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Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Exercise; Liver Cirrhosis
PubMed: 38329564
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02078-y -
Physical Therapy Oct 2023The goal of this study was to reach consensus about the best exercise prescription parameters, the most relevant considerations, and other recommendations that could be...
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to reach consensus about the best exercise prescription parameters, the most relevant considerations, and other recommendations that could be useful for prescribing exercise to patients with migraine.
METHODS
This was an international study conducted between April 9, 2022 and June 30, 2022. An expert panel of health care and exercise professionals was assembled, and a 3-round Delphi survey was performed. Consensus was reached for each item if an Aiken V Validity Index ≥ 0.7 was obtained.
RESULTS
The study included 14 experts who reached consensus on 42 items by the third round. The most approved prescription parameters were 30 to 60 minutes of exercise per session, 3 days per week of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise, and relaxation and breathing exercises for 5 to 20 minutes every day. When considering an exercise prescription, initial exercise supervision should progress to patient self-regulation; catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, headache-related disability, anxiety, depression, physical activity baseline level, and self-efficacy could influence the patients' exercise participation and efficacy; and gradual exposure to exercise could help improve these psychological variables and increase exercise efficacy. Yoga and concurrent exercise were also included as recommended interventions.
CONCLUSION
From the experts in the study, exercise prescriptions should be adapted to patients with migraine considering different exercise modalities, such as moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, relaxation, yoga, and concurrent exercise, based on the patients' preferences and psychological considerations, level of physical activity, and possible adverse effects.
IMPACT
The consensus reached by the experts can help prescribe exercise accurately to patients with migraine. Offering various exercise modalities can improve exercise participation in this population. The evaluation of the patients' psychological and physical status can also facilitate the adaptation of the exercise prescription to their abilities and diminish the risk of adverse events.
Topics: Humans; Delphi Technique; Exercise Therapy; Exercise; Yoga; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 37410390
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad080 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Nov 2023This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of different exercise protocols on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of different exercise protocols on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition), quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and sleep quality in patients with different types of cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHOD
A comprehensive search of existing literature was carried out using four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (published until October 19, 2022). All databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental investigations, and pre-post investigations assessing the effects of exercise in cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment. Excluded articles included multicomponent interventions, such as exercise plus diet or behavioral therapy, and investigations performed during adjuvant treatment or survivorship. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven trials involving 999 cancer patients were included in this review. The interventions were conducted in cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment for rectal (n = 11), breast (n = 5), pancreatic (n = 4), esophageal (n = 3), gastro-esophageal (n = 2), and prostate (n = 1) cancers, and leukemia (n = 1). Among the investigations included, 14 utilized combined exercise protocols, 11 utilized aerobic exercise, and two utilized both aerobic and resistance training separately. Exercise interventions appeared to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and quality of life, although many investigations lacked a between-group analysis.
CONCLUSION
Despite limited evidence, exercise interventions applied during neoadjuvant treatment demonstrate promising potential in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and overall quality of life. However, a scarcity of evidence remains on the effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue and sleep quality. Further research with high-quality randomized controlled trials is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Male; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Fatigue; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Female
PubMed: 37696693
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.178 -
Brain Research Bulletin Oct 2023This research explored the combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) on executive function and specific serum... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This research explored the combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) on executive function and specific serum biomarkers in healthy adults.
METHODS
Sixty healthy young adults were randomly assigned into tDCS+AE, tDCS only, or AE only groups. Interventions were carried out for 20 days. Executive functions were evaluated using tasks such as the 2,3-back task, the spatial working memory task, the Stroop test, T test, and hexagonal obstacle jump task. Serum biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamate, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and iron ion, were analyzed pre- and post-intervention.
RESULTS
The tDCS+AE group showed superior enhancements in executive function, evidenced by improved accuracy rates in 2,3-back tasks, better performance in the staircase task, and reduced reaction times in the incongruent reaction time of the Stroop task compared to other groups. Importantly, we found substantial changes in serum biomarkers: increased levels of BDNF and SOD, and decreased levels of MDA and glutamate in the tDCS+AE group. These changes were significantly different when compared with the tDCS and AE only groups. Notably, these alterations in serum biomarkers were correlated with improvements in executive function tasks, thus offering a potential physiological basis for the cognitive improvements witnessed.
CONCLUSION
The combined tDCS and AE intervention effectively improved executive function in healthy young adults, with the improvements linked to changes in key serum biomarkers. The results emphasize the potential of combined tDCS and AE interventions in engaging multiple physiological pathways to enhance executive function.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Executive Function; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Memory, Short-Term; Exercise; Biomarkers; Glutamates; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 37611879
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110747 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Aug 2023Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective treatment for OCD, but there remains a significant proportion of individuals who fail to show a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective treatment for OCD, but there remains a significant proportion of individuals who fail to show a treatment response. Aerobic exercise has previously been associated with decreases in anxiety and depression, as well as improvements in OCD symptoms in small-scale studies. The purpose of the present research was to use a randomized control trial design to examine the effects of exercise alone and in combination with CBT, on OCD symptoms and secondary symptoms.
METHOD
125 participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: waitlist control, exercise, CBT, and CBT with exercise. OCD symptom severity was measured at four points over the course of treatment, secondary outcome measures were gathered at three points over treatment.
