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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023Fish is one of the "big nine" foods triggering allergic reactions. For this reason, fish allergens must be accurately specified on food labels. Fish allergy affects less... (Review)
Review
IgE-Mediated and Non-IgE-Mediated Fish Allergy in Pediatric Age: A Holistic Approach-A Consensus by Diagnostic Commission of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.
Fish is one of the "big nine" foods triggering allergic reactions. For this reason, fish allergens must be accurately specified on food labels. Fish allergy affects less than 1% of the world population, but a higher prevalence is observed in pediatric cohorts, up to 7%. Parvalbumin is the main fish allergen found in the muscles. In childhood, sensitization to fish allergens occurs most frequently through the ingestion of fish, rarely transcutaneously or by inhalation. Fish allergy symptoms usually appear within two hours of the allergen contact. The diagnosis begins with the collection of the history. If it is suggestive of fish allergy, prick tests or the measurement of serum-specific IgE should be performed to confirm the suspicion. The oral food challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis. It is not recommended in case of a severe allergic reaction. It is important to make a differential diagnosis with anisakiasis or scombroid poisoning, which have overlapping clinical features but differ in pathogenesis. Traditionally, managing fish allergy involves avoiding the triggering species (sometimes all bony fish species) and requires an action plan for accidental exposures. The present review will analyze IgE- and non-IgE-mediated fish allergy in children from epidemiology, pathogenesis to clinical features. Moreover, clinical management will be addressed with a particular focus on potential nutritional deficiencies.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Consensus; Hypersensitivity; Affect; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37763770
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091651 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023Anisakiasis is caused by consuming raw fish contaminated with sp. larvae and is extremely rare, especially when originating in the esophagus. We present a case of...
Anisakiasis is caused by consuming raw fish contaminated with sp. larvae and is extremely rare, especially when originating in the esophagus. We present a case of esophageal anisakiasis in a 61-year-old male who experienced severe precordial pain and radiating discomfort to the neck after consuming raw fish sashimi. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed the presence of a larva in the upper esophagus. On the basis of anatomo-morphological features, the worm was provisionally identified as sp. and was easily extracted with forceps, which led to a prompt improvement in the patient's symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering anisakiasis as a differential diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of consuming raw fish.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Middle Aged; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Esophagus; Fishes; Larva
PubMed: 37893605
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101888 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Mar 2024is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite. Although this parasite has been known since the 19 century, publications on anisakiasis have increased in recent years. Despite this,...
OBJECTIVE
is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite. Although this parasite has been known since the 19 century, publications on anisakiasis have increased in recent years. Despite this, this subject has yet to be well studied by bibliometric analysis. This study was conducted to show the research points and trends of .
METHODS
The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was mined for articles on . The VOSviewer software visually evaluated countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field.
RESULTS
A total of 1362 publications were included in this bibliometric analysis. The included publications were published between 1970 and 2022 from 79 countries, mainly from Spain (n=456, 33.48%). The most prolific year was 2020 (n=74). The research area that attracted the most publications was parasitology (n=452), while the most productive author in this area was Cuellar C (n=53). , and were the most used three keywords.
CONCLUSION
The number of publications on anisakiasis has been increasing over time, suggesting that is becoming an increasingly important disease worldwide. Research cooperation should be established between researchers from developed and developing countries to determine effective control strategies for anisakiasis.
Topics: Animals; Anisakis; Anisakiasis; Bibliometrics; Software
PubMed: 38449368
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2024.94830 -
BMC Gastroenterology Jul 2023Gastric anisakiasis typically causes severe abdominal symptoms; however, we incidentally detected asymptomatic gastric anisakiasis cases during...
BACKGROUND
Gastric anisakiasis typically causes severe abdominal symptoms; however, we incidentally detected asymptomatic gastric anisakiasis cases during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The factors associated with developing acute abdominal symptoms induced by gastric anisakiasis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with abdominal symptoms of gastric anisakiasis by comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study involving 264 patients diagnosed with gastric anisakiasis at nine hospitals in Japan between October 2015 and October 2021. We analyzed patients' medical records and endoscopic images and compared the clinical factors between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.
RESULTS
One hundred sixty-five patients (77.8%) were diagnosed with abdominal symptoms, whereas 47 (22.2%) were asymptomatic. Older age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, gastric mucosal atrophy, and gastric mucosal atrophy of the Anisakis penetrating area were significantly more common in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.007), sex (p = 0.017), and presence or absence of mucosal atrophy (p = 0.033) were independent factors for the occurrence of acute abdominal symptoms. In addition, cases that were Helicobacter pylori naïve, with an elevation of white blood cells, or without an elevation of eosinophils were more common in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group.
