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Chemico-biological Interactions Aug 2023Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular antioxidant defense system at the posttranscriptional level.... (Review)
Review
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular antioxidant defense system at the posttranscriptional level. During oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) to transcribe antioxidative metabolizing/detoxifying genes. Various transcription factors like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone methylation might also regulate the expression of Nrf2. Despite its protective role, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling is considered as a pharmacological target due to its involvement in various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatotoxicity and kidney disorders. Recently, nanomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and are also used in various biological applications, for example, biosensors, drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, etc. In this review, we will be discussing the functions of nanoparticles and Nrf2 as a combined therapy or sensitizing agent and their significance in various diseases such as diabetes, cancers and oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
Topics: Humans; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Neoplasms; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37187268
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110535 -
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Mar 2024Phenothiazines (PTZs) are an emerging group of molecules showing effectiveness toward redox signaling and reduction of oxidative injury to cells, via the activation on... (Review)
Review
Phenothiazines (PTZs) are an emerging group of molecules showing effectiveness toward redox signaling and reduction of oxidative injury to cells, via the activation on Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although several electrophilic and indirect Nrf2 activators have been reported, the risk of "off-target" effect due to the complexity of their molecular mechanisms of action, has aroused research interest toward non-electrophilic and direct modulators of Nrf2 pathway, such as PTZs. This review represents the first overview on the roles of PTZs as non-electrophilic Nrf2 activator and free radical scavengers, as well as on their potential therapeutic effects in oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Here, we provide a collective and comprehensive information on the PTZs ability to scavenge free radicals and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with the aim to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and to stimulate innovative research ideas.
Topics: Antioxidants; Free Radical Scavengers; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Phenothiazines
PubMed: 38369721
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23661 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Aug 2023Metal oxide nanozymes have emerged as the most efficient and promising candidates to mimic antioxidant enzymes for treatment of oxidative stress-mediated...
Metal oxide nanozymes have emerged as the most efficient and promising candidates to mimic antioxidant enzymes for treatment of oxidative stress-mediated pathophysiological disorders, but the current effectiveness is unsatisfactory due to insufficient catalytic performance. Here, we report for the first time an intrinsic strain-mediated ultrathin ceria nanoantioxidant. Surface strain in ceria with variable thicknesses and coordinatively unsaturated Ce sites was investigated by theoretical calculation analysis and then was validated by preparing ∼1.2 nm ultrathin nanoplates with ∼3.0% tensile strain in plane/∼10.0% tensile strain out of plane. Compared with nanocubes, surface strain in ultrathin nanoplates could enhance the covalency of the Ce-O bond, leading to increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic activity by ∼2.6-fold (1533 U/mg, in close proximity to that of natural SOD) and total antioxidant activity by ∼2.5-fold. As a proof of concept, intrinsic strain-mediated ultrathin ceria nanoplates could boost antioxidation for improved ischemic stroke treatment , significantly better than edaravone, a commonly used clinical drug.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Catalysis; Ischemic Stroke; Oxides; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37596995
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07048 -
Reproduction & Fertility Jul 2023Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) causes peroxidation of lipids and damage to spermatozoa, thus, reducing the quality of seminal... (Review)
Review
ABSTRACT
Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) causes peroxidation of lipids and damage to spermatozoa, thus, reducing the quality of seminal parameters. In addition, the differences in the levels of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by intrinsic and extrinsic variables linked to lifestyle, diet, genetics, and OS also contribute to male infertility. High levels of ROS result in sperm damage of sperm parameters due to lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins. Other significant causes of ROS include changes in sex hormone levels, sperm DNA damage, including mutations, and immature spermatozoa. Treating the root causes of OS, by changing one's lifestyle, as well as antioxidant therapy, may be helpful strategies to fight OS-related infertility. However, the determination of male infertility induced by OS is currently a challenge in the field of reproductive health research. This review intends to describe the role of oxidative stress on male infertility and the current understanding of its management.
LAY SUMMARY
The inability to conceive affects many couples globally. Oxidative stress refers to imbalances between different oxygen species which can lead to male fertility problems by damaging sperm and semen. Oxidative stress may be caused by several factors, including diets high in fats, sugars and processed foods, lifestyle (including smoking, alcohol consumption and having a sedentary lifestyle), and genetics. Treatment that focuses on the root cause may help combat male infertility. However, there is currently no consensus on the best way to treat male fertility problems, particularly those associated with oxidative stress. This paper describes the role of oxidative stress on male infertility and discusses the current techniques employed in treating male fertility issues.
