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Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2023Arthroscopic treatment of lateral ankle instability is a recent innovation. In 2014, a prospective study was initiated by the French Society of Arthroscopy demonstrating...
INTRODUCTION
Arthroscopic treatment of lateral ankle instability is a recent innovation. In 2014, a prospective study was initiated by the French Society of Arthroscopy demonstrating the feasibility, morbidity and short-term results of arthroscopic treatment of ankle instability.
HYPOTHESIS
The functional results of arthroscopic treatment of chronic ankle instability found after one year were maintained in the medium term.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The prospective follow-up of the patients included in the initial cohort was continued. The Karlsson and AOFAS scores, as well as patient satisfaction, were assessed. The causes of failure underwent univariate and multivariate analyzes. The results of 172 patients were included (40.2% ligament repairs; 59.7% ligament reconstructions). The average follow-up was 5years. The average satisfaction was 8.6/10, the average Karlsson score was 85 points and the average AOFAS score was 87.5 points. The reoperation rate was 6.4% of patients. The failures were related to an absence of sports practice, a high BMI and female gender. A high BMI and the intense sports practice were associated to ligament repair failure. The absence of sports practice and the intraoperative presence of the anterior talofibular ligament were associated to ligament reconstruction failure.
DISCUSSION
Arthroscopic treatment of ankle instability confers high satisfaction in the medium term, as well as long-lasting results with a low reoperation rate. A more detailed evaluation of the failure criteria could help guide the choice of treatment between ligament reconstruction or repair.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ankle Joint; Prospective Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Ankle; Lateral Ligament, Ankle; Arthroscopy; Joint Instability; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37364821
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103649 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Sep 2023Describing protein dynamical networks through amino acid contacts is a powerful way to analyze complex biomolecular systems. However, due to the size of the systems,...
Describing protein dynamical networks through amino acid contacts is a powerful way to analyze complex biomolecular systems. However, due to the size of the systems, identifying the relevant features of protein-weighted graphs can be a difficult task. To address this issue, we present the connected component analysis (CCA) approach that allows for fast, robust, and unbiased analysis of dynamical perturbation contact networks (DPCNs). We first illustrate the CCA method as applied to a prototypical allosteric enzyme, the imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) enzyme from bacteria. This approach was shown to outperform the clustering methods applied to DPCNs, which could not capture the propagation of the allosteric signal within the protein graph. On the other hand, CCA reduced the DPCN size, providing connected components that nicely describe the allosteric propagation of the signal from the effector to the active sites of the protein. By applying the CCA to the IGPS enzyme in different conditions, i.e., at high temperature and from another organism (yeast IGPS), and to a different enzyme, i.e., a protein kinase, we demonstrated how CCA of DPCNs is an effective and transferable tool that facilitates the analysis of protein-weighted networks.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cluster Analysis; Phosphates; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Thermotoga maritima
PubMed: 37641933
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04592 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Electrochemical conversion of CO to formic acid using Bismuth catalysts is one the most promising pathways for industrialization. However, it is still difficult to...
Electrochemical conversion of CO to formic acid using Bismuth catalysts is one the most promising pathways for industrialization. However, it is still difficult to achieve high formic acid production at wide voltage intervals and industrial current densities because the Bi catalysts are often poisoned by oxygenated species. Herein, we report a BiS nanowire-ascorbic acid hybrid catalyst that simultaneously improves formic acid selectivity, activity, and stability at high applied voltages. Specifically, a more than 95% faraday efficiency was achieved for the formate formation over a wide potential range above 1.0 V and at ampere-level current densities. The observed excellent catalytic performance was attributable to a unique reconstruction mechanism to form more defective sites while the ascorbic acid layer further stabilized the defective sites by trapping the poisoning hydroxyl groups. When used in an all-solid-state reactor system, the newly developed catalyst achieved efficient production of pure formic acid over 120 hours at 50 mA cm (200 mA cell current).
PubMed: 37537180
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40342-6 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2023The radiological study of the sagittal alignment of the spine in static and dynamic positions has allowed a better understanding of the clinical results of total hip...
INTRODUCTION
The radiological study of the sagittal alignment of the spine in static and dynamic positions has allowed a better understanding of the clinical results of total hip prostheses. According to the Roussouly classification, the sacral slope in a standing position characterizes the patient with a stiff spine (less than 35̊) or a flexible spine (greater than 35̊). The objectives of this study were to compare, in a population of patients operated on for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), firstly, the kinematics of the lumbar-pelvic-femoral complex and secondly, the clinical presentation depending on whether the spine is stiff or flexible.
