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Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2024To systematically assess available information about all variations of obturator vessels and to present the most surgically relevant types, their prevalence and calibre... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically assess available information about all variations of obturator vessels and to present the most surgically relevant types, their prevalence and calibre in order to provide a comprehensive overview for both anatomists and clinicians.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 2689 studies were found via searching the online databases. After applying exclusion criteria 44 studies were assessed. The cadaveric studies, CT angiographies, and clinical studies were included. Number of hemipelves, prevalence of each variation and calibre of identified vessels were studied. Each variation was classified as aberrant obturator artery/vein, aberrant accessory obturator artery/vein or anastomosis.
RESULTS
In included studies the average incidence of the variant obturator artery was 26% with the aberrant obturator artery being the most frequent type (with the mean calibre 2.10 mm, SD = 0.35 mm), while the overall incidence of the variant obturator vein was 55%. Presented venous structures had the mean calibre of 2.98 mm (SD = 0.56 mm).
CONCLUSIONS
According to reviewed studies, variant obturator vessels are present in a great number of patients. Due to their possible calibre larger than 3 mm they represent a structure of high clinical importance. It is important to unify the terminology and to stress out the significance to all clinicians.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Arteries; Pelvis; Veins; Vena Cava, Inferior
PubMed: 37865385
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152167 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; Anatomy; Anatomists
PubMed: 38240788
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06284-0 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Oct 2023It is widely known that the popliteal fossa and the lower leg are connected by a canal, containing the neuro-vascular bundle to the posterior leg region, containing the...
It is widely known that the popliteal fossa and the lower leg are connected by a canal, containing the neuro-vascular bundle to the posterior leg region, containing the tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery and veins. The existence of this canal has not been duly recognized in literature, even though it has been named by Wenzel Gruber in 1871, and its contents, walls, entrance, and exits have been extensively described by him in 1878. In the present paper, we would like to pay a homage to the work of this prominent anatomist, which retains its significance for contemporary surgical practice. The cruropopliteal canal, canalis cruropopliteus, as named by him, and having been assigned a multitude of terms in practice, deserves to regain its eponymous name - Gruber's canal. The history, and the anatomy with its clinical implications are discussed herein. We hereby recommend that the original name of this canal be included in anatomical textbooks and specialized literature.
Topics: Humans; Male; Tibial Nerve; Knee; Veins; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 37460046
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152134 -
Anatomy & Cell Biology Sep 2023This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and anatomical importance of the relevant region from the perspective of surgical approaches by determining the...
This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and anatomical importance of the relevant region from the perspective of surgical approaches by determining the morphometric analysis of the craniocervical junction and foramen magnum (FM) region and determining their distances from important anatomical points. This research was carried out with 59 skulls found at the Anatomy Laboratories of Erciyes and Ankara Medipol University. Metric measurements of FM and condyle, FM shape, condyle-fossa relationship, and pharyngeal tubercle (PT) were made in mm-based dry bone samples of unknown age and sex. The distance between the anterior notches and the FM was 87.01±4.35, the distance between the anterior notches and the PT was 77.70±4.24, the distance between the PT-sphenooccipital junction was 13.23±2.42, and the FM index was 81.86±7.47. The anteroposterior and transverse lengths of FM were determined as 33.80±2.99 and 27.72±2.30, respectively. The morphometric and morphological data available regarding the craniocervical junction showed significant differences between populations. Comprehensive knowledge of this topic will provide a better approach to treat Arnold Chiari Malformation, FM meningiomas, and other posterior cranial fossa lesions. Therefore, we believe that FM and craniocervical junction morphology will be a guide not only for anatomists, but also for radiologists, neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, and orthopedists.
