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Mayo Clinic Proceedings Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PubMed: 38309933
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.005 -
Nature Reviews. Disease Primers Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Antitubercular Agents
PubMed: 38523194
DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00512-2 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne May 2024Paradoxical tuberculosis reaction is defined as the aggravation of lesions present at diagnosis or the development of new lesions under anti-tuberculosis treatment,... (Review)
Review
Paradoxical tuberculosis reaction is defined as the aggravation of lesions present at diagnosis or the development of new lesions under anti-tuberculosis treatment, after exclusion of other alternate causes. It affects 5 to 30% of tuberculosis patients, with a variable prevalence depending on the site of infection and the clinical background. The diagnosis of paradoxical reaction is one of elimination, and requires having ruled out therapeutic failure, notably linked to poor compliance and/or to the presence of mycobacterial antibiotic resistance. The severity of paradoxical tuberculosis reaction lies in its neurological impairment. Despite its clinical importance, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood and its management is not consensual. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone in the medical management. The role of anti-TNF agents, currently proposed in cases of corticodependence or corticoresistance, remains to be properly defined.
Topics: Humans; Antitubercular Agents; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38267320
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.01.008 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Jul 2024Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Children act as reservoirs of infection... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Children act as reservoirs of infection out of which future cases develop. Without the successful detection and treatment of TB infection and disease in children, elimination strategies for TB will be ineffective. India has a severe problem with TB in children, which accounts for around 31% of the global pediatric TB load. However, over the past 10 y, children have consistently made up 6-7% of all patients treated yearly under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP). There is an estimated detection gap of 56% in India, which is the reason for many missed cases of TB in children. Only 3% of children less than 14 y with MDR/RR-TB, are reported from India, which again is an underestimation of the actual incident cases. Population density, housing and living conditions, environmental conditions, cultural practices, age of the child, exposure to tobacco and other environmental pollutants, the virulence of the mycobacterial strain and their genetics, host genetics, BCG vaccination, malnutrition, immunodeficiency are some of the risk factors for TB exposure, infection and disease in children. Understanding the natural history as well as the epidemiology of childhood TB is important to assess which children are the most vulnerable. It would also guide us in understanding the burden of pediatric TB on a regional, national, or global level, thus facilitating the appropriate targeting of health resources and also guiding policy-making decisions.
Topics: Humans; India; Child; Tuberculosis; Risk Factors; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 37919487
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04910-4 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Latent Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38268359
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.858.141 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Sep 2023This review describes the epidemiology and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant recipients. We discuss the pre-transplant screening for risk of TB... (Review)
Review
This review describes the epidemiology and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant recipients. We discuss the pre-transplant screening for risk of TB and management of latent TB in this population. We also discuss the challenges of management of TB and other difficult to treat mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium complex. The drugs for the management of these infections include rifamycins which have significant drug interactions with immunosuppressants and must be monitored closely.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Risk Factors; Transplant Recipients; Organ Transplantation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PubMed: 37268476
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.04.004 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases May 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Male; Antitubercular Agents; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchoscopy; Female; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38670683
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00057-4 -
Pediatric Radiology Aug 2023Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health threats worldwide, despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Tuberculosis is one of the main causes... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health threats worldwide, despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of infectious disease in the chest and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in paediatric populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the difficulty in obtaining microbiological confirmation of pulmonary TB in children, diagnosis often relies on a combination of clinical and radiological findings. The early diagnosis of central nervous system TB is challenging with presumptive diagnosis heavily reliant on imaging. Brain infection can present as a diffuse exudative basal leptomeningitis or as localised disease (tuberculoma, abscess, cerebritis). Spinal TB may present as radiculomyelitis, spinal tuberculoma or abscess or epidural phlegmon. Musculoskeletal manifestation accounts for 10% of extrapulmonary presentations but is easily overlooked with its insidious clinical course and non-specific imaging findings. Common musculoskeletal manifestations of TB include spondylitis, arthritis and osteomyelitis, while tenosynovitis and bursitis are less common. Abdominal TB presents with a triad of pain, fever and weight loss. Abdominal TB may occur in various forms, as tuberculous lymphadenopathy or peritoneal, gastrointestinal or visceral TB. Chest radiographs should be performed, as approximately 15% to 25% of children with abdominal TB have concomitant pulmonary infection. Urogenital TB is rare in children. This article will review the classic radiological findings in childhood TB in each of the major systems in order of clinical prevalence, namely chest, central nervous system, spine, musculoskeletal, abdomen and genitourinary system.
Topics: Child; Humans; Abscess; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System; Tuberculoma; Diagnostic Imaging; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
PubMed: 37217783
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05648-z -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 37655072
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.3.2023.016 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 37890907
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00636-9