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Journal of the National Cancer Institute Mar 2024Studying carcinogens in tobacco and nontobacco sources may be key to understanding the pathogenesis and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer.
BACKGROUND
Studying carcinogens in tobacco and nontobacco sources may be key to understanding the pathogenesis and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer.
METHODS
The Golestan Cohort Study has been conducted since 2004 in a region with high rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. For this nested study, the cases comprised of all incident cases by January 1, 2018; controls were matched to the case by age, sex, residence, time in cohort, and tobacco use. We measured urinary concentrations of 33 exposure biomarkers of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations between the 90th vs the 10th percentiles of the biomarker concentrations and incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
RESULTS
Among individuals who did not currently use tobacco (148 cases and 163 controls), 2 acrolein metabolites, 2 acrylonitrile metabolites, 1 propylene oxide metabolite, and one 1,3-butadiene metabolite were significantly associated with incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (adjusted odds ratios between 1.8 and 4.3). Among tobacco users (57 cases and 63 controls), metabolites of 2 other volatile organic compounds (styrene and xylene) were associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 6.2 and 9.0, respectively). In tobacco users, 2 tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNN and N'-Nitrosoanatabine) were also associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Suggestive associations were seen with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially 2-hydroxynaphthalene) in nonusers of tobacco products and other tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco users.
CONCLUSION
These novel associations based on individual-level data and samples collected many years before cancer diagnosis, from a population without occupational exposure, have important public health implications.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Incidence; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 37856326
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad218 -
Science Advances Jul 2023Industrial heterogeneous catalysts show high performance coupled with high material complexity. Deconvoluting this complexity into simplified models eases mechanistic...
Industrial heterogeneous catalysts show high performance coupled with high material complexity. Deconvoluting this complexity into simplified models eases mechanistic studies. However, this approach dilutes the relevance because models are often less performing. We present a holistic approach to reveal the origin of high performance without losing the relevance by pivoting the system at an industrial benchmark. Combining kinetic and structural analyses, we show how the performance of Bi-Mo-Co-Fe-K-O industrial acrolein catalysts occurs. The surface BiMoO ensembles decorated with K supported on β-CoFeMoO perform the propene oxidation, while the K-doped iron molybdate pools electrons to activate dioxygen. The nanostructured vacancy-rich and self-doped bulk phases ensure the charge transport between the two active sites. The features particular to the real system enable the high performance.
PubMed: 37436998
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5331 -
Brain Research Jan 2024In humans, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically sporadic in nature, and its pathology is usually influenced by extensive factors. The study established a rat model...
BACKGROUND
In humans, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically sporadic in nature, and its pathology is usually influenced by extensive factors. The study established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction.
METHODS
A rat model was established by transduction of an adeno-associated virus combined with acrolein treatment. Rats were assigned to the normal control (NC), acrolein group, AAV (-) group, AAV-APP group, and AAV-APP/acrolein group. The success of model construction was verified in multiple ways, including by assessing cognitive function, examining microstructural changes in the brain in vivo, and performing immunohistochemistry. The contribution of genetic (APP mutation) and environmental (acrolein) factors to AD-like phenotypes in the model was explored by factorial analysis.
RESULTS
1) The AAV-APP/acrolein group showed a decline in cognitive function, as indicated by a reduced gray matter volume in key cognition-related brain areas, lower FA values in the hippocampus and internal olfactory cortex, and Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus. 2) The AAV-APP group also showed a decline in cognitive function, although the group exhibited atypical brain atrophy in the gray matter and insignificant Aβ deposition. 3) The acrolein group did not show any significant changes in Aβ levels, gray matter volume, or cognitive function. 4) The genetic factor (APP mutation) explained 39.74% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model factors, and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) explained 33.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
The genetic-environmental interaction rat model exhibited a phenotype that resembled the features of human AD and will be useful for research on AD.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Mice; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Acrolein; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Transgenic
PubMed: 37918702
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148663 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Apr 2024The excretion of dietary odorants into urine and milk is evaluated and the impact of possible influencing factors determined. Furthermore, the metabolic relevance of...
