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Nutrients Oct 2023(1) Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has been shown to lower the risk of overweight and cardiometabolic disease later in life. However, evidence from low-income settings...
The Associations of Breastfeeding Status at 6 Months with Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Markers at 5 Years in the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition Birth Cohort.
(1) Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has been shown to lower the risk of overweight and cardiometabolic disease later in life. However, evidence from low-income settings remains sparse. We examined the associations of BF status at 6 months with anthropometry, body composition (BC), and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years in Ethiopian children. (2) Methods: Mother-child pairs from the iABC birth cohort were categorised into four BF groups at 6 months: 1. "Exclusive", 2. "Almost exclusive", 3. "Predominantly" and 4. "Partial or none". The associations of BF status with anthropometry, BC, and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years were examined using multiple linear regression analyses in three adjustment models. (3) Results: A total of 306 mother-child pairs were included. Compared with "Exclusive", the nonexclusive BF practices were associated with a lower BMI, blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol at 5 years. Compared with "Exclusive", "Predominantly" and "Almost exclusive" had shorter stature of -1.7 cm (-3.3, -0.2) and -1.2 cm (-2.9, 0.5) and a lower fat-free mass index of -0.36 kg/m (-0.71, -0.005) and -0.38 kg/m (-0.76, 0.007), respectively, but a similar fat mass index. Compared with "Exclusive", "Predominantly" had higher insulin of 53% (2.01, 130.49), "Almost exclusive" had lower total and LDL-cholesterol, and "Partial or none" had a lower fat mass index. (5) Conclusions: Our data suggest that children exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age are overall larger at 5 years, with greater stature, higher fat-free mass but similar fat mass, higher HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, and lower insulin concentrations compared with predominantly breastfed children. Long-term studies of the associations between BF and metabolic health are needed to inform policies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Breast Feeding; Body Mass Index; Birth Cohort; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Cholesterol, HDL; Cardiovascular Diseases; Insulins
PubMed: 37960248
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214595 -
European Review For Medical and... Oct 2023Although there is a relationship between earlier onset of puberty and increased adiposity tissue. Publications in the literature on adiposis in patients with central...
OBJECTIVE
Although there is a relationship between earlier onset of puberty and increased adiposity tissue. Publications in the literature on adiposis in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) have conflicting results. So, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between sexual maturation and obesity in the development of early puberty and to examine their relationship with pelvic sonographic parameters.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 126 girls [patients - premature thelarche (PT) and CPP - and controls] were included in this study. Anthropometric and ultrasonographic evaluations were made by the same pediatric endocrinologist and pediatric radiologist, respectively. Pubertal stages were made according to the Tanner stages. Height, weight, and body mass index were measured as anthropometric measurements, and visceral, subcutaneous, and transabdominal fat thicknesses were measured in sonographic evaluation.
RESULTS
The study population was divided into three groups: 44 healthy subjects to Group 1, 23 patients with PT to Group 2, and 59 patients with CPP to Group 3. When we evaluated the anthropometric and ultrasonographic parameters according to pubertal status, significant differences, especially between Group 1 and Group 3, were observed in all data. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the endometrial thickness (OR = 7.521, p < 0.001) and VFT (OR = 1.530, p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of precocious puberty.
CONCLUSIONS
It has been found that VFT and endometrial thickness measurements, which are evaluated quickly and accurately by USG, are important predictors of prepubertal precociousness.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Puberty, Precocious; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Puberty; Anthropometry; Obesity
PubMed: 37843336
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_33950 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Nov 2023The body mass index (BMI; weight/height ), providing no information about the relative size of any adipose tissue depots, may accordingly misclassify degrees of...
The body mass index (BMI; weight/height ), providing no information about the relative size of any adipose tissue depots, may accordingly misclassify degrees of cardiometabolic risk. However, in supine persons the abdominal height above the exam table (the sagittal abdominal diameter, SAD) is associated preferentially with the accumulation of visceral fat. Since visceral fat is a marker of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, SAD could contribute to the estimation of generalized cardiometabolic risk. The SAD has been measured inexpensively by a sliding-beam caliper in small studies and in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cross-sectional models found that the SAD/height ratio (SADHtR) is more strongly associated than the waist circumference/height ratio or BMI with intermediary predictors of cardiometabolic disease. Prospective studies are needed, however, to demonstrate how well SAD or SADHtR might predict major disease outcomes or all-cause mortality.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Sagittal Abdominal Diameter; Nutrition Surveys; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 37749805
DOI: 10.1002/oby.23889 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Aug 2023Current nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) guidelines do not provide any recommendations regarding the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a simple obesity metric... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Current nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) guidelines do not provide any recommendations regarding the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a simple obesity metric calculated by dividing waist circumference by height. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate WHtR in NAFLD.
