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Nutrients Apr 2024Natural products from mushrooms, plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been intensively explored and studied for their preventive or therapeutic potential. Among... (Review)
Review
Natural products from mushrooms, plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been intensively explored and studied for their preventive or therapeutic potential. Among age-related pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) represent a worldwide health and social problem. Since several pathological mechanisms are associated with neurodegeneration, promising strategies against neurodegenerative diseases are aimed to target multiple processes. These approaches usually avoid premature cell death and the loss of function of damaged neurons. This review focuses attention on the preventive and therapeutic potential of several compounds derived from natural sources, which could be exploited for their neuroprotective effect. Curcumin, resveratrol, ergothioneine, and phycocyanin are presented as examples of successful approaches, with a special focus on possible strategies to improve their delivery to the brain.
Topics: Neuroprotective Agents; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Curcumin; Resveratrol; Ergothioneine; Biological Products; Phycocyanin; Animals; Cyanobacteria; Agaricales; Microalgae
PubMed: 38732545
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091298 -
Medical Mycology Mar 2024Fungi are often considered a delicacy and are primarily cultivated and harvested, although numerous species are responsible for intoxication due to toxin content.... (Review)
Review
Fungi are often considered a delicacy and are primarily cultivated and harvested, although numerous species are responsible for intoxication due to toxin content. Foodborne diseases are a significant public health concern, causing approximately 420 000 deaths and 600 million morbidities yearly, of which mushroom poisoning is one of the leading causes. Epidemiological data on non-cultivated mushroom poisoning in individual countries are often unrepresentative, as intoxication rarely requires emergency intervention. On the other hand, the lack of specialist knowledge among medical personnel about the toxicological manifestations of mushroom consumption may result in ineffective therapeutic interventions. This work aims to provide an easy-to-consult and wide-ranging tool useful for better understanding the variability of mushroom intoxications, the associated symptoms, and the main treatments for the most severe cases, given the absence of a complete species mapping tool toxic. Moreover, we establish an effective collection network that describes the incidence of mushroom poisonings by reporting the species and associated toxicological manifestations for each case. In conclusion, we highlight the need to establish appropriate primary prevention interventions, such as training the affected population and increasing consultancy relationships between mycological experts and specialised healthcare personnel.
Topics: Humans; Mushroom Poisoning; Agaricales
PubMed: 38569657
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae033 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Apr 2024Mushrooms are distinguished as important food-containing polysaccharides possessing potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. These compounds belong... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms are distinguished as important food-containing polysaccharides possessing potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. These compounds belong mostly to polysaccharides that are mostly β-D-glucans. Among them, β-1,3-glucan with β-1,6 side chains of glucose residues, has more important roles in their properties. In this review, we have introduced polysaccharides mainly from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus citrinopileatus with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. In addition, the mechanisms of activation of their physiological properties and signal cascade are also reviewed.
Topics: Agaricales; Polysaccharides; Shiitake Mushrooms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38364705
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103076 -
Journal of Asian Natural Products... 2023Two new polyketides, pholiotones B and C ( and ), and four known compounds, trichodermatide D (), vermistatin (), dehydroaltenuene A () and terpestacin () were isolated...
Two new polyketides, pholiotones B and C ( and ), and four known compounds, trichodermatide D (), vermistatin (), dehydroaltenuene A () and terpestacin () were isolated from the crude extract of sp. Their structures were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of compounds and were elucidated by modified Mosher's method, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and C NMR calculations as well as DP4+ probability analyses. All the compounds were evaluated for their antifungal and cytotoxicity.
Topics: Molecular Structure; Pholiota; Polyketides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 36250229
DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2132481 -
Identification of bolegrevilol B and C as novel antioxidant compounds in Suillus grevillei mushroom.Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Sep 2023Suillus grevillei is a popular species of mushroom available worldwide. In this study, we isolated compounds, bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C, from the mushroom and...
Suillus grevillei is a popular species of mushroom available worldwide. In this study, we isolated compounds, bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C, from the mushroom and observed their potent lipid peroxidation-inhibiting activity. The structures of bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C were elucidated as 3-geranylgeranyl-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and 3-geranylgeranyl-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzene, respectively, through high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (-) and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Bolegrevilol B and C inhibited lipid peroxidation and exhibited IC50 values of 2.0 ± 0.29 µm and 1.0 ± 0.13 µm, respectively. Furthermore, bolegrevilol B and C demonstrated potent neuroprotective activities in neuronal hybridoma N18-RE-105 cells against L-glutamate toxicity (EC50 of 1.8 ± 1.7 n m and 7.2 ± 6.9 n m, respectively). Bolegrevilol B was found in nature for the first time, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the antioxidant activities of bolegrevilol B and C.
Topics: Antioxidants; Agaricales; Basidiomycota
PubMed: 37458792
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad096 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2023Six strains representing two novel ascomycetous yeast species were isolated from mushroom fruiting bodies and cocoa leaves collected in Thailand. Analysis of the...
