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American Family Physician Jan 2024Hip and knee injections are useful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for family physicians. This article reviews anatomic landmark-guided and ultrasound-guided injections... (Review)
Review
Hip and knee injections are useful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for family physicians. This article reviews anatomic landmark-guided and ultrasound-guided injections and aspiration techniques for greater trochanteric pain syndrome, the hip joint, the knee joint, the pes anserine bursa, and the iliotibial band. Indications for injections include acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; overuse; and traumas. Joint aspirations may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of unexplained effusions and to relieve pain. Technique, injectant, and follow-up timing depend on the physician's comfort, experience, and preference. Infections of the skin or soft tissue are the primary contraindications to injections. The most common complications are local inflammatory reactions to the injectant. These reactions usually cause soreness for 24 to 48 hours, then spontaneously resolve. Follow-up after injections is usually scheduled within two to six weeks.
Topics: Humans; Knee Joint; Pain; Injections; Bursitis; Bursa, Synovial; Injections, Intra-Articular
PubMed: 38227872
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Aug 2023Carnosine and anserine were reported to inhibit tyrosine nitration. However, there are no reports on the nitration inhibitory activities of balenine, 2-oxo-carnosine,...
Carnosine and anserine were reported to inhibit tyrosine nitration. However, there are no reports on the nitration inhibitory activities of balenine, 2-oxo-carnosine, 2-oxo-anserine, and 2-oxo-balenine. We demonstrated for the first time that these compounds exhibit inhibitory activities against peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration. 2-Oxo-imidazole dipeptides (2-oxo-IDPs) showed higher inhibitory activity than their precursor IDPs, thereby suggesting that 2-oxo-IDPs may be effective against nitrative stress-related diseases.
Topics: Carnosine; Anserine; Peroxynitrous Acid; Dipeptides; Imidazoles; Tyrosine
PubMed: 37244038
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.074 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of... (Review)
Review
Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine which are all exclusively abundant in red meat. Thus, it is imperative to highlight the available evidence to help promote red meat as part of a well-balanced diet to optimize human health. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the current research status of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine with metabolic syndrome, identify research hotspots, and delineate developmental trends by utilizing the visualization software CiteSpace. A total of 1094 publications were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2022. There exists a gradual increase in the number of publications on this topic, but there is still much room for research papers to rise. The United States has participated in the most studies, followed by China and Japan. The University of Sao Paulo was the research institute contributing the most; Kyung Ja Chang and Sanya Roysommuti have been identified as the most prolific authors. The analysis of keywords reveals that obesity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism, as well as ergogenic aid and growth promoter have been the research hotspots. Inflammation and diabetic nephropathy will likely be frontiers of future research related to dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine. Overall, this paper may provide insights for researchers to further delve into this field and enlist the greater community to re-evaluate the health effects of red meat.
PubMed: 37571314
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153374 -
Physiological Reports Oct 2023We evaluated whether anserine, a methylated analog of the dipeptide carnosine, is present in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of humans and whether the CARNMT1 gene,...
We evaluated whether anserine, a methylated analog of the dipeptide carnosine, is present in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of humans and whether the CARNMT1 gene, which encodes the anserine synthesizing enzyme carnosine-N-methyltransferase, is expressed in human skeletal muscle. We found that anserine is present at low concentrations (low micromolar range) in both cardiac and skeletal muscles, and that anserine content in skeletal muscle is ~15 times higher than in cardiac muscle (cardiac muscle: 10.1 ± 13.4 μmol·kg of dry muscle, n = 12; skeletal muscle: 158.1 ± 68.5 μmol·kg of dry muscle, n = 11, p < 0.0001). Anserine content in the heart was highly variable between individuals, ranging from 1.4 to 45.4 μmol·kg of dry muscle, but anserine content was not associated with sex, age, or body mass. We also showed that CARNMT1 gene is poorly expressed in skeletal muscle (n = 10). This is the first study to demonstrate that anserine is present in the ventricle of the human heart. The presence of anserine in human heart and the confirmation of its expression in human skeletal muscle open new avenues of investigation on the specific and differential physiological functions of histidine dipeptides in striated muscles.
Topics: Humans; Anserine; Carnosine; Muscle, Skeletal; Dipeptides; Myocardium
PubMed: 37771070
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15833 -
Marine Drugs Aug 2023Anserine is a naturally occurring histidine dipeptide with significant antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the preventive mechanism of anserine on...
Anserine is a naturally occurring histidine dipeptide with significant antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the preventive mechanism of anserine on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced liver damage in a normal human liver cell line (L-02 cells). The L-02 cells were pretreated with anserine (10, 20, and 40 mmol/L) and then induced with 400 μmol/L of TBHP for 4 h. The results showed that the survival rates of L-02 cells and the contents of GSH were significantly increased with the pretreatment of anserine; the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the extracellular fluid were sharply decreased; and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear fragmentation, and apoptosis were significantly inhibited. In addition, anserine could bind to the Kelch domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) with a binding force of -7.2 kcal/mol; the protein expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and Bcl-2 were upregulated by anserine in TBHP-induced L-02 cells, with the downregulation of p-JNK and caspase-3. In conclusion, anserine might alleviated liver injury in L-02 cells via regulating related proteins in the Keap1-Nrf2 and JNK-Caspase-3 signaling pathways.
PubMed: 37755089
DOI: 10.3390/md21090477