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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023To obtain the optimal fermentation condition for more abundant secondary metabolites, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was chosen for the scale-up fermentation of the...
To obtain the optimal fermentation condition for more abundant secondary metabolites, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was chosen for the scale-up fermentation of the fungus HL-44 associated with the soft coral . The EtOAc extract of the fungi HL-44 was subjected to repeated column chromatography (CC) on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and semipreparative RP-HPLC to afford a new ergostane-type sterol ester () together with fifteen derivatives (-). Their structures were determined with spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with reported data. The anti-inflammatory activity of the tested isolates was assessed by evaluating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and in Raw264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or DMXAA. Compounds , , and exhibited significant inhibition of expression, while compounds , , and showed strong inhibition of expression in LPS-stimulated cells. In DMXAA-stimulated cells, compounds , , and effectively suppressed expression, whereas compounds , , and demonstrated the most potent inhibition of expression. These findings suggest that the tested compounds may exert their anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the cGAS-STING pathway. This study provides valuable insight into the chemical diversity of ergosteroid derivatives and their potential as anti-inflammatory agents.
Topics: Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Penicillium; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Fungi; Agaricales; Anthozoa
PubMed: 38067514
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237784 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2024This study investigated the non-volatile metabolites and antioxidant activity of Douchi, an edible mushroom by-product. A total of 695 non-volatile metabolites were...
This study investigated the non-volatile metabolites and antioxidant activity of Douchi, an edible mushroom by-product. A total of 695 non-volatile metabolites were detected using UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis, and the greatest impact on metabolite composition was observed during Koji-making and the first 5 days of post-fermentation. Throughout the fermentation process, 366 differential metabolites were identified, with flavonoids being the most prominent followed by amino acids and their derivatives, which were found to be important for the quality of edible mushroom by-product Douchi (EMD). The antioxidant capacity of EMD significantly increased with the longer fermentation time, which might be associated with the conversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones, amino acids and their derivatives, free fatty acids, group A saponins, and phenolic acids. These findings suggested that different fermentation phases of EMD significantly affected the non-volatile metabolite profile and antioxidant capacity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Agaricales; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Fermentation; Amino Acids; Metabolomics
PubMed: 37572484
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137066 -
Identification of bolegrevilol B and C as novel antioxidant compounds in Suillus grevillei mushroom.Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Sep 2023Suillus grevillei is a popular species of mushroom available worldwide. In this study, we isolated compounds, bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C, from the mushroom and...
Suillus grevillei is a popular species of mushroom available worldwide. In this study, we isolated compounds, bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C, from the mushroom and observed their potent lipid peroxidation-inhibiting activity. The structures of bolegrevilol B and bolegrevilol C were elucidated as 3-geranylgeranyl-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and 3-geranylgeranyl-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzene, respectively, through high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (-) and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Bolegrevilol B and C inhibited lipid peroxidation and exhibited IC50 values of 2.0 ± 0.29 µm and 1.0 ± 0.13 µm, respectively. Furthermore, bolegrevilol B and C demonstrated potent neuroprotective activities in neuronal hybridoma N18-RE-105 cells against L-glutamate toxicity (EC50 of 1.8 ± 1.7 n m and 7.2 ± 6.9 n m, respectively). Bolegrevilol B was found in nature for the first time, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the antioxidant activities of bolegrevilol B and C.
Topics: Antioxidants; Agaricales; Basidiomycota
PubMed: 37458792
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad096 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023In this work, aqueous extracts from six different Pleurotus species were obtained and their yield, gross composition, β-glucan content, monosaccharide profile, thermal...
In this work, aqueous extracts from six different Pleurotus species were obtained and their yield, gross composition, β-glucan content, monosaccharide profile, thermal stability, molecular weight distribution, and FT-IR were analyzed before and after purification through ethanol precipitation of the carbohydrate-rich fractions. The bioactivity (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity) of the various fractions obtained was also analyzed in three different cell cultures and compared with a lentinan control. The trend observed after purification of the aqueous fractions was an increase in the concentration of polysaccharides (especially β-glucans), a decrease in ash, glucosamine and protein content and the elimination of low molecular weight (Mw) compounds, thus leaving in the purified samples high Mw populations with increased thermal stability. Interestingly, all these purified fractions displayed immunomodulatory capacity when tested in THP-1 macrophages and most of them also showed significant activity in HEK-hTLR4 cells, highlighting the bioactivity observed for Pleurotus ostreatus (both the extracts obtained from the whole mushroom and from the stipes). This specific species was richer in heteropolysaccharides, having moderate β-glucan content and being enriched upon purification in a high Mw fraction with good thermal stability.
