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Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2023To overcome the challenge of multidrug resistance, natural and synthetic peptides are candidates to become the basis of innovative therapeutics, featuring diverse... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
To overcome the challenge of multidrug resistance, natural and synthetic peptides are candidates to become the basis of innovative therapeutics, featuring diverse mechanisms of action. Traditionally, the time elapsed from medical discoveries to their application is long. The urgency derived from the emergence of antibiotic resistance recommends an acceleration of research to put the new weapons in the hands of clinicians.
AREAS COVERED
This narrative review introduces ideas and suggestions of new strategies that may be used as a basis upon which to recommend reduced development times and to facilitate the arrival of new molecules in the fight against microbes.
EXPERT OPINION
Although studies on new innovative antimicrobial treatments are being conducted, sooner rather than later, more clinical trials, preclinical and translational research are needed to promote the development of innovative antimicrobial treatments for multidrug resistant infections. The situation is worrying, no less than that generated by pandemics such as the ones we have just experienced and conflicts such as world wars. Although from the point of view of human perception, resistance to antibiotics may not seem as serious as these other situations, it is possibly the hidden pandemic that most jeopardizes the future of medicine.
Topics: Humans; Antimicrobial Peptides; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Peptides
PubMed: 37366927
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2226796 -
Veterinary Research Communications Sep 2023Aquaculture is an important food sector throughout the globe because of its importance in ensuring the availability of nutritious and safe food for human beings. In... (Review)
Review
Aquaculture is an important food sector throughout the globe because of its importance in ensuring the availability of nutritious and safe food for human beings. In recent years, this sector has been challenged with several obstacles especially the emergence of infectious disease outbreaks. Various treatment and control aspects, including antibiotics, antiseptics, and other anti-microbial agents, have been used to treat farmed fish and shrimp against diseases. Nonetheless, these medications have been prohibited and banned in many countries because of the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, the accumulation of residues in the flesh of farmed fish and shrimp, and their environmental threats to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, scientists and researchers have concentrated their research on finding natural and safe products to control disease outbreaks. From these natural products, bovine lactoferrin can be utilized as a functional feed supplement. Bovine lactoferrin is a multi-functional glycoprotein applied in various industries, like food preservation, and numerous medications, due to its non-toxic and ecological features. Recent research has proposed multiple advantages and benefits of using bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture. Reports showed its potential ability to enhance growth, reduce mortalities, regulate iron metabolism, decrease disease outbreaks, stimulate the antioxidant defense system, and recuperate the overall health conditions of the treated fish and shrimp. Besides, bovine lactoferrin can be considered as a safe antibiotic alternative and a unique therapeutic agent to decrease the negative impacts of infectious diseases. These features can be attributed to its well-known antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antioxidant capabilities. This literature review will highlight the implications of bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture, particularly highlighting its therapeutic features and ability to promote immunological defensive pathways in fish. The information included in this article would be valuable for further research studies to improve aquaculture's sustainability and the functionality of aquafeeds.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Lactoferrin; Antioxidants; Ecosystem; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36658448
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10060-3 -
American Journal of Infection Control Nov 2023Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a key risk factor for S. aureus infections in surgical patients and in hospitalized patients. Many studies have assessed various... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a key risk factor for S. aureus infections in surgical patients and in hospitalized patients. Many studies have assessed various decolonization agents, protocols, and settings. This review summarizes key findings about nasal decolonization for 2 different patient populations: patients undergoing surgery and patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
METHODS
We reviewed major studies related to decolonization of patients colonized with S. aureus and who were either undergoing surgical procedures or were hospitalized in intensive care units. We focused on recent studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and robust quasi-experimental trials. We also reviewed select non-randomized trials when more rigorous trials were limited.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
Mupirocin is the best-studied agent for decolonization. Its use reduces the risk of surgical site infection following orthopedic surgery (strongest data) and cardiac surgery. Mupirocin decolonization also reduces the incidence of S. aureus clinical cultures in the intensive care unit. Povidone-iodine is less well-studied. Current data suggest that it decreases the risk of surgical site infections after orthopedic surgical procedures. In contrast, povidone-iodine is less effective than mupirocin for reducing the incidence of S aureus clinical cultures in the intensive care unit. Both mupirocin and povidone-iodine have important limitations, highlighting the need for future decolonization research.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Mupirocin; Povidone-Iodine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Intensive Care Units; Chlorhexidine; Carrier State
PubMed: 37890955
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.004 -
International Journal of Oncology Nov 2023Chloroxylenol is the active ingredient of the antibacterial agent Dettol. The anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms of this compound and other common antimicrobial...