PubMed: 37460407
DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.006 -
Cureus Feb 2024The field of forensic anthropology is characterised by its ongoing development and growth. Forensic anatomy is a burgeoning discipline that focuses on the analysis and... (Review)
Review
The field of forensic anthropology is characterised by its ongoing development and growth. Forensic anatomy is a burgeoning discipline that focuses on the analysis and identification of both preserved and unpreserved human body parts, both in deceased individuals and the living. This subject plays a crucial role in establishing the four key factors of forensic anthropology, namely sex, age, race, and height. The objective of this research endeavour was to evaluate the significance of anatomical information in the process of forensic age estimation. The researchers established the inclusion criteria in accordance with the globally recognised Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome(PICOS) framework, as advised by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The research included many methodologies in order to ascertain the age. Upon conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to anatomical knowledge in the field of forensic age estimate, we have identified many notable applications. These include the utilisation of various anatomical features such as the dental pulp chamber, fingerprints, acetabulum, sternal end of the fourth rib, as well as hand and wrist bones for the purpose of age estimation. It is important for anatomists and other forensic scientists to engage in collaborative efforts to facilitate the exchange of ideas and ensure thorough investigations. This cooperation is particularly crucial in areas where anatomical sciences play a significant role in forensic science and investigation. Nevertheless, in order to mitigate the potential for estimating error, it is still advisable to use a multi-factorial evaluation approach that involves examining many body areas.
PubMed: 38550461
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55080 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Nov 2023Precise injection technique is vital for avoiding suboptimal eyebrow position when treating glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A.
BACKGROUND
Precise injection technique is vital for avoiding suboptimal eyebrow position when treating glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of glabellar injection technique on eyebrow position in patients treated with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI).
METHODS
This retrospective post hoc analysis involved 60 adults who received a single treatment with DAXI 40 U to the glabella and had standardized facial photography. Median vertical and horizontal displacement of the brows (at rest) at baseline and 2 weeks after glabellar injection were measured. Brow position outcomes were evaluated by an oculoplastic surgeon and expert anatomist. Investigators were interviewed to ascertain individual injection techniques.
RESULTS
Precise injection location and depth, and median resting brow position following treatment varied between investigators. Positive brow outcomes were achieved with deep DAXI injections into the medial corrugator, superficial lateral corrugator injections placed between the midpupil and lateral limbus, and deep midline procerus injections. Glabellar injection technique that more precisely targeted the corrugator muscles resulted in longer glabellar line treatment duration compared to a less targeted technique. Medial corrugator injections above the medial brow; lateral corrugator injections administered deeply or more medially, toward the medial third of the brow; and procerus injections superior to the inferomedial brow tended to be associated with suboptimal outcomes that were more apparent during dynamic expression.
CONCLUSIONS
Aesthetically pleasing brow outcomes and greater duration of efficacy can be achieved with an injection pattern that precisely treats the anatomic location of the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles, avoiding the frontalis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Retrospective Studies; Skin Aging; Injections; Rhytidoplasty; Forehead; Neuromuscular Agents
PubMed: 36322141
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac002 -
International Orthopaedics Jul 2024Bone growth is a fascinating process, primarily due to its complexity. Equally engaging is the history of its study, which, however, remains unknown to most anatomists...
INTRODUCTION
Bone growth is a fascinating process, primarily due to its complexity. Equally engaging is the history of its study, which, however, remains unknown to most anatomists and surgeons.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources.
RESULTS
The early history of bone growth study may be divided into two periods. Firstly, the experimental one, between 1722 and 1847, which consisted in the study of bone growth by the drilling of benchmark holes into the diaphysis, and examination of growing bones in madder-fed animals. In the course of one century, four French scientists (Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens, Gaspard Auguste Brullé and Frédéric Léopold Hugueny) and one British researcher (John Hunter) proved experimentally that the longitudinal growth of long bones occurred only at its epiphyseal ends and their final shape resulted from apposition and resorption processes taking place simultaneously both on the periosteal and intramedullary surfaces of the bone. In the second, the microscopic period (1836-1875), the physeal growth cartilage was discovered and described in detail, including its importance for the longitudinal growth of long bones. The first description of growth cartilage was published by a Swiss anatomist Miescher in 1836. Subsequently, this structure was studied by a number of English, German and French anatomists and surgeons. This whole period was concluded by Alfred Kölliker´s extensive study of bone resorption and its significance for typical bone shapes and Karl Langer´s study of the vascular supply of the growing and mature bone.
CONCLUSION
Research by French, English, German and Swiss scientists between 1727 and 1875 yielded fundamental insights into the growth of long bones, most of which are still valid today.
Topics: History, 19th Century; Bone Development; History, 18th Century; Humans; Animals
PubMed: 38528251
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-024-06157-w -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... May 2024The brachial plexus, a complex network of nerves responsible for innervating the upper limb, exhibits remarkable anatomical variations. This editorial explores the...
