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BMJ Case Reports Jan 2024A man in his 50s, with a history of night sweats and weight loss, presented acutely with dyspnoea and chest pain. Imaging revealed right middle lobe consolidation and a...
A man in his 50s, with a history of night sweats and weight loss, presented acutely with dyspnoea and chest pain. Imaging revealed right middle lobe consolidation and a large pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of actinomycosis was made using endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling from the pericardial effusion. An orthopantomogram demonstrated that the source was a large cavity in the left lower wisdom tooth. This tooth was extracted before the completion of his antibiotic course, and the patient made a full recovery. Cardiac actinomycosis is rare, and there are few case reports describing endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling of pericardial fluid.
Topics: Humans; Male; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chest Pain; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardium; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38195185
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257733 -
Clinical Imaging Dec 2023Various infectious and inflammatory diseases affect the genitourinary system. This paper provides a review of multiple common and uncommon infectious and inflammatory... (Review)
Review
Various infectious and inflammatory diseases affect the genitourinary system. This paper provides a review of multiple common and uncommon infectious and inflammatory conditions affecting the genitourinary system and some associated complications. These include acute infectious cystitis, emphysematous cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, renal and perinephric abscesses, pyonephrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, epididymo-orchitis, vasitis, prostatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, renal hydatid infection, renal tuberculosis, actinomycosis, Erdheim-Chester Disease, IgG4-Related Kidney Disease, urethritis and urethral strictures, ureteritis cystica, and genitourinary fistulas. Radiologists should be aware of these diseases' complications and management. Uncommon conditions must be considered when evaluating the genitourinary system.
Topics: Male; Humans; Inflammation; Urogenital System; Pyelonephritis; Urinary Tract Infections; Kidney Diseases; Cystitis
PubMed: 37918136
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.110013 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2023Actinomycosis is common in the head and neck region but rarely occurs in the nasal septum. A 75-year-old male patient with an edentulous maxilla, hypertension, and...
Actinomycosis is common in the head and neck region but rarely occurs in the nasal septum. A 75-year-old male patient with an edentulous maxilla, hypertension, and diabetes developed actinomycosis confined to the nasal septum and showed mucosal necrosis and septal bony sequestration. The patient underwent surgery and medication therapy; this case was reported using endoscopic photographs and radiographs and a literature review was conducted to provide further context and understanding of the condition of the patient.
PubMed: 38044535
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231211308 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Nov 2023Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection causing lesions and abscesses, often mimicking tumors. It commonly affects the cervicofacial, abdominal, and thoracic...
Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection causing lesions and abscesses, often mimicking tumors. It commonly affects the cervicofacial, abdominal, and thoracic regions. We present a case of a woman with an intrauterine device (IUD) who developed an abscess and abdominal symptoms. Initial studies suggested a tumor, but biopsy revealed inflammation. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with Actinomyces Israelii infection, her IUDwas removed, and she was treated with penicillin, resulting in improvement. Pelvic actinomycosis is uncommon and often diagnosed late, often post-surgery, requiring combined surgical and medical treatment.
PubMed: 38031924
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.10077/2023 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Jul 2023Whipple's disease is an uncommon chronic systemic disease caused by . The most characteristic findings of late Whipple's disease include diarrhoea, abdominal pain,... (Review)
Review
Whipple's disease is an uncommon chronic systemic disease caused by . The most characteristic findings of late Whipple's disease include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and arthralgias, however, other clinical findings can occur, including lymphadenopathy, fever, neurologic manifestations, myocarditis and endocarditis. The aim of the present study was to systematically review all cases of Whipple's disease-associated infective endocarditis (IE) in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (all published studies up to 28 May 2022) for studies providing data on epidemiology, clinical characteristics as well as data on treatment and outcomes of Whipple's disease-associated IE was performed. A total of 72 studies, containing data for 127 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 8% of patients. The aortic valve was the most commonly involved intracardiac site followed by the mitral valve. Heart failure, embolic phenomena, and fever were the most common clinical presentations, however, fever occurred in less than 30% of patients. Sepsis was rarely noted. The diagnosis was most commonly performed through pathology through positive PCR or histology in cardiac valves in 88.2% of patients. Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole were the most commonly used antimicrobials followed by cephalosporins and tetracyclines. Surgery was performed in 84.3% of patients. Mortality was 9.4%. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model identified presentation with sepsis or development of a paravalvular abscess to be independently associated with increased mortality, while treatment with the combination of trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole was independently associated with reduced mortality.
