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Frontiers in Immunology 2023It has been for thousands of years in China known medicinal homologous foods that can be employed both as foods and medicines to benefit human and animal health. These... (Review)
Review
It has been for thousands of years in China known medicinal homologous foods that can be employed both as foods and medicines to benefit human and animal health. These edible herbal materials perform divert roles in the regulation of metabolic disorders, cancers, and immune-related diseases. Curcumin, the primary component derived from medicinal homologous foods like curcuma longa rhizome, is reported to play vital actions in organic activities, such as the numerous pharmacological functions including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti/pro-apoptosis in treating various diseases. However, the potential mechanisms of curcumin-derived modulation still need to be developed and attract more attention worldwide. Given that these signal pathways are enrolled in important bioactive reactions, we collected curcumin's last achievements predominantly on the immune-regulation signals with the underlying targetable strategies in the last 10 years. This mini-review will be helpful to accelerate curcumin and other extracts from medicinal homologous foods use in future human clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Curcumin; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37497225
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233652 -
Nature Communications May 2024Medicinal compounds from plants include bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives, the majority of which are polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs). Prototype...
Medicinal compounds from plants include bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives, the majority of which are polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs). Prototype molecules are hyperforin, the antidepressant constituent of St. John's wort, and garcinol, a potential anticancer compound. Their complex structures have inspired innovative chemical syntheses, however, their biosynthesis in plants is still enigmatic. PPAPs are divided into two subclasses, named type A and B. Here we identify both types in Hypericum sampsonii plants and isolate two enzymes that regiodivergently convert a common precursor to pivotal type A and B products. Molecular modelling and substrate docking studies reveal inverted substrate binding modes in the two active site cavities. We identify amino acids that stabilize these alternative binding scenarios and use reciprocal mutagenesis to interconvert the enzymatic activities. Our studies elucidate the unique biochemistry that yields type A and B bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane cores in plants, thereby providing key building blocks for biotechnological efforts to sustainably produce these complex compounds for preclinical development.
Topics: Hypericum; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Plant Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phloroglucinol; Alkanes; Catalytic Domain; Terpenes; Models, Molecular
PubMed: 38806518
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48879-w -
Archiv Der Pharmazie Aug 2023Curcumin is an important phytochemical, found in the Asian countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The use of this "privileged natural product" in the... (Review)
Review
Curcumin is an important phytochemical, found in the Asian countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The use of this "privileged natural product" in the diversity-oriented synthesis of curcumin-based heterocycles via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) is the subject of interest for many medicinal chemists across the globe. This review particularly focuses on the reactions involving curcuminoids as one of the reactants in the MCRs of curcuminoid to synthesize curcumin-based heterocycles. Also, the various pharmacological activities of curcumin-based heterocycles generated via the MCR approach are discussed. The research work published in the last 10 years is in the focus of this review article.
Topics: Curcumin; Structure-Activity Relationship; Diarylheptanoids; Biological Products
PubMed: 37309228
DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300171 -
Medical Gas Research 2023Methane has shown protective effects on a variety of diseases. Among these, neurological diseases have attracted much attention. However, there are many different... (Review)
Review
Methane has shown protective effects on a variety of diseases. Among these, neurological diseases have attracted much attention. However, there are many different indicators and application methods of methane in the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the indicators related to the protective effects of methane and evaluate the preparation and administration of methane. Thus, we hope to offer available indicators and effective ways to produce and administer methane in future research.
Topics: Methane; Nervous System Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 37077112
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.372663 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death worldwide and has been the focus of research in the medical community. Curcumin is a polyphenolic... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death worldwide and has been the focus of research in the medical community. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound extracted from the root of turmeric. Curcumin has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties over the past decades. Curcumin can significantly protect cardiomyocyte injury after ischemia and hypoxia, inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improve ventricular remodeling, reduce drug-induced myocardial injury, improve diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM), alleviate vascular endothelial dysfunction, inhibit foam cell formation, and reduce vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) proliferation. Clinical studies have shown that curcumin has a protective effect on blood vessels. Toxicological studies have shown that curcumin is safe. But high doses of curcumin also have some side effects, such as liver damage and defects in embryonic heart development. This article reviews the mechanism of curcumin intervention on CVDs in recent years, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs in the future.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Myocytes, Cardiac; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38312990
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S445555 -
The Veterinary Record Dec 2023
Topics: Animals; Methane; Dietary Supplements; Rumen
PubMed: 38100704
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3768 -
Global Change Biology Feb 2024Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH emissions but current and future wetland CH... (Review)
Review
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH emissions but current and future wetland CH budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH -producing microbes, increasing CH consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH budgets.
Topics: Wetlands; Methane; Plants; Climate; Carbon Dioxide
PubMed: 38337165
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127 -
Journal of Environmental Management Oct 2023In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained popularity as a practical method for generating clean energy and efficiently managing organic waste. However, the... (Review)
Review
In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained popularity as a practical method for generating clean energy and efficiently managing organic waste. However, the effectiveness of the reactor is compromised by the accumulation of ammonia, acids, and nutrients, leading to inhibition and instability. Because of its adaptability, biochar (BC) has sparked a substantial interest in biogas production and can be created by charring biomass and waste materials. Adding BC to the AD process could yield the following benefits: mitigating toxic inhibition, reducing the duration of the methanogenic lag phase, immobilising functional bacteria, and enhancing the rate of electron transfer between methanogenic and acetogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, there remains to be more comprehensive knowledge regarding the multifaceted function of BC and its intricate mechanisms in the generation of biogas in AD. The research summarises scattered information from the literature on BC production from various feedstocks and factors affecting its characteristics. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the utilisation of BC as an additive within AD is presented here, emphasising how BC characteristics impact AD processes and how they effectively engage key challenges.
Topics: Bioreactors; Anaerobiosis; Biofuels; Symbiosis; Methane
PubMed: 37572403
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118743 -
MBio Oct 2023Owing to the high radiative forcing and short atmospheric residence time of methane, abatement of methane emissions offers a crucial opportunity for effective, rapid...
Owing to the high radiative forcing and short atmospheric residence time of methane, abatement of methane emissions offers a crucial opportunity for effective, rapid slowing of climate change. Here, we report on a colloquium jointly sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology and the American Geophysical Union, where 35 national and international experts from academia, the private sector, and government met to review understanding of the microbial processes of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. The colloquium addressed how advanced knowledge of the microbiology of methane production and consumption could inform waste management, including landfills and composts, and three areas of agricultural management: enteric emissions from ruminant livestock, manure management, and rice cultivation. Support for both basic and applied research in microbiology and its applications is urgently needed to accelerate the realization of the large potential for these near-term solutions to counteract climate change.
Topics: Animals; Climate Change; Nitrous Oxide; Waste Management; Livestock; Methane
PubMed: 37732761
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02059-23 -
Nature Aug 2023
Topics: Methane; Benchmarking; Climate; Climate Change
PubMed: 37528168
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02435-6