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Scientific Reports Aug 2023Previous studies showed that intrauterine growth restrictions, resulting in smaller body size at birth, are associated with altered development and the risk of...
Previous studies showed that intrauterine growth restrictions, resulting in smaller body size at birth, are associated with altered development and the risk of age-related diseases in adult life. Thus, prenatal development may predict aging trajectories in humans. The study aimed to verify if body size at birth is related to biological age in adult men. The study sample consisted of 159 healthy, non-smoking men with a mean age of 35.24 (SD 3.44) years. Birth weight and length were taken from medical records. The ponderal index at birth was calculated. Biological age was evaluated based on serum levels of s-Klotho, hsCRP, DHEA/S, and oxidative stress markers. Pregnancy age at birth, lifestyle, weight, cortisol, and testosterone levels were controlled. The results showed no relationship between birth size and s-Klotho, DHEA/S level, inflammation, or oxidative stress. Also, men born as small-for-gestational-age (N = 49) and men born as appropriate-for-gestational-age (N = 110) did not differ in terms of biological age markers levels. The results were similar when controlled for pregnancy week at birth, chronological age, BMI, testosterone, or cortisol level. The results suggest that there is no relationship between intrauterine growth and biomarkers of aging in men aged 30-45 years from the affluent population.
Topics: Adult; Infant, Newborn; Male; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Birth Weight; Hydrocortisone; Biomarkers; Aging; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Fetal Growth Retardation
PubMed: 37648769
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41065-w -
Ecology and Evolution Sep 2023Age-, region-, and year-specific estimates of reproduction are needed for monitoring wildlife populations during periods of ecosystem change. Population dynamics of...
Age-, region-, and year-specific estimates of reproduction are needed for monitoring wildlife populations during periods of ecosystem change. Population dynamics of Steller sea lions () in Southeast Alaska varied regionally (with high population growth and survival in the north vs. the south) and annually (with reduced adult female survival observed following a severe marine heatwave event), but reproductive performance is currently unknown. We used mark-resighting data from 1006 Steller sea lion females marked as pups at ~3 weeks of age from 1994 to 1995 and from 2001 to 2005 and resighted from 2002 to 2019 (to a maximum age of 25) to examine age-, region-, and year-specific reproduction. In the north versus the south, age of first reproduction was earlier (beginning at age 4 vs. age 5, respectively) but annual birth probabilities of parous females were reduced by 0.05. In an average year pre-heatwave, the proportion of females with pup at the end of the pupping season peaked at ages 12-13 with ~0.60/0.65 (north/south) with pup, ~0.30/0.25 with juvenile, and ~0.10 (both regions) without a dependent. In both regions, reproductive senescence was gradual after age 12: ~0.40, 0.40, and 0.20 of females were in these reproductive states, respectively, by age 20. Correcting for neonatal mortality, true birth probabilities at peak ages were 0.66/0.72 (north/south). No cost of reproduction on female survival was detected, but pup production remained lower (-0.06) after the heatwave event, which if sustained could result in population decline in the south. Reduced pup production and greater retention of juveniles during periods of poor prey conditions may be an important strategy for Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska, where fine-tuning reproduction based on nutritional status may improve the lifetime probability of producing pups under good conditions in a variable and less productive environment.
PubMed: 37780535
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10515 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... May 2024Chronological age often differs from dental and skeletal age. With orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms, dental and skeletal development can be determined...
PURPOSE
Chronological age often differs from dental and skeletal age. With orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms, dental and skeletal development can be determined according to the methods published by Demirjian et al. and Baccetti et al. However, gender and skeletal class as possible confounders were frequently not considered and available norm values are not up-to-date. This retrospective cross-sectional study thus aimed to evaluate effects of skeletal class and gender on dental and skeletal age of growing patients and to generate updated norm values for contemporary Central-European patients.
