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Journal of Strength and Conditioning... May 2024Yao, X, Austerberry, A, Bishop, C, Wilson, L, Chiang, C-Y, and Turner, A. Seasonal variation and positional differences in anthropometry, strength, and power...
Yao, X, Austerberry, A, Bishop, C, Wilson, L, Chiang, C-Y, and Turner, A. Seasonal variation and positional differences in anthropometry, strength, and power characteristics in English premiership women's rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 924-931, 2024-Women's rugby is a collision sport that relies heavily on body composition and physical characteristics of strength and power to achieve competitive success. Furthermore, the seasonal nature presents a variety of physical challenges that can cause fluctuations in a player's physical development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the differences in anthropometry, strength, and power characteristics between forwards and backs in women's rugby union athletes in England and to identify changes throughout a season. Forty-seven players were recruited from the English premiership women's rugby during the 2020-2021 season. Players were split into forwards and backs and underwent body composition testing by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and strength and power tests (countermovement jump, drop jump [DJ], and isometric midthigh pull) on 3 separate occasions (preseason, midseason, postseason). Overall, forwards had significantly ( p < 0.01) higher body mass, fat mass, lean mass [LM], bone mineral content, and take off momentum, and backs had significantly higher ( p < 0.01, d > 0.5) jump height, reactive strength, and shorter DJ contact time. When observing seasonal changes, there were statistically significant differences ( p < 0.01) or moderate-to-large practical differences ( d > 0.5) in LM, reactive strength index modified, time to take-off, and DJ flight time [FT] among forwards when comparing 3 testing time frames. For backs, statistically significant differences ( p < 0.01) or moderate-to-large practical differences ( d > 0.5) were reported in LM and DJ FT throughout the season. In conclusion, the strength and power testing and characteristics shown in this study could support coaches and junior women's rugby athletes to have a basic understanding of English premiership physical standards.
Topics: Humans; Female; Muscle Strength; Seasons; Young Adult; Anthropometry; Body Composition; England; Adult; Football; Athletic Performance; Absorptiometry, Photon; Athletes; Rugby
PubMed: 38608041
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004736 -
PeerJ 2023This study aims to investigate body fluids and muscle changes evoked by different trail races using anthropometric, bioelectrical, and creatine kinase (CK) measurements.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to investigate body fluids and muscle changes evoked by different trail races using anthropometric, bioelectrical, and creatine kinase (CK) measurements.
METHODS
A total of 92 subjects (55 men, 37 women) participating in three different races of 14, 35, and 52 km were evaluated before (PRE) and after (POST) the races. Classic bioelectrical impedance vector analysis was applied at the whole-body level (WB-BIVA). Additionally, muscle-localized bioelectrical assessments (ML-BIVA) were performed in a subgroup of 11 men (in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves). PRE-POST differences and correlations between bioelectrical values and CK, running time and race distance were tested.
RESULTS
Changes in whole-body vectors and phase angles disclosed an inclination towards dehydration among men in the 14, 35, and 52 km groups ( < 0.001), as well as among women in the 35 and 52 km groups ( < 0.001). PRE Z/H was negatively correlated with running time in the 35 km men group and 14 km women group ( = -0.377, = 0.048; = -0.751, = 0.001; respectively). POST Z/H was negatively correlated with running time in the 14 km women group ( = -0.593, = 0.02). CK was positively correlated with distance in men and women ( < 0.001) and negatively correlated with reactance and vector length in the 14 km men group ( < 0.05). ML-BIVA echoed the same tendency as the WB-BIVA in the 35 and 52 km runners, with the most notable changes occurring in the calves ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
WB-BIVA and CK measurements underscored a conspicuous trend towards post-race dehydration and muscle damage, displaying a weak association with performance. Notably, ML-BIVA detected substantial alterations primarily in the calves. The study underscores the utility of BIVA as a technique to assess athlete's body composition changes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Animals; Cattle; Dehydration; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Body Fluids; Muscles
PubMed: 38054016
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16563 -
Danish Medical Journal Aug 2023Anthropometric data are key to evaluating infant health. This study assessed the validity of parent-reported infant weight and length, and their reliability to...
