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Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2023Sexual, parental, and aggressive behaviors are central to the reproductive success of individuals and species survival and thus are supported by hardwired neural... (Review)
Review
Sexual, parental, and aggressive behaviors are central to the reproductive success of individuals and species survival and thus are supported by hardwired neural circuits. The reproductive behavior control column (RBCC), which comprises the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl), and the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv), is essential for all social behaviors. The RBCC integrates diverse hormonal and metabolic cues and adjusts an animal's physical activity, hence the chance of social encounters. The RBCC further engages the mesolimbic dopamine system to maintain social interest and reinforces cues and actions that are time-locked with social behaviors. We propose that the RBCC and brainstem form a dual-control system for generating moment-to-moment social actions. This Review summarizes recent progress regarding the identities of RBCC cells and their pathways that drive different aspects of social behaviors.
Topics: Animals; Aggression; Hypothalamus; Social Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Male; Female; Maternal Behavior; Paternal Behavior; Consummatory Behavior
PubMed: 37883550
DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8489 -
Neuron Oct 2023Sexual and aggressive behaviors are vital for species survival and individual reproductive success. Although many limbic regions have been found relevant to these...
Sexual and aggressive behaviors are vital for species survival and individual reproductive success. Although many limbic regions have been found relevant to these behaviors, how social cues are represented across regions and how the network activity generates each behavior remains elusive. To answer these questions, we utilize multi-fiber photometry (MFP) to simultaneously record Ca signals of estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1)-expressing cells from 13 limbic regions in male mice during mating and fighting. We find that conspecific sensory information and social action signals are widely distributed in the limbic system and can be decoded from the network activity. Cross-region correlation analysis reveals striking increases in the network functional connectivity during the social action initiation phase, whereas late copulation is accompanied by a "dissociated" network state. Based on the response patterns, we propose a mating-biased network (MBN) and an aggression-biased network (ABN) for mediating male sexual and aggressive behaviors, respectively.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mice; Social Behavior; Limbic System; Aggression; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 37586365
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.011 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2023This article reviews the literature on gender and humor, including differences in humor production and outcomes. Differences in the quantity and type of humor generally... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the literature on gender and humor, including differences in humor production and outcomes. Differences in the quantity and type of humor generally correspond with gender stereotypes, and these stereotypes significantly moderate the outcomes of humor use. Regarding humor production, consistent with cultural expectations, men tend to use all types of humor styles more than women, with a greater tendency towards aggressive humor. Regarding humor outcomes, rewards and punishments are not universally given to one gender. Rewards are more likely to be given to those who adhere to stereotypes or subvert expectations in a positive manner, whereas humor that violates expectations in a negative manner is punished.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Stereotyping; Sexism; Aggression
PubMed: 37972525
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101719 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2023A correlation between positive humor and job satisfaction was established in an earlier meta-analysis (Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2012) [1] and appears to be replicated in... (Review)
Review
A correlation between positive humor and job satisfaction was established in an earlier meta-analysis (Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2012) [1] and appears to be replicated in more recent work. However, the relationship between humor and job satisfaction is more complex and nuanced than the straightforward contention that positive humor = good/negative humor = bad would imply. To expand on this idea, I review recent literature bearing on the relationship between humor and job satisfaction, including a) a broader set of criterion variables; b) relationships with negative forms of humor (e.g., aggressive); c) evidence for mediating and moderating processes in the humor-job satisfaction relationship; and d) issues related to causality.
Topics: Humans; Aggression; Job Satisfaction
PubMed: 37972524
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101721 -
Autism Research : Official Journal of... Jul 2023Substantial advances have been made toward understanding the genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with social impairment as a... (Review)
Review
Substantial advances have been made toward understanding the genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with social impairment as a core feature. In combination with optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in vivo, it is now possible to use model systems to test how specific neural circuits underlie social function and dysfunction. Here, we review the literature that has identified circuits associated with social interest (sociability), social reward, social memory, dominance, and aggression, and we outline a preliminary roadmap of the neural circuits driving these social behaviors. We highlight the neural circuitry underlying each behavioral domain, as well as develop an interactive map of how these circuits overlap across domains. We find that some of the circuits underlying social behavior are general and are involved in the control of multiple behavioral aspects, whereas other circuits appear to be specialized for specific aspects of social behavior. Our overlapping circuit map therefore helps to delineate the circuits involved in the various domains of social behavior and to identify gaps in knowledge.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Social Behavior; Aggression
PubMed: 37458578
DOI: 10.1002/aur.2978 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Oct 2023This narrative review article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and aggression across... (Review)
Review
This narrative review article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and aggression across multiple vertebrate species. Experimental evidence indicates that acute administration of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and the pharmacological enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling decreases aggressive behavior in several animal models. However, research on the chronic effects of cannabinoids on animal aggression has yielded inconsistent findings, indicating a need for further investigation. Cannabinoid receptors, particularly cannabinoid receptor type 1, appear to be an important part of the endogenous mechanism involved in the dampening of aggressive behavior. Overall, this review underscores the importance of the ECS in regulating aggressive behavior and provides a foundation for future research in this area.
