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Gut and Liver Jul 2023This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates.
RESULTS
The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). However, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Resistance Training; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise
PubMed: 36928126
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220345 -
Cell Metabolism Nov 2023Substantial divergence in cardio-metabolic risk, muscle size, and performance exists between men and women. Considering the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in human...
Substantial divergence in cardio-metabolic risk, muscle size, and performance exists between men and women. Considering the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in human physiology, we investigated and found, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), that differences in the muscle transcriptome between men and women are largely related to testosterone and estradiol and much less related to genes located on the Y chromosome. We demonstrate inherent unique, sex-dependent differences in muscle transcriptional responses to aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training in young and older cohorts. The hormonal changes with age likely explain age-related differential expression of transcripts. Furthermore, in primary human myotubes we demonstrate the profound but distinct effects of testosterone and estradiol on amino acid incorporation to multiple individual proteins with specific functions. These results clearly highlight the potential of designing exercise programs tailored specifically to men and women and have implications for people who change gender by altering their hormone profile.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Exercise; Testosterone; Estradiol
PubMed: 37939659
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.010 -
Journal of Sports Sciences Apr 2024Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia (EIH) refers to an acute reduced pain perception after exercise. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia (EIH) refers to an acute reduced pain perception after exercise. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of a single aerobic exercise session on local and remote EIH in healthy individuals, examining the role of exercise duration, intensity, and modality. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) are used as the main measure, applying the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE approach for certainty of evidence assessment. Mean differences (MD; Newton/cm²) for EIH effects were analysed. Thirteen studies with 23 exercises and 14 control interventions are included (498 participants). Most studies used bicycling, with only two including running/walking and one including rowing. EIH occurred both locally (MD = 3.1) and remotely (MD = 1.8), with high-intensity exercise having the largest effect (local: MD = 7.5; remote: MD = 3.0) followed by moderate intensity (local: MD = 3.1; remote: MD = 3.0). Low-intensity exercise had minimal impact. Neither long nor short exercise duration induced EIH. Bicycling was found to be effective in eliciting EIH, in contrast to the limited research observed in other modalities. The overall evidence quality was moderate with many studies showing unclear risk biases.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Pain Threshold; Pain Perception; Bicycling; Running; Time Factors
PubMed: 38726662
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2352682 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023To evaluate the effects of different durations of continuous aerobic exercise on prediabetic patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
To evaluate the effects of different durations of continuous aerobic exercise on prediabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research encompassed randomized controlled trials that examined how various durations of aerobic exercise training affected outcomes related to Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals diagnosed with prediabetes. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched as of January 7, 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias, version 2 (ROB 2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS
A total of 10 RCTs with 815 prediabetic patients were included. The average age of the participants was 56.1 years, with a standard deviation of 5.1 years. Among the participants, 39.2% were male. The interventions consisted of aerobic dance, treadmill running, walking, and a combination of aerobic exercises. The training sessions occurred three or four times per week. In prediabetic patients, aerobic exercise demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI compared to the control group, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of -1.44 kg/m (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.89, -0.98). There was a decrease in FBG levels, with WMD of -0.51 mmol/L (95% CI -0.70, -0.32). Additionally, aerobic training led to significant improvements in 2hPG levels, with a WMD of -0.76 mmol/L (95% CI -1.14, -0.38). Furthermore, prediabetic patients showed a decrease in HbA1c levels after engaging in aerobic training compared to the control group, with a WMD of -0.34% (95% CI -0.45, -0.23).
CONCLUSION
In summary, engaging in aerobic exercise can have a significant positive impact on glycemic levels in individuals with prediabetes. It can also lead to reductions in BMI, FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and other relevant indicators. The extent of these improvements may vary slightly depending on the duration of the aerobic exercise intervention.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023395515.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Glycated Hemoglobin; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37522127
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1227489 -
PloS One 2024The study examined whether rehabilitation using aerobic exercise is more appropriate for patients less than 3 months post-stroke or more appropriate for patients more... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effect of moderate and vigorous aerobic exercise training on the cognitive and walking ability among stroke patients during different periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The study examined whether rehabilitation using aerobic exercise is more appropriate for patients less than 3 months post-stroke or more appropriate for patients more than 3 months post-stroke.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI databases were searched from inception to September 2023. All studies included must be written in English and grey literature was excluded. The quality of the study was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The primary outcomes are cognitive ability and walking ability. The intervention of the experimental group must be or include high-intensity aerobic training or moderate-intensity aerobic training. In addition, we required low intensity routine exercises in control group.
