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Medicine Nov 2023To investigate the effect of exercise on cardiopulmonary function and the life quality of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eighty-four patients who underwent... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
To investigate the effect of exercise on cardiopulmonary function and the life quality of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eighty-four patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis treatment for more than 3 months were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The general data and nutritional indexes, including hemoglobin and plasma albumin, before and after the experiment. The differences in lung function, cardiac ultrasound, cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance between the 2 groups before and after intervention were compared. The short form 36-item health survey (SF-36) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were assessed. In our study, the experimental group had better Force vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after the intervention compared to the control group (P < .05). Anaerobic threshold and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) improved significantly in the experimental group (P < .05), and SF-36 showed better physical functioning, social functioning, general health, and vitality scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < .05). In addition, following 24 weeks of exercise, the Depression score of the exercise group showed a statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (P < .05). After the intervention, hemoglobin improved significantly in the experimental group (P < .05). Intradialytic exercise can improve hemoglobin, Alb, pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and exercise endurance in maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to improve the quality of life, which is worthy of further promotion.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 37960758
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035990 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023Most women who menstruate experience various physical, psychological, and behavioral changes during the period between ovulation and menstruation. This study focuses on... (Review)
Review
Most women who menstruate experience various physical, psychological, and behavioral changes during the period between ovulation and menstruation. This study focuses on defining and diagnosing premenstrual disorders, distinguishing between premenstrual symptoms (PS), PMS, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It highlights the prevalence of these conditions and their impact on women's quality of life, including social, occupational, and psychological aspects. Furthermore, the study examines the role of physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, in managing premenstrual symptoms. Several systematic reviews are cited, suggesting that regular physical activity can effectively reduce both physical and psychological symptoms associated with PMS. In conclusion, the management of PMS involves a multifaceted approach, with exercises, dietary modifications, stress management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medications all playing roles. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, has been found to be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for alleviating PMS symptoms and improving overall well-being. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal type and dosage of exercise for individual women with PMS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Quality of Life; Premenstrual Syndrome; Exercise; Prevalence
PubMed: 38004093
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112044 -
Midwifery Oct 2023Though exercise during pregnancy can yield important maternal benefits, most pregnant women in China do less aerobic exercise than is currently recommended. This...
INTRODUCTION
Though exercise during pregnancy can yield important maternal benefits, most pregnant women in China do less aerobic exercise than is currently recommended. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of physical exercise among pregnant women and to identify perceived barriers to and facilitators of exercise participation.
METHODS
Purposive sampling was used to recruit 40 pregnant women attending prenatal visits at an obstetrics outpatient department of a tertiary general hospital in Southern China. Individual semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with the verbatim transcripts analyzed through content analysis.
RESULTS
Three main themes emerged from the data: perceptions and patterns of exercise; concerns and hesitations about participating in exercise; and determinants of adoption and maintenance of exercise participation. Though pregnant women recognised their need for physical exercise instruction, their demands remained unmet due to a combination of factors such as lack of knowledge, confidence, and support, and concerns about safety.
DISCUSSION
The findings of this study suggest that the provision of tailored exercise programs for pregnant women, which include education, reassurance, motivational strategies, and lay and professional support, may help improve knowledge, allay concerns, boost confidence, and bolster support when doing physical exercise.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Exercise; Qualitative Research; China
PubMed: 37598511
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103792 -
PloS One 2023This study examined the effects of acute resistance exercise on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) and mood responses in trained and untrained healthy adults.
INTRODUCTION
This study examined the effects of acute resistance exercise on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) and mood responses in trained and untrained healthy adults.
METHODS
Thirty-two healthy adults (22.1 ± 2.9 years) were recruited from trained (reporting resistance exercise at least twice per week for ≥ previous three months) and untrained (performing no resistance exercise for ≥ previous three months) groups. Participants (13 male, 19 female) completed three sets of resistance exercise (16 repetitions at 50% 1-repetition max, 12 repetitions at 70% 1-repetition max, 8 repetitions at 80% 1-repetition max). Resistance machines targeted the legs, chest, back, and abdominal muscles. Mood states, affect, and circulating eCB concentrations were evaluated before and after resistance exercise.
RESULTS
There were significant decreases in AEA, PEA, and OEA levels following acute resistance exercise (p <0.05; ds = -0.39, -0.48, -0.65, respectively), with no significant group differences or group by time interactions. 2-AG did not change significantly. Positive affect increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.009), while negative affect decreased (p <0.001). Depressive symptoms, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance decreased significantly (p <0.05), while vigor increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.005). There were no significant group differences or group by time interactions for any psychological outcomes.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that acute resistance exercise may reduce eCB and related lipid concentrations, which is opposite to the increase in lipids typically observed with acute aerobic exercise. Furthermore, psychological improvements occur after resistance exercise regardless of decreases in eCBs, supporting the notion that psychological changes with exercise likely occur through a wide variety of biological and environmental mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Endocannabinoids; Resistance Training; Affect; Exercise; Anger
PubMed: 38039265
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291845 -
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Dec 2023Although skeletal muscle releases cytokines called myokines during exercise, the kinetics of the acute myokine response to exercise (exercise-induced circulatory myokine...
