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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Aug 2023At the 74th World Health Assembly, the WHO issued a strategy for the prevention and control of several major infectious diseases. To achieve the WHO-initiated targets... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
At the 74th World Health Assembly, the WHO issued a strategy for the prevention and control of several major infectious diseases. To achieve the WHO-initiated targets for these infectious diseases, the elimination of mother-to-child transmission is essential. To date, a systematic review of the global and regional prevalence of infections with relevant mother-to-child transmission and outside the spectrum of congenital infections is lacking.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis in pregnant women.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang database and China Biology Medicine disc database, and five WHO Regional Index Medicus databases.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Original studies reporting the prevalence of infection or coinfection of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis in pregnant women.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2020 checklist. We used random-effects models to generate pooled prevalence estimates for each infection.
RESULTS
The global pooled prevalence in pregnant women of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 2.9% (95% CI, 2.4-3.4%), 4.8% (3.8-5.8%), 1.0% (0.8-1.3%), and 0.8% (0.7-0.9%). The pooled prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis in low-income countries was higher than the global level (HIV: 5.2% [1.6-10.5%); HBV: 6.6% (5.4-7.9%); HCV: 2.7% (1.6-4.1%); syphilis: 3.3% (2.2-4.6%]). The pooled prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis in lower-middle-income countries was higher than the global level (HIV: 2.9% [0.8-6.1%]; HBV: 4.9% [3.8-6.1%]; HCV: 2.3% [1.2-3.6%]; syphilis: 1.5% [1.0-2.2%]).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of these infections among pregnant women was particularly high in resource-poor settings. The relevance and feasibility of current global practice guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of these infections in lower-middle-income countries must be evaluated, including timely access to screening and therapeutics.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Syphilis; HIV; Pregnant Women; HIV Infections; Prevalence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis B virus; Hepacivirus
PubMed: 36921717
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.002 -
Virology Aug 2023Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus, causing vesicular disease in swine. SVA is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, which is the only member of the genus... (Review)
Review
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus, causing vesicular disease in swine. SVA is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, which is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. SVA genome encodes 12 proteins: L, VP4, VP2, VP3, VP1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. The VP1 to VP4 are structural proteins, and the others are nonstructural proteins. The replication of SVA in host cells is a complex process coordinated by an elaborate interplay between the structural and nonstructural proteins. Structural proteins are primarily involved in the invasion and assembly of virions. Nonstructural proteins modulate viral RNA translation and replication, and also take part in antagonizing the antiviral host response and in disrupting some cellular processes to allow virus replication. Here, we systematically reviewed the molecular functions of SVA structural and nonstructural proteins by reference to literatures of SVA itself and other picornaviruses.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Picornaviridae; Viral Proteins; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 37348144
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.004 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) May 2024Studies have suggested that patients with chronic hepatitis B, either co- or superinfected, have more aggressive liver disease progression than those with the HDV. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Studies have suggested that patients with chronic hepatitis B, either co- or superinfected, have more aggressive liver disease progression than those with the HDV. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis examined whether HDV RNA status is associated with increased risk of advanced liver disease events in patients who are HBsAg and HDV antibody positive.
APPROACH AND RESULTS
A total of 12 publications were included. Relative rates of progression to advanced liver disease event for HDV RNA+/detectable versus HDV RNA-/undetectable were extracted for analysis. Reported OR and HRs with 95% CI were pooled using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random-effects models. The presence of HDV RNA+ was associated with an increased risk of any advanced liver disease event [random effect (95% CI): risk ratio: 1.48 (0.93, 2.33); HR: 2.62 (1.55, 4.44)]. When compared to the patients with HDV RNA- status, HDV RNA+ was associated with a significantly higher risk of progressing to compensated cirrhosis [risk ratio: 1.74 (1.24, 2.45)] decompensated cirrhosis [HR: 3.82 (1.60, 9.10)], HCC [HR: 2.97 (1.87, 4.70)], liver transplantation [HR: 7.07 (1.61, 30.99)], and liver-related mortality [HR: 3.78 (2.18, 6.56)].
CONCLUSIONS
The patients with HDV RNA+ status have a significantly greater risk of liver disease progression than the patients who are HDV RNA-. These findings highlight the need for improved HDV screening and linkage to treatment to reduce the risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis Delta Virus; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Liver Cirrhosis; Morbidity; RNA, Viral; Disease Progression; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 37870278
DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000642