RESULT
Only 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that aerobic exercise has a positive rehabilitation effect on cognitive and walking ability of stroke patients. Global Cognitive Function (SMD = 0.81 95%CI 0.49-1.12), Walking Capacity (SMD = 1.19, 95%CI 0.75-1.62), VO2peak (SMD = 0.97, 95%CI 0.66-1.28), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD = 2.73, 95%CI 2.03-3.43). We further observed that patients who suffered a stroke within the past three months exhibited superior rehabilitation outcomes compared to patients who suffered a stroke more than three months ago, specifically in terms of cognitive ability, walking tests, and cardiopulmonary function.
CONCLUSIONS
It is recommended to carry out treatment for patients in the initial stage of stroke, and it is required to pay attention to exercise intensity in the process of treatment to ensure patient safety.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Walking; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 38394189
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298339 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2024The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved lecanemab and aducanumab and is reviewing donanemab, but they have questionable efficacy, serious side effects and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative Efficacy, Tolerability, and Acceptability of Donanemab, Lecanemab, Aducanumab, Melatonin, and Aerobic Exercise for a Short Time on Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved lecanemab and aducanumab and is reviewing donanemab, but they have questionable efficacy, serious side effects and are costly, whereas melatonin administration and aerobic exercise for a short time may overcome these problems.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to compare the efficacy on cognitive function, tolerability and acceptability of melatonin administration and aerobic exercise for a short time with donanemab, lecanemab, and aducanumab in people with mild AD and MCI.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed relevant randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov and performed network meta-analyses.
RESULTS
The analysis included 10 randomized placebo-controlled trials with 4,599 patients. Although melatonin and aerobic exercise for a short time were significantly more effective than donanemab, lecanemab, aducanumab and placebo in the primary analysis, there was significant heterogeneity. In the sensitivity analysis excluding exercise, melatonin was significantly more effective than donanemab, lecanemab, aducanumab and placebo, with no significant heterogeneity. Aerobic exercise for a short time was significantly less acceptable than donanemab, aducanumab and placebo. Donanemab, lecanemab, and aducanumab were significantly less tolerable than placebo and donanemab and lecanemab were significantly less acceptable than placebo.
CONCLUSIONS
Melatonin may be a better potential disease-modifying treatment for cognitive decline in mild AD and MCI. Aerobic exercise for a short time might also be better than donanemab, lecanemab and aducanumab if continued, as it is well tolerated and more effective, although less valid due to heterogeneity. Another limitation is the small number of participants.
Topics: Humans; Melatonin; Alzheimer Disease; Network Meta-Analysis; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
PubMed: 38461503
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230911 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... May 2024Renal cachexia is a deleterious condition characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting and loss of physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Renal cachexia is a deleterious condition characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting and loss of physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality. Multimodal treatment strategies utilizing exercise and nutrition interventions have been recently suggested although the evidence base is still in its infancy. This paper aimed to review the current literature surrounding the use of exercise and nutrition for renal cachexia.
MAIN FINDINGS
Evidence from systematic reviews and narrative reviews indicates that resistance training (RT) is proven to have beneficial effects on improving muscle strength and in some cases physical function, although effects on muscle mass are mixed and inconclusive. Further, combined RT and aerobic training (AT) may have also beneficial effects on overall functional capacity and there appears to be no superior mode of protocol (inter/intra-dialysis vs. home-based). For nutrition, there is new data from systematic review of studies indicating that oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) may have beneficial effects on nutritional status (e.g. body mass index, plasma albumin and handgrip strength). Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in haemodialysis patients from two recent systematic reviews, and evidence from other populations groups indicate they may be beneficial for improving muscle mass and strength.
SUMMARY
Evidence is accumulating for individual exercise and nutrition components but specific multimodal treatment studies in renal cachexia need to be urgently undertaken.
