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Current Microbiology Dec 2023Filamentous cyanobacteria are a promising source of biologically active secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer properties....
Filamentous cyanobacteria are a promising source of biologically active secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer properties. Previously, cyanobacteria isolated from fresh and marine water were studied extensively, but those isolated from brackish water were less investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activities as well as the potential antioxidant capacity of two cyanobacterial strains (Oscillatoria proteus and Oscillatoria sancta) obtained from Chilika Lake. The pigment and antioxidant was assayed using a spectrophotometer; antimicrobial activity was studied by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); and the presence of phytoconstituents was detected using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The solvents used for extraction were methanol, acetone and benzene. The experimental data indicates that the total phenolic and flavonoid content was highest in O. sancta (58.26 ± 0.72 µg/g, 38.45 ± 0.79 µg/g, respectively). Similarly, the methanol extract of O. sancta presented the maximum antioxidant potential in both DPPH (83.18 ± 0.57%) and ABTS (68.42 ± 1.40%) radicals. Besides, more reducing power was also recorded in methanol extract of O. sancta as compared to O. proteus. Further, higher enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) was observed in O. sancta. The antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal pathogens demonstrated better activity in O. sancta. In GC-MS analysis seven major chemical classes have been detected. Differential results was found in the two species of Oscillatoria; however, both have potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The findings have pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance.
Topics: Oscillatoria; Methanol; Antioxidants; Lakes; Plant Extracts; Anti-Infective Agents; Cyanobacteria
PubMed: 38133818
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03563-y -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Oct 2023The essential roles of thiol compounds as redox signaling mediators and protectors have been established. Recently, the roles of persulfides and polysulfides as... (Review)
Review
The essential roles of thiol compounds as redox signaling mediators and protectors have been established. Recently, the roles of persulfides and polysulfides as mediators involved in numerous physiological processes have been revealed. Recently, it became possible to detect and measure persulfides and polysulfides in human fluids and tissues and their physiological functions, including cellular signaling and protection against oxidative stress, have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms and dynamics remain elusive. Physiological functions of thiol compounds have been studied, focusing primarily on two-electron redox reactions. In contrast, the contribution of one-electron redox mechanisms, that is, free radical-mediated oxidation and antioxidation, has received much less attention. Considering the important effects of free radical-mediated oxidation of biological molecules on pathophysiology, the antioxidant functions of thiol compounds as free radical scavengers are challenging issues. The antioxidant actions and dynamics of thiols, hydropersulfides, and hydropolysulfides as free radical scavenging antioxidants and their physiological significance remain to be established. 39, 728-743.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Free Radicals
PubMed: 37154744
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0191 -
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of and . The predominant...
The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of and . The predominant components present in these crude extracts of test plants identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in both plant extracts were phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts of these plants against bacterial pathogens including sp., A and B, sp. , and were examined. Data demonstrated that the extracts of and exhibited significant antibacterial activity against and at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. aqueous extract displayed significant antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) free radicals at the concentration of 90 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher with than extract of . Evidence indicates that both plant extracts may possess significant pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.
Topics: Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37395392
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2231484 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Dec 2023Natural antioxidants are always considered as candidates for the antioxidative therapy of atherosclerosis (AS) due to their good safety profile. However, restricted to...
Natural antioxidants are always considered as candidates for the antioxidative therapy of atherosclerosis (AS) due to their good safety profile. However, restricted to their limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination and rapid metabolism, the natural antioxidants' treatment suffers from the undesirable clinical outcomes. Herein, a new natural antioxidant-based nanodrug (VC@cLAVs) that can overcome above issues is developed to treat AS by loading natural antioxidant vitamin C (VC) into the natural antioxidant lipoic acid (LA)-constructed cross-linked vesicles. This integration not only greatly increases the blood half-life of natural antioxidants, but also amplifies the antioxidation capacity by the mutual recycling of two redox pairs LA/DHLA (reduced form of LA) and VC/DHA (oxidized form of VC). In vivo results disclose that VC@cLAVs decreases the apolipoprotein E-deficient mice's plaque area from 52% to 13%, much lower than those of free VC (≈45%) and LA (≈38%). This natural antioxidant-based nanodrug holds great potential in clinics.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; Thioctic Acid; Oxidation-Reduction; Ascorbic Acid; Reactive Oxygen Species; Atherosclerosis; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37607320
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303459 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2023The scientific community continue to explore novel bioactive molecules by investigating natural origins; microalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered as a... (Review)
Review
The scientific community continue to explore novel bioactive molecules by investigating natural origins; microalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered as a sustainable resource to use in many fields. They present a high diversity in species and richness in terms of attractive bio-compounds. The aim of this review is to (1) provide first an overview of current issues related to oxidative stress, and propose a natural metabolite derived from eukaryotic and prokaryotic microalgae; 'polysaccharides' as a powerful antioxidant agent, then, (2) organize the available data on the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides derived from the main microalgal groups (red microalgae, green microalgae, and cyanobacteria) and especially highlighted the key species of each group (Porphyridium sp., Chlorella sp., and Arthrospira sp., respectively), meanwhile, (3) we described the chemical composition of polysaccharides from each class, and (4) we cite briefly the most factors affecting the antioxidant activity of these molecules. Finally, we explored the major challenges and gaps found to require more investigation.