HYPOTHESIS
Patients with stiff spines (SS<35̊) were "hip users" and had less ability to compensate for their hip pathology.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
This prospective and comparative multicenter study was conducted with patients operated on arthroscopically for FAI between 2020 and 2021. All patients included received preoperative EOS imaging of the lower limbs and spine, in standing and seated positions. The following parameters were measured: pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sacral slope (SS), as well as dynamic parameters (intrinsic mobility of the hip: delta standing/sitting femoral sacral angle, and of the pelvis: delta standing/sitting sacral slope). The functional result was evaluated at 1 year.
RESULTS
In the stiff spine group, 62 patients were included versus 138 in the flexible spine group. The mean follow-up was 15.1±3.3 months (9.2-24.3). Nineteen patients were lost to follow-up and there were 2 revisions for iterative arthroscopy. Intrinsic pelvic mobility and intrinsic hip mobility were 16̊±13.5 (-12; 44) and 44.5̊±28.5 (-9; 99) respectively in the stiff spine group. In the flexible spine group, these same measurements were 22̊±11.5 (-30; 45) and 29.7̊±22.7 (-33; 82) respectively. In the stiff spine group, the symptoms occurred at a significantly younger age: 28.3 years±9.5 (18-51) versus 31 years±8 (18-54) (p=0.017).
DISCUSSION
The sacral slope is a determining factor in the kinematics of impingement and the appearance of symptoms. The sacral slope helps define the concept of a "hip user" in symptomatic FAI.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Femoracetabular Impingement; Biomechanical Phenomena; Prospective Studies; Lumbar Vertebrae; Pelvis; Lordosis
PubMed: 37739169
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103688 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2023Few studies have directly compared the outcomes of rotator cuff repair (RCR) with or without concomitant LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis. The aim of this literature review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Few studies have directly compared the outcomes of rotator cuff repair (RCR) with or without concomitant LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis. The aim of this literature review was to assess: (i) whether an adjuvant procedure on the LHBT at the time of RCR gives better functional results than RCR alone; and (ii) whether reoperation rates are higher after RCR alone or RCR+tenotomy or tenodesis.
METHODS
A literature search was carried out on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane database for papers published in English or French between 1st January, 2010, and 31st December, 2021. Included studies compared the results of RCR alone with RCR+concomitant tenotomy or tenodesis in patients with tears of the supraspinatus tendon or rotator cuff.
ARTICLES
A total of 626 articles were identified in the literature search and 168 were retained for more detailed examination. Forty-seven articles were read in their entirety and nine articles comparing RCR with or without concomitant tenotomy or tenodesis of the LHBT were retained for the analysis.
RESULTS
Nine articles comparing the results of RCR alone versus RCR+LHBT tenotomy or tenodesis were reviewed. The majority of patients were more than 50 years old and male. The rate of lesions to the LHBT in the studies included ranged from 26.8-60.2%. Eight of the nine studies compared the functional results of RCR alone versus RCR+tenotomy or tenodesis, with six reporting no significant difference, one reporting better outcomes after concomitant biceps surgery and one reporting worse outcomes after a biceps procedure.
DISCUSSION
This review did not provide a strong answer to our questions, owing to the heterogenicity of clinical evaluation and low level of evidence of the studies. However, it appears that in the absence of biceps pathology or in the presence of small lesions, the LHBT could be preserved. The rate of revision did not seem to be higher and cuff healing lower in this situation. Therefore, further randomized studies are required to identify the role of concomitant procedure of the biceps in case of small isolated supraspinatus repair.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III; systematic review.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tenodesis; Tenotomy; Rotator Cuff; Tendon Injuries; Arthroscopy; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tendons
PubMed: 37657502
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103673 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2024The carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) driven by electricity can transform CO into high-value multi-carbon (C) products. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts are efficient...
The carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) driven by electricity can transform CO into high-value multi-carbon (C) products. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts are efficient but suffer from low C selectivity at high current densities. Here La(OH) in Cu catalyst is introduced to modify its electronic structure towards efficient CORR to C products at ampere-level current densities. The La(OH)/Cu catalyst has a remarkable C Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 71.2% which is 2.2 times that of the pure Cu catalyst at a current density of 1,000 mA cm and keeps stable for 8 h. In situ spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations both show that La(OH) modifies the electronic structure of Cu. This modification favors *CO adsorption, subsequent hydrogenation, *CO─*COH coupling, and consequently increases C selectivity. This work provides a guidance on facilitating C product formation, and suppressing hydrogen evolution by La(OH) modification, enabling efficient CORR at ampere-level current densities.
PubMed: 37972269
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308226 -
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2023The optimal duration of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be determined. Treatment...
BACKGROUND
The optimal duration of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be determined. Treatment durations in cornerstone phase 3 clinical trials vary between a fixed 2-year duration and pursuit until disease progression. Clinical practices may thus differ according to the attending physician.