Six strains representing two novel ascomycetous yeast species were isolated from mushroom fruiting bodies and cocoa leaves collected in Thailand. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene sequences showed that the six strains were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of four strains (DMKU-SSK46, DMKU-SK1, SCCL3-5 and SCCL19-3), that were closely related to the type strains of , , , and , but with 12-14 (2.5-2.9 %) and 28-50 (5.4-8.8 %) nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and the ITS regions, respectively. However, two strains (DMKU-KMY40 and DMKU-KO18) of the second group differed from a group of described species, , , , , , and by 8-15 (1.5-2.8 %) and 45-53 (8.2-9.6 %) nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and the ITS regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS regions and D1/D2 domains showed that these strains represented two species of the clade that were distinct from the other related species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, these six strains were assigned to two novel species of the genus , although formation of ascospores was not observed. f.a., sp. nov., is proposed for the first group (four strains). The holotype is TBRC 17139 (ex-type culture: PYCC 9797). The MycoBank number is MB 849637. f.a., sp. nov. is proposed for the second group (two strains). The holotype is TBRC 14868 (ex-type culture: PYCC 8907). The MycoBank number is MB 849638. In addition, it is proposed that , and are reassigned to the genus as comb. nov., comb. nov. and comb. nov., respectively.
Topics: Phylogeny; Thailand; Agaricales; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatty Acids; Saccharomycetales; Ascomycota; Nucleotides; DNA, Fungal; Mycological Typing Techniques
PubMed: 37991225
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006174 -
Bioengineered Dec 2023Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the... (Review)
Review
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.
Topics: Animals; Agaricales; Biomass; Recycling; Sustainable Development
PubMed: 37670430
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252138 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2023Traditional strict separation of fungi into ecological niches as mutualist, parasite or saprotroph is increasingly called into question. Sequences of assumed saprotrophs...
Traditional strict separation of fungi into ecological niches as mutualist, parasite or saprotroph is increasingly called into question. Sequences of assumed saprotrophs have been amplified from plant root interiors, and several saprotrophic genera can invade and interact with host plants in laboratory growth experiments. However, it is uncertain if root invasion by saprotrophic fungi is a widespread phenomenon and if laboratory interactions mirror field conditions. Here, we focused on the widespread and speciose saprotrophic genus Mycena and performed (1) a systematic survey of their occurrences (in ITS1/ITS2 datasets) in mycorrhizal roots of 10 plant species, and (2) an analysis of natural abundances of C/ N stable isotope signatures of Mycena basidiocarps from five field locations to examine their trophic status. We found that Mycena was the only saprotrophic genus consistently found in 9 out of 10 plant host roots, with no indication that the host roots were senescent or otherwise vulnerable. Furthermore, Mycena basidiocarps displayed isotopic signatures consistent with published C/ N profiles of both saprotrophic and mutualistic lifestyles, supporting earlier laboratory-based studies. We argue that Mycena are widespread latent invaders of healthy plant roots and that Mycena species may form a spectrum of interactions besides saprotrophy also in the field.
Topics: Mycorrhizae; Agaricales; Symbiosis; Plants; Plant Roots
PubMed: 37188366
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16398 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024mushrooms are an important genus in the Agaricaceae family, belonging to the order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota. Among them, is a common mushroom for mass... (Review)
Review
mushrooms are an important genus in the Agaricaceae family, belonging to the order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota. Among them, is a common mushroom for mass consumption, which is not only nutritious but also possesses significant medicinal properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The rare edible mushroom, , contains unique agaricol compounds with significant anticancer activity against liver cancer. is believed to expel wind and cold, i.e., the pathogenic factors of wind and cold from the body, and is an important formula in traditional Chinese medicine. Despite its nutritional richness and outstanding medicinal value, mushrooms have not been systematically compiled and summarized. Therefore, the present review compiles and classifies 70 natural products extracted from mushrooms over the past six decades. These compounds exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities, with particular emphasis on antitumor and antioxidant properties. While and are the primary producers of these compounds, studies on secondary metabolites from other species remain limited. Further research is needed to explore and understand the anticancer and nutritional properties of mushrooms. This review contributes to the understanding of the structure, bioactivity, and biosynthetic pathways of compounds and provides insights for the development of functional foods using these mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricus; Humans; Secondary Metabolism; Biological Products; Antioxidants; Antineoplastic Agents; Animals; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38776247
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01861 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Sep 2023A new polyaromatic metabolite, ent-herqueidiketal (1), and a new phenalenone derivative, epi-peniciherqueinone (2), along with twelve known compounds 3-14, were isolated...
A new polyaromatic metabolite, ent-herqueidiketal (1), and a new phenalenone derivative, epi-peniciherqueinone (2), along with twelve known compounds 3-14, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium herquei YNJ-35, a symbiotic fungus of Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus collected from Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. The structures of 1-14 and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by their spectroscopic data or by their single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis or optical rotation values. Compound 1 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL. In the cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activity against breast cancer MCF-7 and mice microglial BV2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ) of 17.58 and 29.56 μM; compound 14 showed stronger cytotoxicity against BV2 and MCF-7 cells with IC values of 6.57 and 10.26 μM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Agaricales; Molecular Structure; China; Penicillium
PubMed: 37580280
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300991