
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.014 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Oct 2023Among ultra-endurance runners (UER), the mental, behavioral, and physical demands of training/competition can result in maladaptive outcomes. Mental health issues are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Among ultra-endurance runners (UER), the mental, behavioral, and physical demands of training/competition can result in maladaptive outcomes. Mental health issues are common in athletes and can impact psychology, physical health, and performance.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize information regarding the incidence/prevalence and factors associated with mental health issues among UER.
METHODS
Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane databases, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Medline Ovid using key terms related to UER (e.g., trail running, road running) and psychological issues (e.g., exercise addiction, depression). Inclusion criteria included original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, using qualitative or quantitative approaches. We considered papers reporting incidence/prevalence and associated factors with mental health outcomes in UER of both sexes, all ages, and levels of competition (e.g., elite, nonprofessional runners). The Joanna Briggs Institute Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies critical appraisal tool was used for quality assessment.
RESULTS
A total of 282 studies were identified, and 11 studies were included in the final selection. A total of 3670 UER were included in the studies. The prevalence of mental health issues among UER ranged between 32.0% and 62.5% for eating disorders, from 11.5% to 18.2% for exercise addiction, 18.6% for depressive symptoms, and 24.5% for sleep disturbance. Exercise addiction was not related to weekly volume, but a strong relationship with exercise in an unstructured space, age, and body mass index was shown.
CONCLUSION
Mental health issues among UER are common, especially eating disorders, exercise addiction, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. Further high-quality studies are needed to examine underlying factors and find preventative strategies to protect UER.
REGISTRATION
The protocol of this systematic review was registered at the PROSPERO-CRD42022338743.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Running; Exercise; Nutritional Status; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37535248
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01890-5 -
Journal of Physical Activity & Health Feb 2024To explore physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in individuals with lower limb (LL) Osteoarthritis (OA) and the influence of age, sex, and body mass index... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To explore physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in individuals with lower limb (LL) Osteoarthritis (OA) and the influence of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on these behaviors.
DESIGN
Systematic review search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception until July 2023. Study criteria: Studies that reported quantifiable device-based or self-reported data for PA and SB variables in adults clinically diagnosed with LL OA were included.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A synthesis of PA and SB levels for those diagnosed with LL OA and the influence age, sex, and BMI have on these behaviors.
RESULTS
From the 1930 studies identified through the electronic search process, 48 met the inclusion criteria. PA guidelines were met by 33% of the sample population that measured moderate and moderate to vigorous PA. No studies reported 75 minutes per week or more of vigorous PA. Additionally, 58% of the population reporting SB were sedentary for 8 hours per day or more. Also, increasing age, BMI, and the female sex were identified as negative influences on PA levels. There were numerous methodological inconsistencies in how data were collected and reported, such as various activity monitor cut points for PA and SB bout duration.
CONCLUSION
Adults with LL OA may be at an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases due to low PA and high SB levels. It is important to consider age, sex, and BMI when investigating behavior patterns in those with LL OA.
Topics: Female; Humans; Body Mass Index; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; Self Report; Male
PubMed: 38086351
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0195 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are prevalent and lead to high morbidity and mortality globally. Physiotherapists regularly interact with patients with or at risk of CVDs... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are prevalent and lead to high morbidity and mortality globally. Physiotherapists regularly interact with patients with or at risk of CVDs (pwCVDs). This study aimed to assess the nature of existing evidence, interventional approaches used, and the population groups included in physiotherapy-led health promotion (PLHP) for pwCVDs. The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched from inception until June 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full text and conducted data extraction. All conflicts were resolved with a third reviewer. A total of 4992 records were identified, of which 20 full-text articles were included in the review. The studies had varied populations, including those with stroke, coronary artery diseases, peripheral artery diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and multiple CVD risk factors. The interventions ranged from exercise and physical activity programmes, dietary interventions, education, and counselling sessions with various supplementary approaches. Most interventions were short-term, with less than 12 months of follow-up. Interventions were personalised and patient-centred to promote adherence and health behaviour change. Among the included studies, 60% employed experimental designs, with the remainder using quasi-experimental designs. Although a wide range of PLHP strategies have been used for pwCVDs, exercise and physical activity were employed in 85% of the included studies. Other components of health promotion, such as sleep, smoking, and alcohol abuse, should be investigated within PLHP.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Hypertension; Health Promotion; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 37998304
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227073