Topics: Male; Animals; Reactive Oxygen Species; Semen; Oxidative Stress; Infertility, Male; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37276172
DOI: 10.1530/RAF-23-0024 -
Life Sciences Dec 2023Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and affects between 10 and 14 % of the world's population. The World Health Organization... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and affects between 10 and 14 % of the world's population. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2040, the disease will be fifth in prevalence. End-stage CKD is characterized by renal fibrosis, which can eventually lead to kidney failure and death. Renal fibrosis develops due to multiple injuries and involves oxidative stress and inflammation. In the human body, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective genes, which prevents oxidative stress and inflammation damage. Heme oxygenase (HO-1) is an inducible homolog influenced by heme products and after exposure to cellular stress inducers such as oxidants, inflammatory chemokines/cytokines, and tissue damage as an outcome or downstream of Nrf2 activation. HO-1 is known for its antioxidative properties, which play an important role in regulating oxidative stress. In renal diseases-induced tissue fibrosis and xenobiotics-induced renal fibrosis, Nrf2/HO-1 has been targeted with promising results. This review summarizes these studies and highlights the interesting bioactive compounds that may assist in attenuating renal fibrosis mediated by HO-1 activation. In conclusion, Nrf2/HO-1 signal activation could have a renoprotective effect strategy against CKD caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and consequent renal fibrosis.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Fibrosis; Heme Oxygenase-1; Inflammation; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37890696
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122209 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated... (Review)
Review
The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Oxidative Stress; Hyperglycemia; Inflammation; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37894687
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207209 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Sep 2023Tremella fuciformis, also known as snow mushroom, is an edible mushroom that has historically been popular in herbal and Asian medicine and cuisine. The main... (Review)
Review
Tremella fuciformis, also known as snow mushroom, is an edible mushroom that has historically been popular in herbal and Asian medicine and cuisine. The main polysaccharide ingredients have been extracted and used as treatment in a variety of conditions, demonstrating positive effects in a range of biological functions including those involved in antioxidation, antitumor, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective pathways. Studies have demonstrated the role this extract may play in skin antiaging, photoprotection, wound healing, and barrier protection. Most studies have been limited to in vitro and in vivo animal models. Future clinical research is needed to further understand the role of T. fuciformis in dermatology. This review will discuss the existing research findings and potential future applications for T. fuciformis as a treatment in skin conditions.
Topics: Animals; Basidiomycota; Wound Healing; Antioxidants
PubMed: 36757441
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02550-4 -
Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Potential of Essential Oils in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in recent decades, an increasing interest has... (Review)
Review
Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in recent decades, an increasing interest has developed due to the need to rediscover herbal remedies and adjuvant therapies for the management of various diseases, particularly chronic ones. The present narrative review examines the potential for EOs to exert hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes mellitus, analyzing the main publications having evaluated plant species with potentially beneficial effects through their phytocompounds in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Numerous species have shown promising characteristics that can be used in diabetes management. The hypoglycemic effects of these EOs are attributed to their capacity to stimulate glucose uptake, suppress glucose production, and increase insulin sensitivity. Moreover, EOs can alleviate the oxidative stress by manifesting their antioxidant effects via a variety of mechanisms, including the scavenging of free radicals, the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and the decreasing of lipid peroxidation, due to their diverse chemical composition. These findings demonstrate the possible benefits of EOs as adjuvant therapeutic agents in the management of diabetes and its complications. The use of EOs in the treatment of diabetes shows good potential for the development of natural and effective strategies to enhance the health outcomes of people with this chronic condition, but additional experimental endorsements are required.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Antioxidants; Oils, Volatile; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
PubMed: 38003691
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216501 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2024Nanocoatings are ultra-thin layers on the nanoscale (<100 nm) that are deposited on the substrate to improve their properties and functionality. These nanocoatings... (Review)
Review
Nanocoatings are ultra-thin layers on the nanoscale (<100 nm) that are deposited on the substrate to improve their properties and functionality. These nanocoatings provide significant advantages compared to traditional coating, including stain resistance, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, odor control and delivery of active agents, and liquid repellence properties. In the food industry, nanocoating is widely used in the food packaging sector. In this regard, nanocoating offers antimicrobials and antioxidant properties to active food packaging by incorporating active bioactive compounds into materials used in already existing packaging. The application of nanocoating is applied to these kinds of food packaging with nano coating to improve shelf life, safety, and quality of food packaging. In smart/intelligent packaging, the active packaging coating is promising food packaging, which is designed by releasing preservatives and nanocoating as an antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, barrier coating, and self-cleaning food contact surfaces. In addition, nanocoating can be used for food contact surfaces, kitchen utensils, and food processing equipment to create antimicrobial, antireflective, and dirt-repellent properties. These are critical properties for food processing, especially for meat and dairy processing facilities, which can reduce biofilm formation and prevent cross-contamination. Recently, appreciable growth in the development of the application of nanocoating as edible films for coating food products has emerged to improve food safety issues. In this regard, much scientific research in the area of nanocoating fruits and vegetables, and other food products was performed to address food safety issues. Hence, this promising technology can be a great addition to the agricultural and food industries. Thus, this review addresses the most relevant information about this technology and the applications of nanocoating in the food industry.
Topics: Food Preservation; Antioxidants; Anti-Infective Agents; Food Packaging; Food Handling
PubMed: 37935295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127906 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023There are extensive studies that confirm the harmful and strong influence of oxidative stress on the skin. The body's response to oxidative stress can vary depending on... (Review)
Review
There are extensive studies that confirm the harmful and strong influence of oxidative stress on the skin. The body's response to oxidative stress can vary depending on the type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and their metabolites, the duration of exposure to oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity at each tissue level. Numerous skin diseases and pathologies are associated with the excessive production and accumulation of free radicals. title altered Both categories have advantages and disadvantages in terms of skin structures, tolerability, therapeutic performance, ease of application or formulation and economic efficiency. The effect of long-term treatment with antioxidants is evaluated through studies investigating their protective effect and the improvement of some phenomena caused by oxidative stress. This article summarizes the available information on the presence of compounds used in dermatology to combat oxidative stress in the skin. It aims to provide an overview of all the considerations for choosing an antioxidant agent, the topics for further research and the answers sought in order to optimize therapeutic performance.
Topics: Antioxidants; Dermatology; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Free Radicals
PubMed: 38139345
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417517