Topics: beta-Glucans; Pleurotus; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Polysaccharides; Agaricales
PubMed: 37827398
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127255 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024Recently, mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety problems in China, especially in Yunnan province. However, there is insufficient information...
Recently, mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety problems in China, especially in Yunnan province. However, there is insufficient information on many poisoning incidents, including mushroom information, identification and poisoning symptoms etc. In October 2022, a female midwife in Yunnan province consumed a wild mushroom twice. Detailed epidemiological investigation and mushroom identification were performed in this report. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, the suspected mushroom was identified as Gymnopus dryophiloides (Omphalotaceae, Agaricomycetes). The victim reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, accompanied by dizziness, headache, drowsiness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, and weakness. The incubation period was approximately 30 min. After the victim's own vomiting, the symptoms began to subside for about an hour. Up to date, there are no detailed reports of poisoning in G. dryophiloides. In conclusion, it is the first detailed poisoning report of G. dryophiloides in the world.
Topics: Humans; Female; Phylogeny; China; Agaricales; Mushroom Poisoning; Vomiting
PubMed: 38505905
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024052509 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Oct 2023Several Pleurotus species (oyster mushrooms) are commercially cultivated in India owing to the favorable tropical agro-climatic conditions. However, there are only a few...
Several Pleurotus species (oyster mushrooms) are commercially cultivated in India owing to the favorable tropical agro-climatic conditions. However, there are only a few studies on the microbiome of mushrooms, especially oyster mushrooms. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of endobacteria on mycelial growth, spawning, sporophore development, and proximate composition of P. pulmonarius. We isolated several bacterial strains from the sporophores of P. pulmonarius and assessed the in vitro production of indole acetic acid, ammonia, and siderophores. The selected bacteria were individually supplemented with spawn, substrate, or both for sporophore production. Three of 130 isolates were selected as mycelial growth-promoting bacteria in both solid and submerged fermentation. These bacterial isolates were identified through Gram staining, biochemical characterization, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Isolate PP showed 99.24% similarity with Priestia paraflexa, whereas isolates PJ1 and PJ2 showed 99.78% and 99.65% similarities, respectively, with Rossellomorea marisflavi. The bacterial supplementation with spawn, substrate, or both, increased the biological efficiency (BE) and nutrient content of the mushrooms. The bacterial supplementation with substrate augmented BE by 64.84%, 13.73%, and 27.13% using PJ2, PP, and PJ1, respectively; under similar conditions of spawn supplementation, BE was increased by 15.24%, 47.30%, 48.10%, respectively. Overall, the supplementation of endobacteria to improve oyster mushroom cultivation may open a new avenue for sustainable agricultural practices in the mushroom industry.
Topics: Pleurotus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Agaricales; Agriculture
PubMed: 37857876
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03776-0 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Sep 2023A new polyaromatic metabolite, ent-herqueidiketal (1), and a new phenalenone derivative, epi-peniciherqueinone (2), along with twelve known compounds 3-14, were isolated...