METHODS
A total of 551 patients were included in the dental and 733 in the skeletal age assessment, respectively. Dental analysis was based on tooth mineralisation stages in orthopantomograms (Demirjian) and skeletal age was defined by cervical vertebrae maturation stages (CVMS) in lateral cephalograms (Baccetti). Skeletal class was determined by the individualised ANB angle of Panagiotidis/Witt. With nonlinear regression analysis a formula for determining dental age was established. Effects of gender and skeletal class were evaluated and updated norm values generated.
RESULTS
Inter- and intrarater reliability tests revealed at least substantial measurement concordance for tooth mineralisation and CVMS. Demirjian stages and CVMS significantly depended on gender with girls developing earlier. Skeletal class significantly affected skeletal age only, but without clinical relevance. Updated norm values for dental age differed significantly from the original values of Demirjian and the values for skeletal age differed from those published by Baccetti.
CONCLUSION
Optimised norms, separated by gender, increase precision in determining individual dental and skeletal age during orthodontic treatment planning. Further studies analysing the effect of skeletal class on dental and skeletal development are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Reference Values; Age Determination by Teeth; Child; Age Determination by Skeleton; Adolescent; Radiography, Panoramic; Cephalometry; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Germany; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36239773
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00431-5 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Apr 2024Obesity distorts airways and slightly complicates intubations in adults, but whether obesity complicates pediatric intubations remains unclear. We, therefore, tested the...
BACKGROUND
Obesity distorts airways and slightly complicates intubations in adults, but whether obesity complicates pediatric intubations remains unclear. We, therefore, tested the primary hypothesis that increasing age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile is associated with difficult intubation, defined as >1 intubation attempt.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients between 2 and 18 years of age who had noncardiac surgery with oral endotracheal intubation. We assessed the association between BMI percentile and difficult intubation, defined as >1 intubation attempt, using a confounder-adjusted multivariable logistic regression model. Secondarily, we assessed whether the main association depended on preoperative substantial airway abnormality status or age group.
RESULTS
A total of 9339 patients were included in the analysis. Median [quartiles] age- and sex-specific BMI percentile was 70 [33, 93], and 492 (5.3%) patients had difficult intubation. There was no apparent association between age- and sex-specific BMI percentile and difficult intubation. The estimated odds ratio (OR) for having difficult intubation for a 10-unit increase in BMI percentile was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.005) and was consistent across the 3 age groups of early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence (interaction P = .53). Patients with preoperative substantial airway abnormalities had lower odds of difficult intubation per 10-unit increase in BMI percentile, with OR (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.70-0.98), P = .01.
CONCLUSIONS
Age- and sex-specific BMI percentile was not associated with difficult intubation in children between 2 and 18 years of age. As in adults, obesity in children does not much complicate intubation.
Topics: Male; Adult; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Body Mass Index; Retrospective Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Cohort Studies; Intubation, Intratracheal
PubMed: 36920865
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006400 -
Innovation in Aging 2023Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination based on age. Perceived age discrimination (e.g., the behavioral component of ageism) is highly prevalent...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination based on age. Perceived age discrimination (e.g., the behavioral component of ageism) is highly prevalent in society, as reported by 1 in 3 people in Europe. The present study examined variations in perceived age discrimination in the second half of life. We adopt a comprehensive approach that examines whether perceived age discrimination varies by age (chronological time from birth), period (the context when data were collected), or cohort (a group of people with shared life events experienced at a similar age) across gender and ethnic origin.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We relied on psychosocial data from the Health and Retirement Survey between 2006 and 2018. We ran a set of age-period-cohort models to determine the separate effects of aging (age) factors, contextual (period) factors, and generational (cohort) factors on perceived age discrimination.
RESULTS
Our findings show that perceived age discrimination increases with age but reaches a plateau around the age of 75. There also were some cohort effects, but they appeared minimal and inconsistent. No period effects were found.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The findings attest to the consistent nature of perceived age discrimination, which is less likely to be affected by external contextual events. It also is less likely to be affected by gender or ethnicity. The findings also suggest that it is older persons who are more likely to report age discrimination, thus, interventions should address ageism in this age group.