INTRODUCTION
Anthropometric data are key to evaluating infant health. This study assessed the validity of parent-reported infant weight and length, and their reliability to categorise children by BMI z-score, as compared to clinical measurements.
METHODS
From a cohort of 4,262 infants, parent-reported and clinically measured anthropometric data were obtained and compared at three months and one year of age.
RESULTS
Parent-reported and clinically measured data generally correlated well. Mean differences at three months and at one year, respectively, were 0.08 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.09 kg) and 0.10 kg (95% CI: 0.08-0.12 kg) for weight, 0.8 cm (95% CI: 0.8-0.9 cm) and 1.0 cm (95% CI: 0.9-1.1 cm) for length and -0.16 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.20--0.12 kg/m2) and -0.22 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.27--0.18 kg/m2) for BMI. Effect sizes were negligible to small. Bland-Altman plots showed clinically insignificant bias, but 95% limits of agreement were wide enough to be significant. Comparing categorisation of BMI z-score showed only fair agreement.
CONCLUSION
Parents' reports of measured infant weight and length are reliable at a population level in a setting with routine preventive care. Parent-reported data should not be used for assessment of individual infants, particularly not if a health condition is suspected. BMI calculated from parent-reported anthropometrics is not reliable.
FUNDING
None.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered with www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov, registration number NCT01694108.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Reproducibility of Results; Anthropometry; Parents; Research Design
PubMed: 37622649
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Nov 2023Time-restricted eating (TRE) is an increasingly popular dietary strategy for weight loss. Recent studies suggest that combining TRE with caloric restriction (CR) may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is an increasingly popular dietary strategy for weight loss. Recent studies suggest that combining TRE with caloric restriction (CR) may have more favorable effects on both physical and biochemical aspects when compared with CR alone. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of TRE with CR vs. CR alone on anthropometric and biochemical measures in overweight or obese adults. We reviewed articles from PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library published before 25 May 2023. The meta-analysis incorporated data from seven randomized controlled trials of nine interventions, with a total of 231 participants in the TRE with CR group and 227 participants in the CR-only group. Data were analyzed using RewMan version 5.4.1. All results in our meta-analysis were described as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (Cl). Results showed that TRE with CR compared to CR alone resulted in significantly greater reductions in body weight (MD: -2.11 kg, 95% CI: -2.68 kg to -1.54 kg, = < 0.00001, = 42%), body fat mass (MD: -0.75 kg, 95% CI: -1.35 kg to -0.16 kg, = 0.01; = 0%), and waist circumference (MD: -1.27 cm, 95% CI: -2.36 cm to -0.19 cm, = 0.02, = 0%), while no additional impact of TRE in combination with CR in comparison to CR on serum biochemical parameters were found. Our results suggest that the improvement in biochemical parameters are mainly caused by CR, while improvements in anthropometric parameters are further enhanced by TRE.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Caloric Restriction; Body Weight; Weight Loss; Obesity; Overweight; Anthropometry
PubMed: 38068769
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234911 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Nov 2023Obesity and arterial stiffness are important risk factors for disease development. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness remains unclear. We...