CONCLUSIONS
Age, sex, and presence or absence of gastric mucosal atrophy were the clinical factors associated with the occurrence of acute abdominal symptoms. Older and male patients and those with gastric mucosal atrophy were less likely to show abdominal symptoms. The mechanisms of the occurrence of symptoms induced by gastric anisakiasis remain unclear; however, our results will help clarify this issue in the future.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Anisakiasis; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Diseases; Anisakis; Atrophy
PubMed: 37464307
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02880-7 -
Journal of Nippon Medical School =... Jun 2024Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection affecting the human gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the consumption of contaminated, raw or inadequately cooked fish or...
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection affecting the human gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the consumption of contaminated, raw or inadequately cooked fish or squid, which is typically used for making sushi and sashimi. Most cases involve gastric anisakiasis, whereas intestinal anisakiasis is rare. This report describes the case of a 63-year-old Japanese woman with a history of raw fish consumption who presented with acute-onset abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated thickened small bowel loops and ascites on the liver surface. The patient was admitted for supportive care. On the second day of hospitalization, contrast-enhanced abdominal CT revealed that the ascites had moved from the liver surface to the pouch of Douglas. On the fifth day of hospitalization, the patient was discharged with a substantial improvement in abdominal pain. Five days after the discharge, her eosinophil count was elevated, and parasitic disease was therefore suspected. Anti-Anisakis IgG/A and IgE (RAST) antibody levels were elevated, confirming the diagnosis of intestinal anisakiasis. A review of 51 reported cases of intestinal anisakiasis suggests that the presence of ascites and measurement of anti-Anisakis antibody titers are helpful for diagnosis in cases presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms after consumption of raw or undercooked fish.
PubMed: 38897944
DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2025_92-401 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The European conger, , is a benthic marine fish species with a geographical distribution extending through the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Despite being...
The European conger, , is a benthic marine fish species with a geographical distribution extending through the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Despite being extensively distributed and widely appreciated by Spanish consumers, studies regarding parasite presence in this fish are scarce. In the present work, a hundred and eight specimens from the Mediterranean coast of northeastern Spain (Catalan waters) were surveyed for the presence of nematode parasites. Several species were morphologically identified: third-stage larvae of type I (sensu Berland, 1961) ( = 131), third-stage larvae of type II (sensu Berland, 1961) ( = 18), third- and fourth-stage larvae and adults of spp. ( = 48), adults of sp. ( = 391), and adults of ( = 69). Moreover, some fish and decapode species were also observed as part of the host's diet, with the most detected preys being , , sp., and . This represents the first survey of nematode parasites infecting from the northeastern Spanish Mediterranean waters. Among the parasite species detected, the presence of species should be highlighted as the ingestion of parasitized with these larvae could potentially lead to anisakiasis in consumers.
PubMed: 38003791
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111326 -
Veterinary Parasitology Nov 2023The in vitro life cycle of zoonotic helminths is an essential tool for -omic translational studies focused on disease control and treatment. Anisakiosis is an emerging...
The in vitro life cycle of zoonotic helminths is an essential tool for -omic translational studies focused on disease control and treatment. Anisakiosis is an emerging zoonosis contracted by the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish infected with the third stage larvae (L3) of two sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii, the latter being the predominant species in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, in vitro culture of A. pegreffii has been developed to enable fast and large-scale production of fertile adults. However, the conditions for larval development from hatching to infective L3 were not fulfilled to complete the cycle. Herein, we used a Drosophila medium supplemented with chicken serum and adjusted different osmolarities to maintain the culture of L3 hatched from eggs for up to 17 weeks. The highest survival rate was observed in the medium with the highest osmolarities, which also allowed the highest larval exsheathment rate. Key morphological features of embryogenesis and postembryogenesis studied by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the excretory gland cell is differentiated already up to 48 h post-hatching. Extracellular vesicles and cell-free mitochondria are discharged between the two cuticle sheets of the second stage larvae (L2). Contemporarly cultivated, two populations of adult A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii reached an average production of 29,914.05 (± 27,629.36) and 24,370.96 (± 12,564.86) eggs/day/female, respectively. The chromosome spreads of A. pegreffii obtained from mature gonads suggests a diploid karyotype formula of 2n = 18. The development of a reliable protocol for the in vitro culture of a polyxenous nematode such as Anisakis spp. will serve to screen for much needed novel drug targets, but also to study the intricated and unknown ecological and physiological traits of these trophically transmitted marine nematodes.