Acute effect of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on serum myokine levels and resulting tumour-suppressive effect in trained patients with advanced prostate cancer.
PURPOSE
Although skeletal muscle releases cytokines called myokines during exercise, the kinetics of the acute myokine response to exercise (exercise-induced circulatory myokine level alteration) is unknown in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We measured myokine levels in serum obtained from patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) before and after exercise and assessed the growth-suppressive effect of the serum by applying it to a PCa cell line.
METHODS
Nine patients with mCRPC (age = 67.8 ± 10.1 years, time since mCRPC diagnosis 36.2 ± 22.5 months) undertook 34 min of a high-intensity interval exercise session on a cycle ergometer. Blood was collected immediately pre, post and 30 min post. Serum levels of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), decorin, irisin, and IGF-1 were determined. Growth of the androgen-independent PCa cell line DU-145 exposed to serum collected at three points was measured.
RESULTS
There was a significant elevation of SPARC (19.9%, P = 0.048), OSM (11.5%, P = 0.001), IL-6 (10.2%, P = 0.02) and IL-15 (7.8%, P = 0.023) in serum collected immediately after exercise compared to baseline, returning to baseline after 30 min rest. A significant reduction in DU-145 Cell growth and the Cell Index area under the curve at 72 h incubation was observed with the presence of serum obtained immediately post-exercise (Cell Index at 72 h: 16.9%, P < 0.001; area under the curve: 15.2%, P < 0.001) and with the presence of serum obtained 30 min post-exercise compared to baseline (Cell Index at 72 h: 6.5%; area under the curve: 8.8%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study provides preliminary evidence for an acute exercise-induced myokine response and tumour growth suppression in serum after a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in patients with advanced PCa.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-15; Osteonectin; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Exercise
PubMed: 36446945
DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00624-4 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2024There is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for brain health, but these effects are variable between individuals and the underlying mechanisms that modulate...
BACKGROUND
There is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for brain health, but these effects are variable between individuals and the underlying mechanisms that modulate these benefits remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to characterize the acute physiological response of bioenergetic and neurotrophic blood biomarkers to exercise in cognitively healthy older adults, as well as relationships with brain blood flow.
METHODS
We measured exercise-induced changes in lactate, which has been linked to brain blood flow, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin related to brain health. We further quantified changes in brain blood flow using arterial spin labeling.
RESULTS
As expected, lactate and BDNF both changed with time post exercise. Intriguingly, there was a negative relationship between lactate response (area under the curve) and brain blood flow measured acutely following exercise. Finally, the BDNF response tracked strongly with change in platelet activation, providing evidence that platelet activation is an important mechanism for trophic-related exercise responses.
CONCLUSIONS
Lactate and BDNF respond acutely to exercise, and the lactate response tracks with changes in brain blood flow. Further investigation into how these factors relate to brain health-related outcomes in exercise trials is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Exercise; Lactic Acid; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38108352
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230766 -
Experimental Brain Research Apr 2024Aerobic exercise improves the three stages of emotion regulation: perception, valuation and action. It reduces the perception of negative emotions, encourages... (Review)
Review
Aerobic exercise improves the three stages of emotion regulation: perception, valuation and action. It reduces the perception of negative emotions, encourages individuals to reinterpret emotional situations in a positive or non-emotional manner, and enhances control over emotion expression behaviours. These effects are generated via increased prefrontal cortex activation, the strengthening of functional connections between the amygdala and several other brain regions, and the enhancement of the plasticity of key emotion regulation pathways and nodes, such as the uncinate fasciculus. The effect of aerobic exercise on emotion regulation is influenced by the exercise intensity and duration, and by individuals' exercise experience. Future research may explore the key neural basis of aerobic exercise's promotion of emotion regulation.