Obesity and arterial stiffness are important risk factors for disease development. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness remains unclear. We examined the relationship of visceral fat area (VFA) and anthropometric obesity indices with arterial stiffness. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2 789 participants (50% women) who underwent both VFA and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements during health checkups. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI) were assessed. Visceral fat area was quantified using abdominal computed tomography. In women, VFA and all anthropometric indices positively correlated with age. In men, VFA, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI positively correlated with age; BMI inversely correlated with age; and WC did not correlate with age. Visceral fat area significantly correlated with anthropometric indices, but its correlation with ABSI was modest. In women, baPWV showed modest correlations with VFA and anthropometric indices and little correlations with BMI. In men, baPWV modestly correlated with VFA, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI, but inversely correlated with BMI and did not significantly correlate with WC. The multivariable-adjusted model showed that VFA and anthropometric indices, except ABSI, were inversely associated with baPWV; however, they were positively associated with metabolic syndrome components, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. A body-shaped index weakly associated positively with baPWV, but misclassified individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome components. Visceral fat area and most anthropometric obesity indices were positively associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, but inversely associated with baPWV. Visceral fat area and anthropometric indices, except a body-shaped index, were inversely associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity but positively associated with metabolic syndrome components, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Metabolic Syndrome; Vascular Stiffness; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ankle Brachial Index; Pulse Wave Analysis; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Risk Factors; Hypertension; Waist Circumference; Hyperglycemia; Waist-Height Ratio; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 37353686
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01350-7 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Nov 2023In-utero hyperglycemia exposure influences later cardiometabolic risk, although few studies include women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes (T2D) or assess maternal body...
BACKGROUND
In-utero hyperglycemia exposure influences later cardiometabolic risk, although few studies include women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes (T2D) or assess maternal body mass index (BMI) as a potential confounder.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the association of maternal T2D and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with childhood anthropometry, and the influence of maternal BMI on these associations.
METHODS
The PANDORA cohort comprises women (n = 1138) and children (n = 1163). Women with GDM and T2D were recruited from a hyperglycemia in pregnancy register, and women with normoglycemia from the community. Wave 1 follow-up included 423 children, aged 1.5-5 years (median follow-up age 2.5 years). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations between maternal antenatal variables, including BMI and glycemic status, with offspring anthropometry (weight, height, BMI, skinfold thicknesses, waist, arm and head circumferences).
RESULTS
Greater maternal antenatal BMI was associated with increased anthropometric measures in offspring independent of maternal glycemic status. After adjustment, including for maternal BMI, children exposed to maternal GDM had lower mean weight (-0.54 kg, 95% CI: -0.99, -0.11), BMI (-0.55 kg/m, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.20), head (-0.52 cm, 95% CI: -0.88, -0.16) and mid-upper arm (-0.32 cm, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.01) circumferences, and greater mean suprailiac skinfold (0.78 mm, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.43), compared to children exposed to normoglycemia. Adjustment for maternal BMI strengthened the negative association between GDM and child weight, BMI and circumferences. Children exposed to maternal T2D had smaller mean head circumference (-0.82 cm, 95% CI: -1.33, -0.31) than children exposed to normoglycemia. Maternal T2D was no longer associated with greater child mean skinfolds (p = 0.14) or waist circumference (p = 0.18) after adjustment for maternal BMI.
CONCLUSIONS
Children exposed to GDM had greater suprailiac skinfold thickness than unexposed children, despite having lower mean weight, BMI and mid-upper arm circumference, and both GDM and T2D were associated with smaller mean head circumference. Future research should assess whether childhood anthropometric differences influence lifetime cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental risk.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Female; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Prediabetic State; Hyperglycemia; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37608089
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01366-6 -
JAMA Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 37792387
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.19205 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Sep 2023Normal-weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by normal body mass index (BMI) but high body fat percentage (%BF) that increases the risks of cardiometabolic...
BACKGROUND
Normal-weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by normal body mass index (BMI) but high body fat percentage (%BF) that increases the risks of cardiometabolic comorbidities. Accurate assessment and interpretation of body composition data are necessary to reduce these risks.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the cardiometabolic profile of individuals with NWO and normal %BF and evaluate the associated risk factors.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 Brazilian adults from a university community, of whom 157 had NWO and 65 had normal BMI and %BF (non-NWO). All participants reported being asymptomatic and without underlying health conditions. Socioeconomic, lifestyle, food intake, anthropometry, body composition measures (using dual-energy radiological absorptiometry), and lipid and glycemic profiles were evaluated. A p < 0.05 was established as significant.