SCOPE
The excretion of dietary odorants into urine and milk is evaluated and the impact of possible influencing factors determined. Furthermore, the metabolic relevance of conjugates for the excretion into milk is investigated.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Lactating mothers (n = 20) are given a standardized curry dish and donated one milk and urine sample each before and 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6, and 8 h after the intervention. The concentrations of nine target odorants in these samples are determined. A significant transition is observed for linalool into milk, as well as for linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol into urine. Maximum concentrations are reached within 1 h after the intervention in the case of milk and within 2-3 h in the case of urine. In addition, the impact of glucuronidase treatment on odorant concentrations is evaluated in a sample subset of twelve mothers. Linalool, eugenol, and vanillin concentrations increased 3-77-fold in milk samples after treatment with β-glucuronidase.
CONCLUSION
The transfer profiles of odorants into milk and urine differ qualitatively, quantitatively, and in temporal aspects. More substances are transferred into urine and the transfer needs a longer period compared with milk. Phase II metabolites are transferred into urine and milk.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Female; Odorants; Eugenol; Adult; Benzaldehydes; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Glucuronidase; Lactation; Acrolein; Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38602198
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300831 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024As a typical bioactive compound from the bark and leaves of the trees of the genus , cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is natural and safe. Its excellent antibacterial activity... (Review)
Review
As a typical bioactive compound from the bark and leaves of the trees of the genus , cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is natural and safe. Its excellent antibacterial activity against various foodborne microorganisms is growingly regarded as a promising additive for improving and enhancing the properties of bio-based packaging films/coatings. This review systematically summarized the bio-based food packaging films/coatings containing CIN developed recently. The effects of CIN incorporation on physical and chemical properties of the antibacterial food packaging films/coatings, including thickness, color index, transparency, water content, water solubility, water contact angle, mechanical performances, water barrier performances, and antibacterial performances, were discussed. Simultaneously, this work also concluded that an explanation of the antibacterial mechanism of CIN and preparation methods of bio-based packaging films/coatings containing CIN/CIN carriers. Notably, the incorporation of CIN into the films/coatings could enhance their antibacterial performance extend the shelf-life of various foods, such as fish, meats, vegetables, fruits, and other perishable food, while improving their physical and chemical properties. Although incorporating CIN into food packaging films/coatings has been extensively studied, long-term follow-up research on the human safety of active food packaging films/coatings containing CIN needs to be carried out.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Food Packaging; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acrolein; Water
PubMed: 35900224
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105300 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023A new Schiff base, 4-((1E,2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)allylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) benzene-sulfonamide (L), was synthesized by thermal condensation of...
A new Schiff base, 4-((1E,2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)allylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) benzene-sulfonamide (L), was synthesized by thermal condensation of 3-(2-furyl)acrolein and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and the furan Schiff base (L) was converted to a phenol Schiff base (L') according to the Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction and studied experimentally. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the Schiff base were also corroborated by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, a series of lanthanide and transition metal complexes of the Schiff base were synthesized from the nitrate salts of Gd, Sm, Nd, and Zn (L, L, L, and L), respectively. Various spectroscopic studies confirmed the chemical structures of the Schiff-base ligand and its complexes. Based on the spectral studies, a nine-coordinated geometry was assigned to the lanthanide complexes and a six-coordinated geometry to the zinc complex. The elemental analysis data confirmed the suggested structure of the metal complexes, and the TGA studies confirmed the presence of one coordinated water molecule in the lanthanide complexes and one crystalline water molecule in the zinc complex; in addition, the conductivity showed the neutral nature of the complexes. Therefore, it is suggested that the ligand acts as a bidentate through coordinates to each metal atom by the isoxazole nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the sulfur dioxide moiety of the SMX based on FTIR studies. The ligand and its complexes were tested for their anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant activities by various colorimetric methods. These complexes were found to exhibit potential effects of the selected biological activities.
PubMed: 37512433
DOI: 10.3390/ma16145160 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry... Jul 2023We present a theoretical study of intersystem crossing (ISC) in acrolein and ketene with the Ehrenfest method that can describe a superposition of singlet and triplet...