Chloroxylenol is the active ingredient of the antibacterial agent Dettol. The anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms of this compound and other common antimicrobial agents have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the effects of chloroxylenol, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, triclosan and triclocarban on β‑catenin‑mediated Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer were evaluated using the SuperTOPFlash reporter assay. It was demonstrated that chloroxylenol, but not the other antimicrobial agents tested, inhibited the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway by decreasing the nuclear translocation of β‑catenin and disrupting β‑catenin/T‑cell factor 4 complex, which resulted in the downregulation of the Wnt target genes Axin2, Survivin and Leucine‑rich G protein‑coupled receptor‑5. Chloroxylenol effectively inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, and sphere formation, and induced apoptosis in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Notably, chloroxylenol attenuated the growth of colorectal cancer in the MC38 cell xenograft model and inhibited organoid formation by the patient‑derived cells. Chloroxylenol also demonstrated inhibitory effects on the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that chloroxylenol could exert anti‑tumor activities in colorectal cancer by targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, which provided an insight into its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent.
Topics: Humans; beta Catenin; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Anti-Infective Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37681484
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5569 -
Medicinal Chemistry (Shariqah (United... 2024Pyridazinone analogs possess diverse types of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,... (Review)
Review
Pyridazinone analogs possess diverse types of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antisecretory, antiulcer, and other useful pharmacological activities. They also possess cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, glutamate transporter activators, adenosine receptor antagonists, serotonin receptors antagonists, lipooxygenase, cholinesterase, vasodilator, and anesthetics. Pyridazine rings are the essential structure for some marketed drugs, such as pimobendan, levosimendan as a cardiotonic drug, and emorfozan as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) agent. So, researchers all over the world have paid attention to synthesizing various pyridazinone compounds mainly due to the ease of design and synthesis of different analogs and variables in the pharmacological responses. This review article focuses on the pharmacological activities of different pyridazine analogs.
Topics: Pyridazines; Humans; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Molecular Structure; Analgesics; Structure-Activity Relationship; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37711126
DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230913102835 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Jul 2023In order to support the elevated market demand for the development of textiles with specific benefits for a healthy and safe lifestyle, several bioactive textiles with... (Review)
Review
In order to support the elevated market demand for the development of textiles with specific benefits for a healthy and safe lifestyle, several bioactive textiles with defined properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-odor, and anti-repellent, anti-ultraviolet (UV) radiation, have been proposed. Antimicrobial textiles, particularly, have received special interest considering the search for smart, protective textiles that also impact health and well-being. Although the incorporation of antimicrobials into textile material has been well succeeded, the addition of such components in textile clothing can influence the balance of the skin microbiota of the wearer. While most antimicrobial textiles have demonstrated good biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, some problems such as textile biodegradation, odor, and dissemination of unwanted microorganisms might arise. However, little is known about the impact of such antimicrobial textile-products on human skin microbiota. To address this issue, the present review, for the first time, gives an overview about the main effects of antimicrobial textiles, i.e., antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral, on skin microbiota while driving future investigation to elucidate their putative clinical relevance and possible applications according to their impact on skin microbiota. This knowledge may open doors for the development of more microbiota friendly textiles or antimicrobial textile-products able to target specific populations of the skin microbiota aiming to alleviate skin disorders, malodor, and allergies by avoiding the growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms.
Topics: Humans; Textiles; Skin; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37182552
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.004 -
Amino Acids Oct 2023Peptides are short linear molecules consisting of amino acids that play an essential role in most biological processes. They can treat diseases by working as a vaccine...
