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Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Aug 2023The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the impact of exercise-based interventions (EBIs) on sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the impact of exercise-based interventions (EBIs) on sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). We searched systematically in PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. Methodological quality was analyzed using AMSTAR and ROBIS scale, and the strength of evidence was established according to GRADE. Nine systematic reviews were included. Meta-analysis (MA) of primary studies (n = 42) were performed with a random-effects model. The MA revealed a moderate statistically significant effect of EBIs (SMD=-0.46 [-0.69 to -0.23]). Subgroup analyses by type of exercise showed significant effect of body-mind exercises (SMD=-0.55 [-0.86 to -0.23]) and combined exercises (SMD=-1.11 [-2.12 to -0.11]) but not for aerobic (SMD=-0.04 [-0.15 to 0.07]) or strength (SMD=-0.52 [-1.14 to 0.1]) exercises in isolation. The results obtained showed that EBIs were effective in improving sleep quality compared to minimal intervention, no intervention or usual care, with a low certainty of evidence. Subgroup analyses showed that mind-body and combined exercises elicited the strongest effect, while aerobic and strength exercise in isolation did not show significant effects.
Topics: Humans; Fibromyalgia; Sleep Quality; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37229847
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152216 -
Immediate and short-term effects of single-task and motor-cognitive dual-task on executive function.PloS One 2023Executive function plays an important role in our daily life and can be affected by both single task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task (acute... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Executive function plays an important role in our daily life and can be affected by both single task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task (acute motor-cognitive training) interventions. Here we explored the immediate and short-term effect on executive function to texted whether dual-task interventions are more effective at promoting executive function.
METHODS
Forty-six young men were recruited (mean age: 20.65 years) and assigned randomly to aerobic exercise (n = 15), cognitive training (n = 15), or dual-task (n = 16) groups. Executive functions were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after intervention using Go/No-go, 2-back, and More-Odd-Shifting tests.
RESULTS
Working memory function improved after all three interventions (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 7.05, p = 0.001). Performance on the 2-back test was significantly better immediately after dual-task intervention (p = 0.038) and the response time was shorter (p = 0.023). Performance on the More-Odd-Shifting test improved over time (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 30.698, p = 0.01), both immediately after the dual-task intervention (p = 0.015), and 30 min later (p = 0.001). Shifting-test performance was also better immediately after (p = 0.005) and 30 min after (p < 0.001) aerobic exercise.
CONCLUSION
Executive function was enhanced by single-task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task interventions. The effect continued for 30 min after both the single-task aerobic exercise and the dual-task intervention. For short-term intervention, the dual-task was not more effective than either of the single tasks.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Executive Function; Cognition; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Memory, Short-Term
PubMed: 37585447
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290171 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Oct 2023AE and RE have been found to be effective for depressive symptoms. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effectiveness of exercises for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
AE and RE have been found to be effective for depressive symptoms. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effectiveness of exercises for cancer survivors with depressive symptoms is lacking. We aimed to synthesize studies assessing AE and RE's efficacy and examine their effects on depressive symptoms among cancer survivors using meta-analyses.
METHODS
This review was registered on the PROSPERO website with ID CRD42023389760. A systematic literature search was conducted in the four databases. Data were synthesized using a random-effect model to analyze the impact of AE and RE on depressive symptoms at posttreatment and in medium-term follow-up relative to the control group. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate which factors are relevant to greater or lesser effects of treating depressive symptoms among cancer survivors.
RESULTS
28 RCTs (2942 participants) were identified. Analyses of the between-group showed that AE and/or RE were effective in alleviating depressive symptoms among cancer survivors in immediate posttreatment (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI = -0.29 to -0.03; p = 0.02) but not in medium-term follow-up (SMD = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.57 to 0.55; p = 0.97). Subgroup analyses suggested that AE and exercise 3 times per week were significant moderators.
CONCLUSION
AE and RE were feasible in mitigating depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Further studies are needed to examine if exercise is psychologically beneficial for patients with specific types of cancer.
Topics: Humans; Cancer Survivors; Depression; Resistance Training; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Exercise; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37643561
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111470 -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... 2024Sedentary behavior is widespread among older adults and accelerates the decline of motor function. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence concerning the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Sedentary behavior is widespread among older adults and accelerates the decline of motor function. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence concerning the effectiveness of regular exercise in enhancing the same in sedentary older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of 24 weeks of aerobic and combined aerobic-resistance exercise on the motor function of sedentary older adults.
METHODS
Sixty healthy sedentary older (65-80 years) were randomly enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups (1:1:1): aerobic exercise group (AEG), combined aerobic-resistance exercise group (CEG), and health education group (HEG). The training group underwent a five-day-a-week regimen, with each session lasting for 40 minutes (including 10 min warm-up and cool-down). HEG received only monthly health lectures. We assessed lower limb muscle strength (30-second sit-to-stand ability), single-dual task gait, static and dynamic balance functions at baseline and after 24 weeks of intervention using per-protocol analysis.