Topics: Animals; Endocannabinoids; Cannabinoids; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Aggression
PubMed: 37643683
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105375 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features, extending from a benign glandular disease to an... (Review)
Review
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features, extending from a benign glandular disease to an aggressive systemic disorder and/or lymphoma. The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is not completely understood, but it is assumed that pathogenesis of SS is multifactorial. The studies based on the animal models of SS provided significant insight in SS disease pathogenesis and management. The aim of this review is to summarize current studies on animal models with primary SS-like symptoms and discuss the impact of these studies on better understanding pathogenesis and management of Sjögren's syndrome. Databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane library were searched for summarizing studies on animal models in SS. Available data demonstrate that animal models are highly important for our understanding of SS disease.
Topics: Animals; Sjogren's Syndrome; Models, Animal; Aggression; Databases, Factual; Gene Library
PubMed: 37629175
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612995 -
Psychological Medicine Jul 2023Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are heterogeneous at the clinical and the biological level. Therefore, the aims were to dissect the heterogeneous neurodevelopmental...
BACKGROUND
Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are heterogeneous at the clinical and the biological level. Therefore, the aims were to dissect the heterogeneous neurodevelopmental deviations of the affective brain circuitry and provide an integration of these differences across modalities.
METHODS
We combined two novel approaches. First, normative modeling to map deviations from the typical age-related pattern at the level of the individual of (i) activity during emotion matching and (ii) of anatomical images derived from DBD cases ( = 77) and controls ( = 52) aged 8-18 years from the EU-funded Aggressotype and MATRICS consortia. Second, linked independent component analysis to integrate subject-specific deviations from both modalities.
RESULTS
While cases exhibited on average a higher activity than would be expected for their age during face processing in regions such as the amygdala when compared to controls these positive deviations were widespread at the individual level. A multimodal integration of all functional and anatomical deviations explained 23% of the variance in the clinical DBD phenotype. Most notably, the top marker, encompassing the default mode network (DMN) and subcortical regions such as the amygdala and the striatum, was related to aggression across the whole sample.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall increased age-related deviations in the amygdala in DBD suggest a maturational delay, which has to be further validated in future studies. Further, the integration of individual deviation patterns from multiple imaging modalities allowed to dissect some of the heterogeneity of DBD and identified the DMN, the striatum and the amygdala as neural signatures that were associated with aggression.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Aggression; Emotions; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Brain Mapping
PubMed: 35450543
DOI: 10.1017/S003329172200068X -
Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und... Mar 2024Child-to-Parent Violence -The Blind Spot in Research on Family Violence? A Systematic Review Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a phenomenon that has received little...
Child-to-Parent Violence -The Blind Spot in Research on Family Violence? A Systematic Review Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a phenomenon that has received little attention in the German scientific community. With this paper, the authors present the international state of research in the context of a systematic review. By means of a search a dataset of 317 scientific publications for the period 2012-2022 was identified at August 2022. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were finally defined and analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis, the following variables are highlighted as outcomes: Forms of CPV, prevalence, age and gender of individuals performing CPV, risk and protective factors, the direction of CPV within family constellations as well as external conditioning factors of CPV.The results show that there are some concrete findings in research regarding these variables, particularly in the area of risk and protective factors. An initial systematization of violent behaviour in the context of CPV can also be derived fromthe current state of research. At the same time, however, there are still clear gaps in research, e. g. in terms of prevalence, which is mainly due to very different definitions of "violence". This applies both with regard to the international state of research, but especially with regard to the situation in German-speaking countries.
Topics: Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Domestic Violence; Aggression; Prevalence; Parents
PubMed: 38634385
DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2024.73.3.200 -
Neuroscience Research May 2024Anger transition is often abrupt. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for switching and modulating aggression levels. The cerebellum is considered...
Anger transition is often abrupt. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for switching and modulating aggression levels. The cerebellum is considered a center for motor coordination and learning; however, its connection to social behavior has long been observed. Here, we used the resident-intruder paradigm in male mice and examined local field potential (LFP) changes, glial cytosolic ion fluctuations, and vascular dynamics in the cerebellar vermis throughout various phases of a combat sequence. Notably, we observed the emergence of theta band oscillations in the LFP and sustained elevations in glial Ca levels during combat breakups. When astrocytes, including Bergmann glial cells, were photoactivated using channelrhodopsin-2, the theta band emerged and an early combat breakup occurred. Within a single combat sequence, rapid alteration of offensive (fight) and passive (flight) responses were observed, which roughly correlated with decreases and increases in glial Ca, respectively. Neuron-glial interactions in the cerebellar vermis may play a role in adjusting Purkinje cell excitability and setting the tone of aggression. Future anger management strategies and clinical control of excessive aggression and violent behavior may be realized by developing a therapeutic strategy that adjusts glial activity in the cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Aggression; Male; Neuroglia; Mice; Cerebellum; Astrocytes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Calcium
PubMed: 38007191
DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.11.008