PubMed: 38638459
DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad094 -
Preventive Medicine Dec 2023This study provided estimates of cancer incidence rate and onset age by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions and gender from 2020 to 2040, aiming to clarify the...
OBJECTIVES
This study provided estimates of cancer incidence rate and onset age by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions and gender from 2020 to 2040, aiming to clarify the long-term patterns of future cancer onset.
METHOD
Based on the incidence data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 study, we constructed the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to calculate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of cancers from 2020 to 2040. Using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to quantify the trends of ASIR and the onset age. In addition, the incidences in 2019 were fixed to distinguish the age onset changes caused by demographic and incidence from 2020 to 2040.
RESULTS
Globally, two-thirds of cancers have escalating trends of incidence rate, and the proportion of cancer weighted average onset age above 60 years old will grow from 62% to 76% between 2020 and 2040. In five SDI regions, the proportion of weighted average onset age above 60 years old will rise above 10% in the next 20 years and increase sequentially with the rise of the SDI level. Preclude sex-specific cancers, the onset age is younger in men than in women in 2040. Rule out the influence of changing demographics, half of cancer's morbidity has a youth-oriented tendency globally, which is concentrated in hormone-related and digestive tract cancer.
CONCLUSION
From 2020 to 2040, the incidence and onset age changes demonstrate marked geographic and gender variations in the cancer spectrum. Cancer incidence and onset age are predicted to continuously increase worldwide in the future.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Incidence; Age of Onset; Bayes Theorem; Neoplasms; Global Health; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 37951546
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107775 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Mar 2024Maternal and paternal age at birth is increasing globally. Maternal age may affect perinatal outcomes, but the effect of paternal age and its joint effect with maternal...
Maternal and paternal age at birth is increasing globally. Maternal age may affect perinatal outcomes, but the effect of paternal age and its joint effect with maternal age are not well established. This prospective, multicenter, cohort analysis used data from the University Hospital Advanced Age Pregnant Cohort Study in China from 2016 to 2021, to investigate the separate association of paternal age and joint association of paternal and maternal age with adverse perinatal outcomes. Of 16,114 singleton deliveries, mean paternal and maternal age (± SD) was 38.0 ± 5.3 years and 36.0 ± 4.1 years. In unadjusted analyses, older paternal age was associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, placenta accreta spectrum disorders, placenta previa, cesarean delivery (CD), and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth (PTB), large-for-gestational-age, macrosomia, and congenital anomaly, except for small-for-gestational-age. In multivariable analyses, the associations turned to null for most outcomes, and attenuated but still significant for GDM, CD, PTB, and macrosomia. As compare to paternal age of < 30 years, the risks in older paternal age groups increased by 31-45% for GDM, 17-33% for CD, 32-36% for PTB, and 28-31% for macrosomia. The predicted probabilities of GDM, placenta previa, and CD increased rapidly with paternal age up to thresholds of 36.4-40.3 years, and then plateaued or decelerated. The risks of GDM, CD, and PTB were much greater for pregnancies with younger paternal and older maternal age, despite no statistical interaction between the associations related to paternal and maternal age. Our findings support the advocation that paternal age, besides maternal age, should be considered during preconception counseling.Trial Registration NCT03220750, Registered July 18, 2017-Retrospectively registered, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03220750 .
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; China; Cohort Studies; Maternal Age; Paternal Age; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38190051
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00175-4 -
Human Fertility (Cambridge, England) Dec 2023Advanced maternal age (AMA, >35 years at delivery) confers maternal and foetal risks, particularly with age >45 years and nulliparity, but longitudinal comparative...