OBJECTIVES
Here we provide real-world data about treatment decisions at 2 years, with subsequent clinical outcomes.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This multicentric observational study included patients with advanced NSCLC whose disease was controlled after 2 years of pembrolizumab or nivolumab. The primary outcome was the decision to discontinue ICI treatment or not, along with factors motivating this decision. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) (according to treatment continuation or not) and adverse events.
RESULTS
A total of 91 patients were included, of which 60 (66%) had been pre-treated. The programmed death-ligand 1 expression level was ⩾50% in 43 patients (47%). In 61 patients (67%), ICI was continued after 2 years of treatment. This decision was significantly associated with the care center ( < 0.001) but neither with the tumor response at 2 years, as evaluated by CT scan or PET scan, nor with clinical status, immune-related adverse events, or previous locally treated oligo-progressive disease under ICI. Two years after the 2-year decision, PFS was 68.5%, [95% confidence interval (CI) (53.3-88.0)] in the 'ICI discontinuation' group and 64.1% [95% CI (51.9-79.2)] in the 'ICI pursuit' group; hazard ratio for relapse was 1.14 [95% CI (0.54-2.30), = 0.77]. The overall survival rate at 24 months after discontinuation was 89.2% [95% CI (78.4-100)] for the 'discontinuation' group and 93.1% [95% CI (85.8-100)] for the 'pursuit' group. Given insufficient power, overall survival could not be compared.
CONCLUSION
The decision to continue ICI or not after 2 years of treatment depends mainly on the care center and does not seem to impact survival. Larger, randomized data sets are required to confirm this result.
PubMed: 37720494
DOI: 10.1177/17588359231195600 -
Science Advances Sep 2023Designing an efficient catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of critical importance in manipulating proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE)...
Designing an efficient catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of critical importance in manipulating proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) for hydrogen production. Here, we report a fast, nonequilibrium strategy to synthesize quinary high-entropy ruthenium iridium-based oxide (M-RuIrFeCoNiO) with abundant grain boundaries (GB), which exhibits a low overpotential of 189 millivolts at 10 milliamperes per square centimeter for OER in 0.5 M HSO. Microstructural analyses, density functional calculations, and isotope-labeled differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements collectively reveal that the integration of foreign metal elements and GB is responsible for the enhancement of activity and stability of RuO toward OER. A PEMWE using M-RuIrFeCoNiO catalyst can steadily operate at a large current density of 1 ampere per square centimeter for over 500 hours. This work demonstrates a pathway to design high-performance OER electrocatalysts by integrating the advantages of various components and GB, which breaks the limits of thermodynamic solubility for different metal elements.
PubMed: 37713495
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9144 -
PloS One 2023Electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely applied diaphragm pump that has promising sealing performance, simple structure and low power loss. Planar pole...
Electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely applied diaphragm pump that has promising sealing performance, simple structure and low power loss. Planar pole electromagnet is a significant component of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump. However, the sharply changing displacement-force characteristics of the planar pole electromagnet do not match the constant load characteristics of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump. Herein, an electromagnet with variable pole area is put forward. A theoretical relationship between structural parameters, the Ampere turns and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is determined by analyzing the equivalent magnetic circuit of the electromagnet with variable pole area. The experimental results imply that the initial electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is 32.51% larger than the planar pole electromagnet, the engaging electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is 22.3% smaller than the planar pole electromagnet and the displacement-force characteristics of the electromagnet with variable pole area match the constant load characteristics of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump.
Topics: Magnets; Diaphragm; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Mechanical Phenomena; Magnetics
PubMed: 37824558
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292685 -
RSC Advances Mar 2024Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent simple devices that harness the metabolic activities of microorganisms to produce electrical energy from diverse sources such as... (Review)
Review
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent simple devices that harness the metabolic activities of microorganisms to produce electrical energy from diverse sources such as organic waste and sustainable biomass. Because of their unique advantage to generate sustainable energy, through the employment of biodegradable and repurposed waste materials, the development of MFCs has garnered considerable interest. Critical elements are typically the electrodes and separator. This mini-review article presents a critical assessment of nanofiber technology used as electrodes and separators in MFCs to enhance energy generation. In particular, the review highlights the application of nanofiber webs in each part of MFCs including anodes, cathodes, and membranes and their influence on energy generation. The role of nanofiber technology in this regard is then analysed in detail, focusing on improved electron transfer rate, enhanced biofilm formation, and enhanced durability and stability. In addition, the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating nanofibers into MFCs are discussed, along with suggestions for future research in this field. Significant developments in MFCs over the past decade have led to a several-fold increase in achievable power density, yet further improvements in performance and the exploration of cost-effective materials remain promising areas for further advancement. This review demonstrates the great promise of nanofiber-based electrodes and separators in future applications of MFCs.
PubMed: 38500621
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00674g