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Primary Care Sep 2023Benign conditions of the colon and rectum are a heterogeneous group of conditions that range from inflammatory to infectious to pelvic floor health conditions that... (Review)
Review
Benign conditions of the colon and rectum are a heterogeneous group of conditions that range from inflammatory to infectious to pelvic floor health conditions that affect large segments of the US population. These conditions include diverticular disease, hemorrhoids, and anorectal lesions. The initial presentation of these very common conditions often occurs in the outpatient primary care setting, and most can be managed by the primary care clinician. This article will provide an overview on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of some of the most common benign colorectal disorders; these are broadly divided into diverticular disease, hemorrhoids, and anorectal conditions.
Topics: Humans; Hemorrhoids; Fissure in Ano; Diverticular Diseases; Ambulatory Care; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37516514
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2023.03.011 -
Gynecology and Minimally Invasive... 2023Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a subtype of ectopic pregnancy that is implanted in the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube which is defined as the tubal section... (Review)
Review
Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a subtype of ectopic pregnancy that is implanted in the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube which is defined as the tubal section crossing uterine muscular tissue. Widely recognized risk factors for CP are endometriosis, uterine leiomyomata, or pelvic inflammatory disease; all these diseases can cause tubal anatomic changes and consequently alter embryo physiological implant process. Many treatment options are available for this condition each one must be tailored according to patient and operating scenario. The incidence of uterine ruptures in the scarred uterus appears to be low, but the fear of it remains and therefore medical treatment might be favored over cornual wedge resection. The actual risk of uterine rupture after medical treatment is unknown. Multiple testing strategies exist to diagnose CP, but caution needs to be used to avoid a false diagnosis.
PubMed: 37807987
DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_10_23 -
International Immunopharmacology Oct 2023Chronic endometritis (CE) reflects the local imbalance in the endometrial immune microenvironment after inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is highly...
BACKGROUND
Chronic endometritis (CE) reflects the local imbalance in the endometrial immune microenvironment after inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is highly involved in both immunity and inflammation. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of HMGB1 in the endometrium of patients with CE.
METHODS
Endometrium and uterine fluid HMGB1 were tested in a cohort of infertile patients with or without CE. Expression levels of the pyroptosis marker, gasdermin D (GSDMD)-N-terminal (NT), in the human endometrium of patients with CE and controls were determined. Next, the role of HMGB1 as a driver of macrophage pyroptosis was investigated using human THP-1 cells in vitro and a CE mouse model in vivo.
RESULTS
High expression levels of HMGB1 in biopsied endometrial tissue and uterine fluid were confirmed in a cohort of patients with CE. Positive correlation between the number of CD138 cells and HMGB1 mRNA expression level were detected (rs = 0.592, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, we found that GSDMD-NT expression was significantly increased in the CE endometrium at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, co-localization of GSDMD-NT and macrophages was confirmed via the double immunostaining of GSDMD-NT and CD68. In vitro experiments revealed that macrophage pyroptosis was induced by HMGB1 in human THP-1-derived macrophages. Treatment with glycyrrhizic acid, an inhibitor of HMGB1, significantly suppressed endometrial pyroptosis and inflammation in the CE mouse model.
CONCLUSIONS
HMGB1 effectively induced macrophage pyroptosis in the human endometrium, suggesting that its inhibition may serve as a novel treatment option for CE.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Mice; Chronic Disease; Endometritis; HMGB1 Protein; Inflammation; Macrophages; Pyroptosis
PubMed: 37541110
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110706 -
World Journal of Psychiatry Mar 2024Recent studies highlight the strong correlation between infectious diseases and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this editorial, we comment on the...
Recent studies highlight the strong correlation between infectious diseases and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this editorial, we comment on the article "Anti-infective therapy durations predict psychological stress and laparoscopic surgery quality in pelvic abscess patients" by Zhang , published in the recent issue of the 2023; 13 (11): 903-911. Our discussion highlighted the potential consequences of anxiety, depression, and psychosis, which are all linked to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, which are relevant to the impact of inflammation on the sequelae in mental health as those we are observing after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We focus specifically on the immune mechanisms triggered by inflammation, the primary contributor to psychiatric complications. Importantly, pathophysiological mechanisms such as organ damage, post-injury inflammation, and infection-induced endocrine alterations, including hypocortisolism or autoantibody formation, significantly contribute to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, promoting the emergence or development of psychiatric alterations in susceptible individuals. As inflammation can have long-term effects on patients, a multidisciplinary treatment plan can avoid complications and debilitating health issues, and it is crucial to recognize and address the mental health implications.
PubMed: 38617981
DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.342 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Nov 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Genes, BRCA2; Mutation; Ovarian Neoplasms; Genetic Testing; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Prophylactic Surgical Procedures; Prophylactic Mastectomy; Adnexal Diseases
PubMed: 37548070
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15039 -
Clinical Imaging Dec 2023Various infectious and inflammatory diseases affect the genitourinary system. This paper provides a review of multiple common and uncommon infectious and inflammatory... (Review)
Review
Various infectious and inflammatory diseases affect the genitourinary system. This paper provides a review of multiple common and uncommon infectious and inflammatory conditions affecting the genitourinary system and some associated complications. These include acute infectious cystitis, emphysematous cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, renal and perinephric abscesses, pyonephrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, epididymo-orchitis, vasitis, prostatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, renal hydatid infection, renal tuberculosis, actinomycosis, Erdheim-Chester Disease, IgG4-Related Kidney Disease, urethritis and urethral strictures, ureteritis cystica, and genitourinary fistulas. Radiologists should be aware of these diseases' complications and management. Uncommon conditions must be considered when evaluating the genitourinary system.
Topics: Male; Humans; Inflammation; Urogenital System; Pyelonephritis; Urinary Tract Infections; Kidney Diseases; Cystitis
PubMed: 37918136
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.110013