METHODS
We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, identifying observational studies assessing WHtR in NAFLD. QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The two main statistical outcomes were the area under the curve (AUC) and the mean difference (MD).
RESULTS
We included a total of 27 studies in our quantitative and qualitative synthesis, with a total population of 93,536 individuals. WHtR was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls with an MD of 0.073 (95% CI 0.058 - 0.088). This was also confirmed after conducting a subgroup analysis according to the hepatic steatosis diagnosis method, for ultrasound (MD 0.066 [96% CI 0.051 - 0.081]) and transient elastography (MD 0.074 [96% CI 0.053 - 0.094]). Moreover, NAFLD male patients presented significantly lower WHtR compared to female patients (MD -0.022 [95% CI -0.041 - -0.004]). The AUC of WHtR for predicting NAFLD was 0.815 (95% CI 0.780 - 0.849).
CONCLUSIONS
WHtR is considerably higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls. Female NAFLD patients present higher WHtR compared to NAFLD male patients. In comparison to other presently suggested scores and markers, the WHtR's accuracy in predicting NAFLD is considered acceptable.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Waist-Height Ratio; Waist Circumference; Ultrasonography; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37321322
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102160 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryThe aim of this study was to determine the external ear values in Turkish young adults with 2-dimensional photogrammetry.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine the external ear values in Turkish young adults with 2-dimensional photogrammetry.
METHODS
One hundred males and 100 females aged between 18 and 25 years were included in the study. Individuals were photographed from both sides. Ear length (superaurel-subaurel, spa-sba ), ear width (preaurel-postaurel, pra-pa ), and the angle between the vertical axis of the auricle and the line between spa and sba (ear incline angle, eia ) were measured in these photographs. Also, auricular index ( pra-pa / spa-sba ×100) was calculated.
RESULTS
The average values of the spa-sba, pra-pa , eia , and auricular index were found as 65.46±4.68 mm, 37.89±3.61 mm, 19.40±4.83 degrees, and 57.93±4.53 in males and 60.90±5.35 mm, 35.62±3.69 mm, 17.95±4.86 degrees, and 58.65±5.29 in females, respectively. While the values of spa-sba ( P =0.001 for the right side and P =0.001 for the left side), pra-pa ( P =0.001 for the right side and P =0.001 for the left side), and eia ( P =0.024 for the right side and P =0.041 for the left side) were statistically higher for males than females, there was no statistically significant difference between the sex and the auricular index ( P =0.404 for the right side and P =0.955 for the left side). Besides, there was no statistically significant difference between the sides for these 4 parameters ( P =0.760, 0.409, 0.225, and 0.521, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The authors believe that the results obtained for Turkish young adults can be used as reference values, which can be used in the diagnosis, follow, or surgical treatment of many diseases, forensic procedures, and planning esthetic surgery procedures.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adolescent; Adult; Ear, External; Anthropometry; Ear Auricle; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Reference Values
PubMed: 37643081
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009708 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet.... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) ( 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) ( 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP ( 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes ( 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Glucose; Lipoproteins, HDL; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Triglycerides; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 37887692
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206954 -
Medicine Aug 2023Endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHPs) encompass various morphological changes, characterized by an increased ratio of endometrial glands to stroma. These changes...
Endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHPs) encompass various morphological changes, characterized by an increased ratio of endometrial glands to stroma. These changes manifest as endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial polyps. The objective of this study was to investigate the expressions of ER and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in EH and endometrial polyps, and determine their correlation with histological and anthropometric parameters. Tissue samples were obtained during hysteroresectoscopy and divided into 3 groups: non-atypical EH, glandular EP, and glandular-fibrous EP. We examined the immunoprofile of epithelial and stromal cells using rabbit polyclonal anti-COX2 antibodies and rabbit monoclonal anti-ER antibodies (clone SP1). Our results indicate that there is no association between the expressions of ER and COX2 and the type of EHP. Furthermore, the expression levels of ER and COX2 are not influenced by the patients anthropometric parameters. However, tissues with EHPs exhibited significantly higher COX2 expression compared to intact tissues. We also observed a direct correlation between ER and COX2 expression in the endometrial epithelium. The variability in ER and COX2 expressions observed in hyperplastic processes of the endometrium potentially suggests their synergistic involvement in the initiation and progression of EHPs, as well as their potential role in subsequent tumor transformation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anthropometry; Cyclooxygenase 2; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Hyperplasia; Receptors, Estrogen
PubMed: 37603513
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034864 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Sep 2023The aim of the study was to examine the effects of meal supervision, provided by health professionals, volunteers or family members, on anthropometric, nutritional,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of meal supervision, provided by health professionals, volunteers or family members, on anthropometric, nutritional, psychological, and behavioural outcomes in patients with eating disorders (EDs).