RESULTS
CBT alone and combined with exercise was associated with significantly greater OCD symptom reduction than exercise alone or the control groups. Total exercise frequency predicted OCD symptom reduction in the groups in which exercise was measured. Group membership did not significantly predict reductions in secondary outcome measures.
CONCLUSION
Exercise frequency, rather than the presence or absence of exercise, appears to predict OCD symptom reduction, as did participation in CBT.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Treatment Outcome; Exercise; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 37494756
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102746 -
Aerobic Exercise Changes Low-Frequency Functional and Effective Connectivity in Cognitive Load Task.Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2023As is well known, cognitive performances are highly influenced by cognitive load, so it is meaningful to find some ways to effectively reduce the cognitive load. In...
As is well known, cognitive performances are highly influenced by cognitive load, so it is meaningful to find some ways to effectively reduce the cognitive load. In particular, aerobic exercise is a promising way. However, the neural evidence is still lacking in understanding how aerobic exercise minimizes cognitive load. To solve the problem, this study adopted the N-back task in both the before (BE) and after (AE) aerobic exercise periods, behavioral and EEG data were recorded from 21 participants. Functional connectivity was constructed by the weighted phase lag index (WPLI), and effective connectivity was constructed by the partially directed coherent (PDC). Consequently, by comparing the connection strength and pattern of BE and AE, it is found that in low-frequency (0~8 Hz), aerobic exercise could enhance the connection strength of WPLI networks under high cognitive load, and increase the importance of the forehead region in the communication of PDC networks under low cognitive load. These results could advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how aerobic exercise modulates cognitive load.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Frontal Lobe; Cognition
PubMed: 38082696
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340660 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Nov 2023Growing recognition of the gut microbiome as an influential modulator of cancer treatment efficacy and toxicity has led to the emergence of clinical interventions... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Growing recognition of the gut microbiome as an influential modulator of cancer treatment efficacy and toxicity has led to the emergence of clinical interventions targeting the microbiome to enhance cancer and health outcomes. The highly modifiable nature of microbiota to endogenous, exogenous, and environmental inputs enables interventions to promote resilience of the gut microbiome that have rapid effects on host health, or response to cancer treatment. While diet, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplant are primary avenues of therapy focused on restoring or protecting gut function in people undergoing cancer treatment, the role of physical activity and exercise has scarcely been examined in this population.
METHODS
A narrative review was conducted to explore the nexus between cancer care and the gut microbiome in the context of physical activity and exercise as a widely available and clinically effective supportive care strategy used by cancer survivors.
RESULTS
Exercise can facilitate a more diverse gut microbiome and functional metabolome in humans; however, most physical activity and exercise studies have been conducted in healthy or athletic populations, primarily using aerobic exercise modalities. A scarcity of exercise and microbiome studies in cancer exists.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise remains an attractive avenue to promote microbiome health in cancer survivors. Future research should elucidate the various influences of exercise modalities, intensities, frequencies, durations, and volumes to explore dose-response relationships between exercise and the gut microbiome among cancer survivors, as well as multifaceted approaches (such as diet and probiotics), and examine the influences of exercise on the gut microbiome and associated symptom burden prior to, during, and following cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Exercise; Neoplasms; Diet; Sports; Probiotics
PubMed: 38012463
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08183-7 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Resistance Training; Endocrinology
PubMed: 38179305
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1344032 -
PloS One 2023Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic alternative to people with Parkinson´s disease.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on people with Parkinson´s Disease as presented by published systematic reviews.
METHODS
Nine electronic databases and two grey literature databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting the effects of physical exercises on people with Parkinson´s Disease. Searches involved a two-phase process, by, at least, two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2.
RESULTS
From 2,122 systematic reviews, 139 were included. Motor outcomes were assessed in 91% of the studies, with balance being the most studied. Non-motor outcomes were assessed in 68% of the studies, with emphasis on quality of life. Physical exercises were classified into five categories: aerobic exercises, strength, combined, sensorimotor activities and other activity protocols. Findings of the systematic reviews suggest that all exercise categories can be prescribed to improve balance and mobility, while combined exercises, strength, and specific activities improve both motor and non-motor outcomes, and aerobic exercise and sensorimotor activities improve motor outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence from systematic reviews suggests that physical exercises impacts both motor and non-motor outcomes in people with Parkinson´s Disease. Limits in evidence provided by the systematic reviews were related to methodological issues and to the description of the interventions and must be considered to improve decision-making and clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37917715
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293826 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity. Our review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity. Our review study included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years of age) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m. Our search was conducted in the electronic bases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS and EMBASE and in the gray literature. We performed random-effects analyses for effect estimates and used 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) for estimating the uncertainty of the study results. There were selected 10 RCTs involving 14 groups (n = 400). The quality assessment of studies using Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) tool identified some concerns. Exercise training resulted in improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in individuals with overweight and obesity (p < 0.001) compared to the no-exercise control group. This effect of training modalities on FMD was seen for aerobic training (p < 0.001) but not for resistance training (p = 0.051). There was no difference in FMD in response to exercise training by BMI classification (overweight, obesity, overweight + obesity), p = 0.793. The present results are consistent with the notion that aerobic exercise training elicits favorable adaptations in endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity. Our findings should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of studies included in this review.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Resistance Training; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Obesity; Exercise
PubMed: 37479727
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38603-x