The brachial plexus, a complex network of nerves responsible for innervating the upper limb, exhibits remarkable anatomical variations. This editorial explores the composite drawing of a "typical" brachial plexus portrayed by Abram T. Kerr in 1918. This composite drawing of the typical brachial plexus stands as a critical contribution to the field of anatomy and surgery, and encapsulates the most prevalent patterns of formation, branching, and origins within the brachial plexus, offering a statistical map of its common variants. Kerr portrays the typical brachial plexus as a foundational resource for anatomists and medical professionals seeking to navigate the intricate landscape of this neural structure. It serves as a hypothetical model, reflecting the common arrangement of trunks, cords, and branches, shedding light on the typical composition of the plexus observed in most individuals. Beyond being a visual representation, the 'typical' brachial plexus provides a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical applications, aiding in the identification of variations and deviations in surgical contexts. This composite drawing enhances our comprehension of the intricate and ever-evolving anatomy of the brachial plexus, reinforcing its role as a fundamental reference point for anatomical studies and clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Brachial Plexus; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 38070012
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06223-5 -
World Neurosurgery Nov 2023Knowing the motor branches and variations of the musculocutaneous nerve to the muscles along its course will facilitate the treatment of flexor spasticity and...
OBJECTIVES
Knowing the motor branches and variations of the musculocutaneous nerve to the muscles along its course will facilitate the treatment of flexor spasticity and supracondylar fractures of the humerus in order to minimize nerve lesion. In fetal cadavers, the purpose of our study was to determine the number and course of the formation variations and motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. The significance of studying fetal nerve variations is due to injury to the brachial plexus roots during birth.
METHODS
Our study was conducted using the anatomical dissection technique on 102 upper limbs from 51 fetuses ages ranged from 17 to 40 weeks. Throughout its course, the variations and motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve were analyzed.
RESULTS
In 13.7% of cases, the musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis. The musculocutaneous nerve gave the muscles 1-3 motor branches. Additionally, motor branches terminated with 1-7 fringes. The biceps brachii motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve were typed. Accordingly, 15.6% were type 1A, 3.9% were type 1B, 35.4% were type 1C, and 19.6% were type 1D. It was determined that 23.5% of the extremities were type 2 and that 1.9% were type 3. The distance between the musculocutaneous nerve's motor branches and the acromion was proportional to the arm's length. There were no statistically significant differences between the sides and genders for any measurement.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study's findings will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatrics, orthopedics, surgical sciences, and radiology conditions. It reduces the risk of iatrogenic injury and postoperative complications. We also believe that our research will serve as a resource for anatomists and other scientists.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child; Infant; Musculocutaneous Nerve; Arm; Brachial Plexus; Muscle, Skeletal; Cadaver; Fetus; Median Nerve
PubMed: 37666297
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.121 -
Anatomical Science International Apr 2024The development of a standard anatomical language in Spanish dates back to the early stages of medicine, and its significance lies in the necessity for a common... (Review)
Review
The development of a standard anatomical language in Spanish dates back to the early stages of medicine, and its significance lies in the necessity for a common vocabulary to describe the structures of the human body. Anatomists and morphologists have been striving to achieve this goal since the late nineteenth century when the first Anatomical Nomenclature was created in Basel in 1895. Over the years, various versions of the International Anatomical Terminology have been published in Spanish, following the guidelines of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). These versions have been produced in partnership with the Spanish Anatomical Society and have aimed to adjust the terms to the Spanish language and linguistic rules. The Ibero-Latin American Symposia on Anatomical, Histological, and Embryological Terminology (SILAT) have embraced the naming of morphological structures, keeping in mind the Latin and Greek roots, while respecting the translations accepted by the linguistic rules of the official languages. These symposia stick to the principles of universality, precision in structure description, and consistency in terminology. Despite more than a century of progress in anatomical terminology, there is a need for frequent revisions and adjustments to anatomical terms, particularly when translating them into various languages and because of the high number of international publications related to anatomy. A shared anatomical language is essential for the study and application of anatomy across various medical practices and in undergraduate education. Finally, the establishment of anatomical terminology in Spanish represents a long history of efforts to create a universal and precise language in this field. Despite advancements, the revision and adaptation of anatomical terms remain a continuous challenge to keep up with scientific progress and ensure effective communication in the field of anatomy.
PubMed: 38678164
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00769-3