Topics: Animals; Anisakis; Larva; Fertility; Female; Anisakiasis
PubMed: 37837730
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110050 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Sep 2023This survey focuses on an environmental parasitology study by investigating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) bioaccumulation and the occurrence of Anisakis spp. on...
This survey focuses on an environmental parasitology study by investigating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) bioaccumulation and the occurrence of Anisakis spp. on common anchovies collected from Moroccan coasts over 9 months through chemical (PAH) and Biological (Biometrics and parasitic) analysis. Obtained results were statistically analyzed and human health risks from anchovies consumption were assessed. The results obtained highlighted the good biological and chemical status of this fish in all stations of Morocco's coasts. Anisakis spp. was present in only four stations in the Atlantic fringe (maximum prevalence 22.22 %). Results have shown non-significant differences for tissue nature (Muscle, viscera) or spatial variation and were within a low range of concentrations well below the European Commission standards. Results have shown no serious harmful risk for humans from this fish consumption (ILCR and HI), and statistical analysis had shown positive correlations between prevalence and Chr, prevalence and sex-ratio, and prevalence and weight.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Anisakis; Anisakiasis; Larva; Preliminary Data; Food Parasitology; Fishes
PubMed: 37437521
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115269 -
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases Aug 2023The genus Anisakis is among the most significant parasites to public health, as it causes anisakiasis, a parasitic infection in humans resulting from consuming raw or...
The genus Anisakis is among the most significant parasites to public health, as it causes anisakiasis, a parasitic infection in humans resulting from consuming raw or undercooked seafood. Although the infection status of i>Anisakis in second intermediate hosts, such as marine fishes and cephalopods, and humans have been severally reported in Korea, no information about the definitive host in Korean waters is available. In 2014, 2 adult gastric nematodes were collected from a common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) found in the East Sea, Korea. These worms were identified as A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) by comparing the mitochondrial COX2 marker with previously deposited sequences. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of A. simplex (s.s.) worldwide revealed 2 distinct populations: the Pacific population and the European waters population. This is the first report on adult i>Anisakis and its definitive host species in Korea. Further studies on Anisakis infection in other cetacean species and marine mammals in Korean seas are warrantedi>Anisakis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Animals; Anisakis; Minke Whale; Phylogeny; Ascaridoidea; Anisakiasis; Caniformia; Cetacea; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 37648229
DOI: 10.3347/PHD.23046 -
International Journal of Food... Nov 2023Incidences of food poisoning caused by Anisakis have increased in Japan, and a significant number of anisakiasis cases in Tokyo attributed to the consumption of mackerel...
Prevalence of Anisakis larvae in cultured mackerel Scomber japonicas in Japan and the relationship between the intensity of Anisakis infection in cultured mackerel and fish fatness.
Incidences of food poisoning caused by Anisakis have increased in Japan, and a significant number of anisakiasis cases in Tokyo attributed to the consumption of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) have been reported. There are two types of cultured mackerel in Japan: those cultured fully from controlled parent fish eggs and those cultured from wild juveniles collected from the sea. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Anisakis larvae in cultured mackerel (184 fish) in 15 products and identified the species using molecular analysis to evaluate the risk of food poisoning. In total, 1567 Anisakis larvae were detected in 70 of 130 mackerel in 10 products; however, Anisakis larvae were not detected in 54 mackerel using artificially reared juveniles in 5 products. Moreover, 277 larvae were detected in fish muscle, and 98.6 % (273/277 larvae) were molecularly identified as Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (A. simplex). Conversely, 1043 Anisakis pegreffii larvae were identified genetically and/or morphologically but only 2 larvae were identified in the muscle. There was no significant relationship between the host coefficient of fatness and the infection intensity of Anisakis larvae in individual fish (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test, P > 0.05). Based on the results of the analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit2 (cox2) gene of A. simplex and A. pegreffii detected in this study, we attempted to estimate the catch area of the juveniles (Pacific stock and Tsushima Warm Current stock). The clusters on the phylogenetic tree of the cox2 gene of A. pegreffii from the mackerel presumed to be the two above mentioned geographic distributions were not separated and these geographic origins could not be estimated. This study revealed that mackerel cultured using wild juveniles are likely to be contaminated with Anisakis larvae, which can be detected not only in the visceral organs, but also in the muscle. Anisakis infection in cultured mackerel did not influence fish growth and evaluating the intensity of Anisakis based on the fatness level of the mackerel was complicated. To prevent anisakiasis caused by the consumption of mackerel cultured using wild juveniles, it is important to steadily control Anisakis through heating and freezing.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Larva; Japan; Prevalence; Cyclooxygenase 2; Phylogeny; Fishes; Perciformes; Foodborne Diseases; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 37543025
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110347