We present a theoretical study of intersystem crossing (ISC) in acrolein and ketene with the Ehrenfest method that can describe a superposition of singlet and triplet states. Our simulations illustrate a new mechanistic effect of ISC, namely, that a superposition of singlets and triplets yields nonadiabatic dynamics characteristic of that superposition rather than the constituent state potential energy surfaces. This effect is particularly significant in ketene, where mixing of singlet and triplet states along the approach to a singlet/singlet conical intersection occurs, with the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) remaining small throughout. In both cases, the effects require many recrossings of the singlet/triplet state crossing seam, consistent with the textbook treatment of ISC.
PubMed: 37364275
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01187 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathophysiology that remains not fully understood, and the exact mechanism of...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathophysiology that remains not fully understood, and the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis has been linked to the progression of degenerative diseases observed in AD models. The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of spermidine, a potent antioxidant and iron chelator, and its synergistic interactions with ciprofloxacin, another iron chelator, in modulating ferroptosis and mitigating AD progression in rats. This study investigated AD-related biomarkers like neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ), arginase I, and serotonin. Spermidine demonstrated an anti-ferroptotic effect in the AD model, evident from the modulation of ferroptosis parameters such as hippocampus iron levels, reduced protein expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Additionally, the administration of spermidine led to a significant increase in protein expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2) and upregulation of Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) gene expression. Moreover, spermidine notably decreased p53 protein levels, acrolein, and gene expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Overall, our findings suggest that spermidine and/or ciprofloxacin may offer potential benefits against AD by modulating ferroptosis. Furthermore, spermidine enhanced the antioxidant efficacy of ciprofloxacin and reduced its toxic effects.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Spermidine; Antioxidants; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Oxidative Stress; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Ferroptosis; Ciprofloxacin; Iron Chelating Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2
PubMed: 38401586
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130387 -
Nano Letters Aug 2023Bone metastases are secondary malignant tumors that commonly occur after the spread of advanced cancer cells. We herein report the activatable semiconducting polymer...
Bone metastases are secondary malignant tumors that commonly occur after the spread of advanced cancer cells. We herein report the activatable semiconducting polymer nanoinducers (ASPN) that can amplify oxidative damage via sono-ferroptosis for bone metastasis treatment. ASPN are constructed by encapsulating plasma amine oxidase-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPN) and FeO nanoparticles into singlet oxygen (O)-responsive nanocarriers. ASPN generate O under ultrasound (US) irradiation via a sonodynamic effect to destroy the stability of O-responsive nanocarriers, allowing US-triggered releases of SPN and FeO nanoparticles. SPN decompose polyamines in tumor cells to produce acrolein and hydrogen peroxide (HO), in which HO promotes Fenton reaction mediated by FeO nanoparticles for inducing enhanced ferroptosis and generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The generated acrolein, O, and •OH can simultaneously amplify the oxidative damage. ASPN thus mediate an amplified sono-ferroptosis effect to inhibit the growth of bone metastasis and restrict tumor metastasis.
Topics: Humans; Acrolein; Ferroptosis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Bone Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37565802
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02414 -
Genes Dec 2023(Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) () is an important agricultural, major invasive, and quarantine pest that can cause significant damage to the economic value of the...
(Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) () is an important agricultural, major invasive, and quarantine pest that can cause significant damage to the economic value of the fruit and vegetable industry. Male bait is one of the most effective methods of surveying, monitoring, and controlling . In our study, we constructed cDNA libraries using total RNA extracted independently from the antennae, mouthparts, and thoracic legs of male and female adults and the ovipositors of female adults and screened out four aldehyde-oxidase-related genes (AOX-related), , , , and . Molecular docking predictions showed that eight compounds, including 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamaldehyde, deet, ethyl N-acetyl-N-butyl-β-alaninate, n-butyl butyrate, n-butyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl eugenol, and ethyl acetate, could combine with proteins encoded by the four AOX-related genes. Furthermore, QPCR was performed to confirm that four compounds, including 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamic aldehyde, butyl levulinic acid ethyl ester (mosquito repellent), butyl butyrate, and methyl eugenol, induced significant changes in the AOX-related genes of . These results provide useful information and guidance for the batch screening of potentially useful compounds and the search for effective attractants of .
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Aldehyde Oxidase; Molecular Docking Simulation; Acrolein; Butyrates; Eugenol; Tephritidae
PubMed: 38254925
DOI: 10.3390/genes15010035