METHODS
The present systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The last search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane library). Inclusion criteria considered paediatric and adult patients suffering from EDs, regardless of ethnicity, and treated in different therapeutic settings. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies and Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool for randomised trials.
RESULTS
3282 articles were retrieved, out of which only 6 met the eligibility criteria. A marked heterogeneity in definitions and approaches to supervised mealtime was observed. This variability emerged in the methodologies used in the supervised meal, and in the reference values for the outcome measures that were used, such as the analysis of different parameters. Based on these observations, mealtime assistance provided to patients with EDs shows an overall positive effect on eating behaviour and dysfunctional attitudes. Future research should be prompted to provide a thorough definition of a structured procedure for meal assistance to be potentially and systematically included in the nutritional rehabilitation protocols for patients with EDs.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV systematic reviews of uncontrolled trials.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anthropometry; Anxiety; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Meals
PubMed: 37688675
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01605-9 -
West African Journal of Medicine Nov 2023Although a positive correlation has been shown to exist between blood pressure (BP) and anthropometry, conflicting reports have been documented about the anthropometric...
INTRODUCTION
Although a positive correlation has been shown to exist between blood pressure (BP) and anthropometry, conflicting reports have been documented about the anthropometric parameter that best determines increased blood pressure (BP) in children. Whereas waist circumference (WC) has been shown to correlate with BP in adults due to disproportionate fat distribution, the uniform fat distribution in children may alter this relationship established in the adult population.
OBJECTIVE
Correlation between anthropometric parameters and BP in children.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study of BP where 1350 apparently healthy secondary school adolescents aged 10-19 years were recruited over 6 months. The BP, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and WC were taken and analysed.
RESULTS
The mean weight of the students was 48.6±10.9kg with a range of 23-100kg, while height was 1.6±0.1m and ranged from 1.2-1.9m. The mean WC was 65.6±8.9cm and ranged from 22-100cm while the mean BMI was 18.9±3.1kg/m2. The overall mean systolic BP was 108.9±12.5mmHg with a range of 76-165mmHg while diastolic BP was 68.3±8.2mmHg and ranged from 47-95mmHg. The BP correlated positively with height with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure coefficients being 0.44 and 0.34 (r=0.44 & 0.34; p<0.001), correlated with weight with SDB and DBP coefficients (r=0.51 & 0.38; p<0.001), correlated with BMI (r= 0.40 & 0.29; p<0.001) and with WC (r= 0.31 & 0.23; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
SBP showed a stronger correlation with the anthropometries than the DBP in children. The weight has the highest correlation while the WC has the lowest correlation with BP in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Child; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Students
PubMed: 37970783
DOI: No ID Found -
Trials Oct 2023The global aging population is expanding rapidly and many individuals have a particularly higher risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition can lead to impaired body function,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The global aging population is expanding rapidly and many individuals have a particularly higher risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition can lead to impaired body function, morbidity, and mortality. Meeting nutritional requirements is a key strategy to minimize multiple debilitating adverse outcomes associated with malnutrition in the elderly. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) have been widely used as a dietary intervention for malnutrition in older adults. These supplements provide additional nutrients and calories to support nutritional requirements and have been shown to improve nutritional status, physical function, and quality of life in malnourished older adults.
METHODS
This is an open-label, randomized controlled, parallel-group study including 50 institutionalized older adults (aged > 60 years) with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition, living in a selected elderly care institution in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The aim is to assess improvement in healthy body weight gain and body composition in older adults with malnutrition at risk of malnutrition by using an ONS. Older adults will be screened for malnutrition using the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) tool and eligible participants randomized using the simple random sampling technique to intervention and control groups (1:1 allocation ratio). The intervention group will consume 200 mL of ONS before bed continuously for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the percentage who achieved at least 5% weight gain in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nutritional status (anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), frailty, functional capacity (hand grip strength, knee extension, and Barthel index) cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and physical activity will be assessed as secondary outcomes at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention. Some measurements (anthropometry, dietary, and functional assessments) will also be performed at the end of the 4th week. Data will be analyzed using SPSS V-23.
DISCUSSION
This study will determine whether the use of an ONS is effective in promoting healthy weight gain in older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. In addition, investigating the impact of an ONS on multiple outcomes via clinical, nutritional, functional, and cognitive function will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of these supplements.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Sri Lanka Clinical Trail Registry SLCTR/2022/021. Oct. 6, 2022.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Hand Strength; Quality of Life; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Dietary Supplements; Weight Gain; Body Weight
PubMed: 37784119
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07622-4