RESULTS
Among 60 elderly healthy who were randomized (mean age 70.59 ± 3.31 years; 28 women (46%)), 42 (70%) completed the evaluation after 24 weeks. Both the aerobic exercise and combined aerobic-resistance exercise groups exhibited improved 30-second sit-to-stand ability, static balance in closed-eye standing mode, and dynamic balance (P< 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant changes in the single-task gait parameters of stride length, stride width, and stride speed (P> 0.05). Additionally, compared to the aerobic exercise group, the combined exercise group showed an increase in dual-task gait speed and medial and lateral dynamic stability indices (P< 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Both the aerobic exercise and combined aerobic-resistance exercise programs are effective in enhancing lower limb muscle strength, dynamic balance, and static balance while standing with eyes closed in sedentary older adults. Furthermore, the combined aerobic-resistance exercise program is more effective in improving dual-task gait speed as well as medial and lateral dynamic balance.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Resistance Training; Postural Balance; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Gait
PubMed: 37661865
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-220414 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Jan 2024Vascular aging, featuring endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is a major risk factor for the development of age-associated cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
Vascular aging, featuring endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is a major risk factor for the development of age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vascular aging is largely mediated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased inflammation leading to reduced bioavailability of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide and remodeling of the arterial wall. Other cellular mechanisms (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired stress response, deregulated nutrient sensing, cellular senescence), termed "hallmarks" or "pillars" of aging, may also contribute to vascular aging. Gonadal aging, which largely impacts women but also impacts some men, modulates the vascular aging process. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic and resistance exercise, is a first-line strategy for reducing CVD risk with aging. Although exercise is an effective intervention to counter vascular aging, there is considerable variation in the vascular response to exercise training with aging. Aerobic exercise improves large elastic artery stiffening in both middle-aged/older men and women and enhances endothelial function in middle-aged/older men by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and preserving nitric oxide bioavailability; however, similar aerobic exercise training improvements are not consistently observed in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Sex differences in adaptations to exercise may be related to gonadal aging and declines in estrogen in women that influence cellular-molecular mechanisms, disconnecting favorable signaling in the vasculature induced by exercise training. The present review will summarize the current state of knowledge on vascular adaptations to regular aerobic and resistance exercise with aging, the underlying mechanisms involved, and the moderating role of biological sex.
Topics: Middle Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Aged; Nitric Oxide; Endothelium, Vascular; Aging; Exercise; Cardiovascular Diseases; Inflammation; Estrogens; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 37921669
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2023 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Mar 2024This study examined the effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on innate immune system components in the skeletal muscle of healthy women in the basal state and...
This study examined the effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on innate immune system components in the skeletal muscle of healthy women in the basal state and after an unaccustomed resistance exercise (RE) challenge. We also made exploratory between-sex comparisons with our previous report on men. Three groups of women were studied: young exercisers (YE, = 10, 25 ± 1 yr, V̇o: 44 ± 2 mL/kg/min), lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48 ± 2 yr training history (LLE, = 7, 72 ± 2 yr, V̇o: 26 ± 2 mL/kg/min), and old healthy nonexercisers (OH, = 10, 75 ± 1 yr, V̇o: 18 ± 1 mL/kg/min). Ten Toll-like receptors (TLRs)1-10, TLR adaptors (Myd88, TRIF), and NF-κB pathway components (IκBα, IKKβ) were assessed at the mRNA level in vastus lateralis biopsies before and 4 h after RE [3×10 repetitions, 70% 1-repetition maximum (1RM)]. Basal TLR1-10 expression was minimally influenced by age or LLE in women (TLR9 only; OH > YE, +43%, < 0.05; OH > LLE, +30%, < 0.10) and was on average 24% higher in women versus men. Similarly, basal adaptor expression was not influenced ( > 0.05) by age or LLE in women but was on average 26% higher (myeloid differentiation primary response 88, Myd88) and 23% lower [Toll interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-γ, TRIF] in women versus men. RE-induced changes in women, independent of the group, in TLR3, TLR4, TLR6 (∼2.1-fold, < 0.05), Myd88 (∼1.2-fold, < 0.10), and IκBα (∼0.3-fold, < 0.05). Although there were some similar RE responses in men (TLR4: 2.1-fold, Myd88: 1.2-fold, IκBα: 0.4-fold), several components responded only in men to RE (TLR1, TLR8, TRIF, and IKKβ). Our findings support the sexual dimorphism of immunity, with women having greater basal skeletal muscle TLR expression and differential response to unaccustomed exercise than men. We recently reported that aging increases basal expression of many Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in men and lifelong aerobic exercise does not prevent this effect. In addition, a resistance exercise (RE) challenge increased the expression of many TLRs. Here we show that basal TLR expression is minimally influenced by aging in women and findings support the sexual dimorphism of immunity, with women having greater basal skeletal muscle TLR expression and a differential response to unaccustomed exercise than men.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Toll-Like Receptor 1; I-kappa B Kinase; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Muscle, Skeletal; Aging; Exercise; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Immunity, Innate; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
PubMed: 38205547
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00444.2023 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Nov 2023The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function.