Topics: Humans; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Brain; Prefrontal Cortex; Brain Mapping; Exercise; Neural Pathways; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38400992
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06791-1 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Dec 2023Post, EM, and Kraemer, WJ. Physiological mechanisms that impact exercise adaptations for individuals with Down syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): e646-e655, 2023-Down... (Review)
Review
Post, EM, and Kraemer, WJ. Physiological mechanisms that impact exercise adaptations for individuals with Down syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): e646-e655, 2023-Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder diagnosed in the United States since 2014. There is a wide range of intellectual severities, with the average IQ of individuals with DS at approximately 50 and adults without intellectual delay at approximately 70-130. Individuals with DS vary from mild to severe cognitive impairment, depending on the phenotypic penetration on the 21st chromosome, with the average cognitive capacity equivalent to a cognitive functioning of an 8- to 9-year-old child. To have successful health, all aspects of health must be considered (i.e., overall health, fitness, and social). Both aerobic training and resistance training (RT) are favored for a healthy lifestyle. Resistance training specifically can help improve motor function and overall activities of daily living. Although many motivational and environmental barriers for individuals with DS can make exercising difficult, there are many ways to overcome those barriers (both intrinsically and extrinsically). Individuals with DS should strive for 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise a week or a combination of both. The individual should also strive for 2 or more days a week of strengthening activities, such as RT, involving all muscle groups. These activities will help improve many aspects of life, leading to a better quality of life. Regular group exercise activity can help increase self-confidence and success socially in life. This review will focus on the underlying biological mechanisms related to DS, their influence on exercise, and the roles exercise plays in mediating positive health, physical fitness, and social lifestyle outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Quality of Life; Down Syndrome; Activities of Daily Living; Exercise; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 38015740
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004658 -
Medicine Jul 2023Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as decreased high-density... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has long been recognized as a major risk factor for age-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that exercise can be effective in mitigating dyslipidemia in older adults. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities (aerobic exercise [AE], resistance exercise [RE], aerobic+resistance exercise [AE+RE], and high-intensity interval training) on lipid profile in the elderly population, in order to identify the most effective exercise modality for maintaining lipid profile health in older adults.
METHODS
A comprehensive database search of PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database. Eligible studies were individually assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2, and the data were analyzed and processed using RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software.
RESULTS
This study identified 20 randomized controlled trials with a total of 988 subjects, of which 541 were in the exercise group and 447 in the control group. Our analysis showed that AE significantly reduced TC (P < .05), triglycerides (P < .01), and LDL-C (P < .01), while increasing HDL-C (P < .01) in the elderly population. RE significantly reduced the elevation of TC (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .05) indices in the elderly population, while AE+RE had a significant effect on decreasing TC (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .01) indices.
CONCLUSION
Our analysis indicates that AE is the most effective exercise modality for reducing dyslipidemia in older adults, compared to RE, AE+RE, and high-intensity interval training. These findings suggest that AE should be promoted as an important lifestyle intervention to improve lipid profile health in the elderly population. However, further research is needed to investigate the optimal duration, frequency, and intensity of AE required to achieve the most beneficial effects on lipid profile health in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Lipids; Cholesterol, LDL; Exercise; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL; Hypercholesterolemia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37478257
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033854 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Oct 2023Aging increases arterial stiffness and wave reflections that augment left ventricular wasted pressure effort (WPE). A single bout of exercise may be effective at acutely...
Aging increases arterial stiffness and wave reflections that augment left ventricular wasted pressure effort (WPE). A single bout of exercise may be effective at acutely reducing WPE via reductions in arterial wave reflections. In young adults (YA) acute aerobic exercise decreases, whereas handgrip increases, wave reflections. Whether acute exercise mitigates or exacerbates WPE and arterial wave reflection in healthy aging warrants further examination. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are age-related differences in WPE and wave reflection during acute handgrip and aerobic exercise. When compared with baseline, WPE increased substantially in older adults (OA) during handgrip (5,219 ± 2,396 vs. 7,019 ± 2,888 mmHg·ms, < 0.001). When compared with baseline, there was a robust reduction in WPE in OA during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (5,428 ± 2,084 vs. 3,290 ± 1,537 mmHg·ms, < 0.001), despite absolute WPE remaining higher in OA compared with YA during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (OA 3,290 ± 1,537 vs. YA 1,188 ± 962 mmHg·ms, < 0.001). There was no change in wave reflection timing indexed to ejection duration in OA during handgrip (40 ± 6 vs. 38 ± 4%, = 0.41) or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (40 ± 5 vs. 42 ± 8%, = 0.99). Conversely, there was an earlier return of wave reflection in YA during handgrip (60 ± 11 vs. 52 ± 6%, < 0.001) and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (59 ± 7 vs. 51 ± 9%, < 0.001). Changes in stroke volume were not different between groups during handgrip ( = 0.08) or aerobic exercise ( = 0.47). The greater increase in WPE during handgrip and decrease in WPE during aerobic exercise suggest that aortic hemodynamic responses to acute exercise are exaggerated with healthy aging without affecting stroke volume. We demonstrated that acute aerobic exercise attenuated, whereas handgrip augmented, left ventricular hemodynamic load from wave reflections more in healthy older (OA) compared with young adults (YA) without altering stroke volume. These findings suggest an exaggerated aortic hemodynamic response to acute exercise perturbations with aging. They also highlight the importance of considering exercise modality when examining aortic hemodynamic responses to acute exercise in older adults.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Aged; Hand Strength; Healthy Aging; Arteries; Exercise; Hemodynamics; Blood Pressure; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 37477688
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00133.2023