Topics: Humans; Cachexia; Quality of Life; Hand Strength; Exercise; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38386361
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001022 -
Cells Oct 2023Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process,... (Review)
Review
Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process, known as early vascular ageing, but often lacks effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of molecular and clinical adaptations to specific stimuli. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular and clinical vascular adaptations to acute and chronic exercise. It further addresses how training characteristics (frequency, intensity, volume, and type) may influence these processes. Finally, practical recommendations are given for exercise training to maintain and improve vascular health. Exercise increases shear stress on the vascular wall and stimulates the endothelial release of circulating growth factors and of exerkines from the skeletal muscle and other organs. As a result, remodeling within the vascular walls leads to a better vasodilator and -constrictor responsiveness, reduced arterial stiffness, arterio- and angiogenesis, higher antioxidative capacities, and reduced oxidative stress. Although current evidence about specific aspects of exercise training, such as F-I-T-T, is limited, and exact training recommendations cannot be given, some practical implications can be extracted. As such, repeated stimuli 5-7 days per week might be necessary to use the full potential of these favorable physiological alterations, and the cumulative volume of mechanical shear stress seems more important than peak shear stress. Because of distinct short- and long-term effects of resistance and aerobic exercise, including higher and moderate intensities, both types of exercise should be implemented in a comprehensive training regimen. As vascular adaptability towards exercise remains high at any age in both healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular diseases, individualized exercise-based vascular health prevention should be implemented in any age group from children to centenarians.
Topics: Child; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Exercise; Muscle, Skeletal; Antioxidants; Aging; Oxidative Stress; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37947622
DOI: 10.3390/cells12212544 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Aug 2023High prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities associated with migraine increases the risk of evolution from episodic migraine to chronic migraine. This study investigated... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on psychiatric comorbidities in men with migraine and vitamin D insufficiency: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
High prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities associated with migraine increases the risk of evolution from episodic migraine to chronic migraine. This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on psychiatric comorbidities in men with migraine and vitamin D insufficiency.
METHODS
Forty-eight participants took part in this randomized controlled clinical trial and were allocated into four groups: aerobic exercise and vitamin D (AE + VD), aerobic exercise and placebo (AE + Placebo), vitamin D (VD), and Placebo. AE + VD and AE + Placebo groups performed three aerobic exercise sessions per week for eight weeks and received a vitamin D supplement and placebo, respectively. The VD group received a vitamin D supplement, and the Placebo group received a placebo for eight weeks. The depression severity, quality of sleep, and physical self-concept were measured at baseline and after eight weeks.
RESULTS
The results showed that depression severity was significantly lower in AE + VD compared to AE + Placebo, VD, and Placebo at the post-test. Our results demonstrated that in the post-test, the mean score of sleep quality in AE + VD was significantly lower than AE + Placebo, VD, and Placebo. Finally, the results revealed that after eight weeks of intervention, the physical self-concept in AE + VD was significantly higher than in VD and Placebo groups.
LIMITATIONS
Not having complete control of sun exposure and the diet were the limitations.
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that the concomitant application of AE and VD supplementation could provoke synergistic effects leading to additional psycho-cognitive health benefits in men with migraine and vitamin D insufficiency.
Topics: Male; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D Deficiency; Exercise; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 37146906
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.108 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Aug 2023Regular exercise has many favorable effects on human health, which may be mediated in part by the release of circulating bioactive factors during each bout of exercise....
Regular exercise has many favorable effects on human health, which may be mediated in part by the release of circulating bioactive factors during each bout of exercise. Limited data exist regarding the kinetic responses of plasma proteins during and after acute exercise. Proteomic profiling of 4163 proteins was performed using a large-scale, affinity-based platform in 75 middle-aged adults who were referred for treadmill exercise stress testing. Plasma proteins were quantified at baseline, peak exercise, and 1-h postexercise, and those with significant changes at both exercise timepoints were further examined for their associations with cardiometabolic traits and change with aerobic exercise training in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics Family Study, a 20-week exercise intervention study. A total of 765 proteins changed (false discovery rate < 0.05) at peak exercise compared to baseline, and 128 proteins changed (false discovery rate < 0.05) at 1-h postexercise. The 56 proteins that changed at both timepoints included midkine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, metalloproteinase inhibitor 4, and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 126 and were enriched for secreted proteins. The majority had concordant direction of change at both timepoints. Across all proteins assayed, gene set enrichment analysis showed increased abundance of coagulation-related proteins at 1-h postexercise. Forty-five proteins were associated with at least one measure of adiposity, lipids, glucose homeostasis, or cardiorespiratory fitness in Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics Family Study, and 20 proteins changed with aerobic exercise training. We identified hundreds of novel proteins that change during acute exercise, most of which resolved by 1 h into recovery. Proteins with sustained changes during exercise and recovery may be of particular interest as circulating biomarkers and pathways for further investigation in cardiometabolic diseases. These data will contribute to a biochemical roadmap of acute exercise that will be publicly available for the entire scientific community.
Topics: Adult; Middle Aged; Humans; Proteomics; Kinetics; Exercise; Blood Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37343698
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100601