Peptides are short linear molecules consisting of amino acids that play an essential role in most biological processes. They can treat diseases by working as a vaccine or antimicrobial agent and serves as a cancer molecule to deliver the drug to the target site for the treatment of cancer. They have the potential to solve the drawbacks of current medications and can be industrially produced in large quantities at low cost. However, poor chemical and physical stability, short circulating plasma half-life, and solubility are some issues that need solutions before they can be used as therapeutics. PepAnalyzer tool is a user-friendly tool that predicts 15 different properties such as binding potential, half-life, transmembrane patterns, test tube stability, charge, isoelectric point, molecular weights, and molar extinction coefficients only using the sequence. The tool is designed using BioPython utility and has even results with standard tools, such as Expasy, EBI, Genecorner, and Geneinfinity. The tool assists students, researchers, and the pharmaceutical sector. The PepAnalyzer tool's online platform is accessible at the link: http://www.iksmbrlabdu.in/peptool .
Topics: Humans; Peptides; Amino Acids; Anti-Infective Agents; Isoelectric Point; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 37668712
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03317-x -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry May 2024Pillararenes have gained great interest among researchers in many fields due to their symmetric structure and facile functionalization. In this review, we summarize... (Review)
Review
Pillararenes have gained great interest among researchers in many fields due to their symmetric structure and facile functionalization. In this review, we summarize recent progress for pillararenes as antimicrobial agents, ranging from cationic pillararenes and peptide-modified pillararenes to sugar-functionalized pillararenes. Moreover, their structure-activity relationships are presented, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. As a state-of-the-art technology, their opportunities and outlook are also outlined in this emerging field. Overall, their potent inhibitory activity and high biocompatibility give them potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Humans; Structure-Activity Relationship; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38727528
DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00396a -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Numerous innovative advancements in dressing technology for wound healing have emerged. Among the various types of wound dressings available, hydrogel dressings,... (Review)
Review
Numerous innovative advancements in dressing technology for wound healing have emerged. Among the various types of wound dressings available, hydrogel dressings, structured with a three-dimensional network and composed of predominantly hydrophilic components, are widely used for wound care due to their remarkable capacity to absorb abundant wound exudate, maintain a moisture environment, provide soothing and cooling effects, and mimic the extracellular matrix. Composite hydrogel dressings, one of the evolved dressings, address the limitations of traditional hydrogel dressings by incorporating additional components, including particles, fibers, fabrics, or foams, within the hydrogels, effectively promoting wound treatment and healing. The added elements enhance the features or add specific functionalities of the dressings, such as sensitivity to external factors, adhesiveness, mechanical strength, control over the release of therapeutic agents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and tissue regeneration behavior. They can be categorized as natural or synthetic based on the origin of the main components of the hydrogel network. This review focuses on recent research on developing natural polysaccharide-based composite hydrogel wound dressings. It explores their preparation and composition, the reinforcement materials integrated into hydrogels, and therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it discusses their features and the specific types of wounds where applied.
Topics: Hydrogels; Wound Healing; Anti-Infective Agents; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38069035
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316714 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2024Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMPS) combinations are widely used to treat a range of infectious diseases in horses, but some equine practitioners are reluctant to use them... (Review)
Review
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMPS) combinations are widely used to treat a range of infectious diseases in horses, but some equine practitioners are reluctant to use them for treatment of both neonatal and older foals. Considering the emergence of increased antimicrobial resistance, the use of protected antimicrobials commonly prescribed to foals should be avoided and alternative first-line therapy considered, where appropriate. This review examines the characteristics and pharmacokinetics of TMPS and its suitability for treatment of foals. Data regarding dosage and route of administration are reported on the basis of recent publications in foals. The review intends to share significant information about the common infections that are most likely responsive to TMPS treatment in foals and, as such, where TMPS might be considered a suitable first-line therapeutic option.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Horse Diseases; Trimethoprim; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sulfonamides; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38479105
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.09.0536