METHODS
Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group that participated in 150 min of supervised, moderate-intensity (40% to 59% V̇O 2peak , 12 to 14 on Borg rating of perceived exertion) aerobic exercise per week for 24 wk or more or a nonexercising group that consisted of 150 min·wk -1 of relaxation techniques. One-month-old infant echocardiogram was performed to assess infant cardiac function , including heart rate (HR), left-ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and velocity time integral at the aortic valve. Pearson correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed.
RESULTS
Prenatal aerobic exercise was negatively correlated with infant resting HR ( r = -0.311, P = 0.02). Similarly, when controlling for infant sex and activity state, exercise level/volume ( β = -0.316; 95% CI, -0.029 to -0.002; P = 0.02) predicted resting infant HR ( R2 = 0.18, P = 0.02). In infants of overweight/obese women, infants of aerobic exercisers had increased fractional shortening ( P = 0.03). In addition, infant ventricular ejection fraction was correlated with maternal exercise attendance ( r = 0.418, P = 0.03) as well as a trend for exercise level ( r = 0.351, P = 0.08). Similarly, the only significant regression model for infants of overweight/obese women controls infant activity state ( β = -0.444; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01; P = 0.006) and maternal exercise level ( β = 0.492; 95% CI, 5.46-28.74; P = 0.01) predicting infant resting HR ( F = 5.79, R2 = 0.40, P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study demonstrate that women participating in exercise in the second and third trimesters of their pregnancy may have infants with increased cardiac function at 1 month of age. Importantly, the cardiac function effects were further augmented for infants born to overweight/obese women.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Overweight; Pilot Projects; Exercise; Obesity; Pregnant Women
PubMed: 37259255
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003227 -
Research Quarterly For Exercise and... Sep 2023Omentin-1 is a circulating adipokine that can serve as a biomarker for assessment of metabolic risk factors. We investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic...
Omentin-1 is a circulating adipokine that can serve as a biomarker for assessment of metabolic risk factors. We investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on serum omentin-1, insulin resistance and lipid profile in nonsmokers and smokers. Nineteen male nonsmokers (aged 27.88 ± 2.47 years, and with BMI of 22.69 ± 1.77 kg.m) and twenty male smokers (aged 30.11 ± 1.96 years, and with BMI of 23.12 ± 1.91 kg.m) were randomly assigned into nonsmokers control group (C), nonsmokers exercise group (E), control smoker group (CS), and exercise smoker group (ES). Exercise groups participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise training program (three times a week, 20-35 min per session at 55%-70% of maximum heart rate). Serum omentin-1 and insulin values were determined by ELISA. The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose level and lipid profile were measured before and after the intervention. Pearson correlation test, Eta test, paired samples t-test, one and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey test were applied for data analysis ( < .05). Aerobic exercise improved both serum omentin-1 and high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the exercise groups (P < .05). Also, exercise training reduced insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < .05). Omentin-1 was significantly correlated with glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in both nonsmokers and smokers. The findings suggest that aerobic exercise-induced changes in omentin-1 in the exercise-trained groups may be associated with the beneficial effects of exercise on reduced insulin resistance and lipid profile.
Topics: Male; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Smokers; Cholesterol, LDL; Exercise; Insulin; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Glucose
PubMed: 35579951
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2070116 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Oct 2023Chronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be... (Review)
Review
Chronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fuel. Conversely, consuming ketone monoester supplements rapidly increases circulating ketone body concentrations that typically exceed those achieved by adhering to ketogenic diets. Rapid increases in ketone body concentrations with ketone monoester supplementation elicit a negative feedback inhibition that reduces fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise. Supplement-derived ketosis appears to have minimal impact on sparing of muscle glycogen or minimizing of carbohydrate oxidation during aerobic exercise. This review will discuss the substrate metabolic and associated aerobic performance responses to ketogenic diets and ketone supplements.
Topics: Humans; Ketones; Diet, Ketogenic; Ketone Bodies; Ketosis; Fatty Acids; Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Exercise
PubMed: 37721006
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023 -
Current Hypertension Reports Oct 2023Approximately 10% of the adults with hypertension fail to achieve the recommended blood pressure treatment targets on 3 antihypertensive medications or... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Approximately 10% of the adults with hypertension fail to achieve the recommended blood pressure treatment targets on 3 antihypertensive medications or require ≥ 4 medications to achieve goal. These patients with 'resistant hypertension' have an increased risk of target organ damage, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality. Although lifestyle modification is widely recommended as a first-line approach for the management of high blood pressure, the effects of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension has not been widely studied. This review aims to provide an overview of the emerging evidence on the benefits of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension, reviews potential mechanisms by which lifestyles may reduce blood pressure, and discusses the clinical implications of the recent findings in this field.
RECENT FINDINGS
Evidence from single-component randomized clinical trials demonstrated that aerobic exercise, weight loss and dietary modification can reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Moreover, evidence from multi-component trials involving exercise and dietary modification and weight management can facilitate lifestyle change, reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, and improve biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. This new evidence supports the efficacy of lifestyle modifications added to optimized medical therapy in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with resistant hypertension. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies, and the persistence of benefit over extended follow-up needs further study.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypertension; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Antihypertensive Agents; Life Style; Exercise; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 37470944
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01253-5