Topics: Humans; Whipple Disease; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Trimethoprim; Sulfamethoxazole; Sepsis
PubMed: 37198913
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2214610 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Sep 2023Actinomycosis is caused by actinomyces israelii, a gram positive nonacid fast, anaerobic, commensal bacterium within the oral cavity. Though it is a commensal in oral...
UNLABELLED
Actinomycosis is caused by actinomyces israelii, a gram positive nonacid fast, anaerobic, commensal bacterium within the oral cavity. Though it is a commensal in oral cavity, it seldom presents as cervicofacial actinomycosis. But there is limited access to literature proving cervicofacial actinomycosis existence so far. We report a case of 35 year old gentleman who presented with painless progressive neck swelling associated with pain while chewing food. On examination, 3.5*2.5 swelling was noted in right submandibular gland area, radiologically a foreign body was detected in the right submandibular gland. Mass was excised in toto and sent for HPE which revealed submandibular gland actinomycosis. Post operatively, patient was managed with long-term broad-spectrum beta lactams and was on regular follow-up. No evidence of recurrence/ fresh complaints noted till date. Although cervicofacial actinomycosis is rare and dangerous with debilitating complications, timely diagnosis and early intervention with broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical excision (if required) shows promising results with complete eradication of disease leaving no residues.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03498-7.
PubMed: 37636774
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03498-7 -
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) Apr 2024Non-viral infections of the liver are rare to very rare compared to viral infections. They can be caused by various bacteria, helminths, protozoa, and fungi, often... (Review)
Review
Non-viral infections of the liver are rare to very rare compared to viral infections. They can be caused by various bacteria, helminths, protozoa, and fungi, often leading to liver involvement during dissemination. Some of these infections affect in particular immunocompromised individuals, while others need to be considered in the differential diagnostic work-up in patients returning from tropical countries. In cases where the infection occurs through oral ingestion of eggs, such as in cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, the liver is often the most commonly affected organ. Due to the diversity of non-viral liver infections and their varied clinical manifestations, a comprehensive discussion of all potential pathogens and their effects is not within the scope of this article. Therefore, only a few of these conditions will be discussed in more detail.
Topics: Humans; Echinococcosis; Liver; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 38483554
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01678-3 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2023, are gram-positive, non-spore forming anaerobic or microaerophilic species. Empyema due to actinomycosis is relatively rare and can be difficult to diagnose as the...
, are gram-positive, non-spore forming anaerobic or microaerophilic species. Empyema due to actinomycosis is relatively rare and can be difficult to diagnose as the presenting symptoms may be indolent and the micro-organism may be difficult to culture. This case report describes a patient presenting with dyspnoea, weight loss and lethargy. The chest radiograph, CT and thoracic ultrasound revealed a left-sided pleural effusion. A chest drain was inserted under ultrasound guidance. The pleural fluid was macroscopically consistent with pus and microbiology showed growth of gram-positive bacilli, as well as the species. The patient was treated with a drainage of the pleural fluid, a prolonged course of antibiotics and made a good recovery. The awareness that the species and the species through their synergistic interaction may cause empyema, may lead to a timely diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chest Tubes; Empyema; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 37714555
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252867 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is characterized by exaggerated and dysregulated inflammatory responses that occur as a result of reconstitution of... (Review)
Review
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is characterized by exaggerated and dysregulated inflammatory responses that occur as a result of reconstitution of adaptive or innate immunity. A wide range of microorganisms have been found to be associated with IRIS, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and actinobacteria. Whipple disease (WD) is an infectious disorder caused by the Gram-positive bacterium and IRIS also serves as a complication during its treament. Although many of these pathological mechanisms are shared with related inflammatory disorders, IRIS in WD exhibits distinct features and is poorly described in the medical literature. Novel investigations of the intestinal mucosal immune system have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS, elucidating the interplay between systemic and local immune responses. These insights may be used to identify monitoring tools for disease prevention and to develop treatment strategies. Therefore, this review synthesizes these new concepts in WD IRIS to approach the feasibility of manipulating host immunity and immune reconstitution of inflammatory syndromes from a newer, more comprehensive perspective and study hypothetical options for the management of WD IRIS.
Topics: Humans; Whipple Disease; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Immune Reconstitution; Actinobacteria; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 37901208
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265414