A new polyaromatic metabolite, ent-herqueidiketal (1), and a new phenalenone derivative, epi-peniciherqueinone (2), along with twelve known compounds 3-14, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium herquei YNJ-35, a symbiotic fungus of Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus collected from Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. The structures of 1-14 and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by their spectroscopic data or by their single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis or optical rotation values. Compound 1 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL. In the cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activity against breast cancer MCF-7 and mice microglial BV2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ) of 17.58 and 29.56 μM; compound 14 showed stronger cytotoxicity against BV2 and MCF-7 cells with IC values of 6.57 and 10.26 μM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Agaricales; Molecular Structure; China; Penicillium
PubMed: 37580280
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300991 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024mushrooms are an important genus in the Agaricaceae family, belonging to the order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota. Among them, is a common mushroom for mass... (Review)
Review
mushrooms are an important genus in the Agaricaceae family, belonging to the order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota. Among them, is a common mushroom for mass consumption, which is not only nutritious but also possesses significant medicinal properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The rare edible mushroom, , contains unique agaricol compounds with significant anticancer activity against liver cancer. is believed to expel wind and cold, i.e., the pathogenic factors of wind and cold from the body, and is an important formula in traditional Chinese medicine. Despite its nutritional richness and outstanding medicinal value, mushrooms have not been systematically compiled and summarized. Therefore, the present review compiles and classifies 70 natural products extracted from mushrooms over the past six decades. These compounds exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities, with particular emphasis on antitumor and antioxidant properties. While and are the primary producers of these compounds, studies on secondary metabolites from other species remain limited. Further research is needed to explore and understand the anticancer and nutritional properties of mushrooms. This review contributes to the understanding of the structure, bioactivity, and biosynthetic pathways of compounds and provides insights for the development of functional foods using these mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricus; Humans; Secondary Metabolism; Biological Products; Antioxidants; Antineoplastic Agents; Animals; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38776247
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01861 -
BMC Genomics Sep 2023The Inonotus obliquus mushroom, a wondrous fungus boasting edible and medicinal qualities, has been widely used as a folk medicine and shown to have many potential...
BACKGROUND
The Inonotus obliquus mushroom, a wondrous fungus boasting edible and medicinal qualities, has been widely used as a folk medicine and shown to have many potential pharmacological secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to supply a global landscape of genome-based integrated omic analysis of the fungus under lab-growth conditions.
RESULTS
This study presented a genome with high accuracy and completeness using the Pacbio Sequel II third-generation sequencing method. The de novo assembled fungal genome was 36.13 Mb, and contained 8352 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 365 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-coding genes and 19 biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) for secondary metabolites were identified. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed a global view of differential metabolic change between seed and fermentation culture, and demonstrated positive correlations between transcription and expression levels of 157 differentially expressed genes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, secondary metabolites, antioxidant and immune responses. Facilitated by the widely targeted metabolomic approach, a total of 307 secondary substances were identified and quantified, with a significant increase in the production of antioxidant polyphenols.
CONCLUSION
This study provided the comprehensive analysis of the fungus Inonotus obliquus, and supplied fundamental information for further screening of promising target metabolites and exploring the link between the genome and metabolites.
Topics: Agaricales; Antioxidants; Proteomics; Inonotus
PubMed: 37726686
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09656-z -
Food & Function Aug 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characteristics and fermentation patterns of polysaccharides from mushrooms. Polysaccharides were solubilized...
The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characteristics and fermentation patterns of polysaccharides from mushrooms. Polysaccharides were solubilized from fruit bodies of selected mushrooms , , and using subcritical water extraction. polysaccharides were characterized for their general physicochemical pattern, constituent monosaccharides and molecular weight. A simulated fermentation model was used to study the utilization of polysaccharides by the gut microbiota and their consequent modulation of microbial communities. Results showed that the main constituent monosaccharides of polysaccharides were glucose, galactose and mannose, followed by fucose, xylose and rhamnose, with glucose being the most abundant. The polysaccharides from and exhibited a relatively high proportion of galactose and mannose, respectively. polysaccharides exhibited a wide range of molecular weights (5 kDa to 2000 kDa), which covered multiple polysaccharide populations, but the proportions of these populations varied among the samples. polysaccharides were gradually utilized by the human fecal microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs. polysaccharides contributed to a healthier gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera such as and and reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacterial genera such as and -. polysaccharides showed better fermentability and prebiotic effects than the other polysaccharide groups. Therefore, the consumption of select mushrooms, particularly , could be a potential approach to obtain polysaccharides for microbiota modulation and to support gut health.
Topics: Humans; Agaricales; Fermentation; Galactose; Mannose; Polysaccharides; Monosaccharides; Glucose; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 37548291
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01085f