RESULTS
The median age of the participants was 23 years (interquartile range: 21 to 25), and most were female (67.1%). No significant differences were found in blood pressure, age, or physical activity levels between the NWO and non-NWO groups. However, the frequency of lipid profile disturbances was higher in the NWO group (54%) compared to the non-NWO group (34%) (p < 0.006). Neck circumference, %BF, and lipid profile disturbances were positively associated with NWO.
CONCLUSION
Individuals with NWO have a worse cardiometabolic profile than those without NWO, and this condition is associated with important biomarkers. Addressing these outcomes is important for preventing long-term cardiometabolic complications. Accurate assessment and interpretation of body composition data, regardless of BMI, are crucial in this scenario.
Topics: Female; Young Adult; Humans; Adult; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Lipids
PubMed: 37878879
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220914 -
European Review For Medical and... Aug 2023The purpose of the study is to assess body hydration in patients with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PVD, one of the most...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study is to assess body hydration in patients with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PVD, one of the most common eye diseases, is associated in both research and the collective image with reduced daily water intake, but this finding is not supported by strong evidence in the literature.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Based on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) evaluation, different PVD stages are identified: absent posterior vitreous detachment, partial posterior vitreous detachment (P-PVD), or complete posterior vitreous detachment (C-PVD). BIA is a simple, non-invasive bedside method used to assess body composition. Patients underwent BIA and completed a floaters symptoms. 30 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the degree of vitreous detachment, in P-PVD (n=12) and C-PVD (n=18). Patients underwent BIA and completed a floaters symptoms questionnaire. BIA measured the Resistance (R), Reactance (Xc), Phase Angle (PhA), Total Body Water (TBW), Extracellular Water (ECW), Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and Body Cell Mass Index (BCMI). Finally, patients received a test to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Test Score, MDTS) with the addition of daily water intake.
RESULTS
Relevant data were obtained from the BIA evaluation: the values of R and Xc were lower in the P-PVD group than C-PVD group (respectively 417.08±58.12 Ω vs. 476.94±51.29 Ω p=0.006 and 41.33±8.23 Ω vs. 50.61±7.98 Ω p=0.004). Instead, patients in the P-PVD group reported higher values of TBW and ECW than C-PVD group (respectively 44.13±7.57 L vs. 37.96±6.27 L p=0.021 and 21.03±4.06 L vs. 17.24±2.63 L p=0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, we reported a significant correlation between vitreous pathology and anthropometric and BIA measurements.
Topics: Humans; Vitreous Detachment; Electric Impedance; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Water
PubMed: 37606140
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33303 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) May 2024Little is known about the degrees and shapes of associations of changes in obesity indices with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks. We aimed to conduct a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the degrees and shapes of associations of changes in obesity indices with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks. We aimed to conduct a dose-response meta-analysis for the associations of changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio with CVD events, CVD-specific deaths, and all-cause mortality.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE via OvidSP, Embase via OvidSP, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus for articles published before January 8, 2023. Dose-response relationships were modeled using the one-stage mixed-effects meta-analysis. Random-effects models were used to pool the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
We included 122 articles. Weight change was negatively associated with deaths from CVD and any cause, while WC change elevated CVD-specific mortality. Non-linear relationships also confirmed the adverse effects of increased WC on CVD-specific mortality. Additionally, gains of 5 kg in weight and 1 kg/m in BMI or more were associated with elevated CVD events, especially among young adults and individuals without CVD. Conversely, reductions of 5 kg in weight and 1 kg/m in BMI or more were associated with higher CVD-specific and all-cause deaths than increased counterparts, particularly among old adults and individuals with CVD. Similar non-linear relationships between relative changes in weight and BMI and deaths from CVD and any cause were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of changes in weight and BMI on CVD outcomes were affected by age and cardiovascular health. Tailored weight management and avoidance of increased WC should be recommended.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity; Body Mass Index; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Body Weight; Female; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38336864
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01485-8