Advanced maternal age (AMA, >35 years at delivery) confers maternal and foetal risks, particularly with age >45 years and nulliparity, but longitudinal comparative data on age- and parity-specific AMA fertility is lacking. We used the Human Fertility Database (HFD), a publicly available, international database, to analyse fertility in US and Swedish women aged 35-54 from 1935 to 2018. Age-specific fertility rates (ASFR), total birth counts, and proportion of AMA births were evaluated across maternal age, parity, and time, and compared to maternal mortality rates during the same time. In the US, total AMA births nadired in the 1970s, and have risen since. Until 1980, most AMA births were to women completing parity 5 or higher; since then, most have been to low parity women. While ASFR in 35 to 39 year olds was highest in 2015, ASFR in women 40-44 and 45-49 were highest in 1935, though they have been rising recently, especially in low-parity women. While the same AMA fertility trends were seen in the US and Sweden from 1970-2018, maternal mortality rates have risen in the US despite remaining low in Sweden. Although AMA is known to contribute to maternal mortality, this discrepancy merits further consideration.
Topics: Pregnancy; United States; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Sweden; Maternal Mortality; Fertility; Birth Rate
PubMed: 36803365
DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2161075 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Dec 2023In the selection of young athletes, earlier-born adolescents often leverage their temporary biological advantage over their later-born peers from the same cohort, giving... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In the selection of young athletes, earlier-born adolescents often leverage their temporary biological advantage over their later-born peers from the same cohort, giving rise to the phenomenon known as the Relative Age Effect (RAE). In this study, we delved into the complexities of the RAE in soccer by reviewing 563 independent research samples across 90 articles. Our analysis showed that age period and performance level are pivotal factors influencing the magnitude of the RAE. The adolescent age period emerged as a significant RAE determinant, showcasing the highest effect size magnitudes in our findings. Among athletes of different performance levels, adult European soccer players have been extensively studied, and they have exhibited the most pronounced RAE magnitudes. Intriguingly, our findings reveal another compelling trend: the frequency of players born early versus late in the eligible birth year escalated as player performance levels increased, particularly during adolescence. Coaches and players appear to capitalize unconsciously on this maturational advantage, though this strategy wanes post-adolescence. While there are currently no penalties for this team selection practice, our findings stress the need for coaches to comprehend the ramifications of selecting athletes with an age bias We offer insights into RAE complexities, highlight the synergy of age and performance in these transitory advantages, and advance arguments for more fairly selecting and developing youth athletes.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Soccer; Age Factors; Athletes; Peer Group
PubMed: 37903410
DOI: 10.1177/00315125231210585 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Jul 2024Sex and chronological age estimation are crucial in forensic investigations and research on individual identification. Although manual methods for sex and age estimation...
Sex and chronological age estimation are crucial in forensic investigations and research on individual identification. Although manual methods for sex and age estimation have been proposed, these processes are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. The purpose of this study was to estimate sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs automatically and robustly using a multi-task deep learning network (ForensicNet). ForensicNet consists of a backbone and both sex and age attention branches to learn anatomical context features of sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs and enables the multi-task estimation of sex and chronological age in an end-to-end manner. To mitigate bias in the data distribution, our dataset was built using 13,200 images with 100 images for each sex and age range of 15-80 years. The ForensicNet with EfficientNet-B3 exhibited superior estimation performance with mean absolute errors of 2.93 ± 2.61 years and a coefficient of determination of 0.957 for chronological age, and achieved accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity values of 0.992, 0.993, and 0.990, respectively, for sex prediction. The network demonstrated that the proposed sex and age attention branches with a convolutional block attention module significantly improved the estimation performance for both sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs of elderly patients. Consequently, we expect that ForensicNet will contribute to the automatic and accurate estimation of both sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs.
Topics: Humans; Radiography, Panoramic; Deep Learning; Male; Adult; Aged; Female; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Republic of Korea; Sex Determination by Skeleton; Age Determination by Teeth
PubMed: 38467754
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03204-4