Topics: Antioxidants; Microalgae; Chlorella; Polysaccharides; Porphyridium
PubMed: 38070019
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03738-y -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2024Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is an edible parasitic fungus with medicinal properties. Its bioactive polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various... (Review)
Review
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is an edible parasitic fungus with medicinal properties. Its bioactive polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various metabolic and biological activities, including antitumor, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. These properties make C. militaris-derived polysaccharides a promising candidate for future development. Recent advancements in microbial fermentation technology have enabled successful laboratory cultivation and extraction of these polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various biological activities, such as immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This review aims to summarize the structure and production mechanisms of polysaccharides from C. militaris, covering extraction methods, key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis, and fermentation factors that influence yield and activity. Furthermore, the future potential and challenges of utilizing polysaccharides in the development of health foods and pharmaceuticals are addressed. This review serves as a valuable reference in the fields of food and medicine, and provides a theoretical foundation for the study of polysaccharides.
Topics: Cordyceps; Antioxidants; Polysaccharides; Fermentation; Hypoglycemic Agents
PubMed: 38224811
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129336 -
Nutrients Jul 2023The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. The NRF2 gene has been... (Review)
Review
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. The NRF2 gene has been implicated in various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. NRF2 can be regulated genetically and epigenetically at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Although DNA methylation is one of the critical biological processes vital for gene expression, sometimes, anomalous methylation patterns result in the dysregulation of genes and consequent diseases and disorders. Several studies have reported promoter hypermethylation downregulated NRF2 expression and its downstream targets. In contrast to the unalterable nature of genetic patterns, epigenetic changes can be reversed, opening up new possibilities in developing therapies for various metabolic disorders and diseases. This review discusses the current state of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative and chemopreventive activities of several natural phytochemicals, including sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, luteolin, corosolic acid, apigenin, and most other compounds that have been found to activate NRF2. This epigenetic reversal of hypermethylated NRF2 states provides new opportunities for research into dietary phytochemistry that affects the human epigenome and the possibility for cutting-edge approaches to target NRF2-mediated signaling to prevent chronic disorders.
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Epigenesis, Genetic; Antioxidants; Chronic Disease; Polyphenols
PubMed: 37571283
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153347 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Nov 2023Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the... (Review)
Review
Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant activity of quercetin has been extensively reported, in particular, its impacts on glutathione, enzyme activity, signaling transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin has also been demonstrated to exert a striking antiinflammatory effect mainly by inhibiting the production of cytokines, reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and preserving the integrity of mast cells. By regulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are regarded as two critical processes involved in the defense and regular physiological operation of biological systems, quercetin has been validated to be effective in treating a variety of disorders. Symptoms of these reactions have been linked to degenerative processes and metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegeneration, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite that evidence demonstrates that antioxidants are employed to prevent excessive oxidative and inflammatory processes, there are still concerns regarding the expense, accessibility, and side effects of agents. Notably, natural products, especially those derived from plants, are widely accessible, affordable, and generally safe. In this review, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory abilities of the active ingredient quercetin and its application in oxidative stress-related disorders have been outlined in detail.
Topics: Humans; Quercetin; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 37491826
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7966 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Sappan wood () is a tropical hardwood tree found in Southeast Asia. Sappan wood contains a water-soluble compound, which imparts a red color named brazilin. Sappan wood... (Review)
Review
Sappan wood () is a tropical hardwood tree found in Southeast Asia. Sappan wood contains a water-soluble compound, which imparts a red color named brazilin. Sappan wood is utilized to produce dye for fabric and coloring agents for food and beverages, such as wine and meat. As a valuable medicinal plant, the tree is also known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It has been observed that sappan wood contains various bioactive compounds, including brazilin, brazilein, sappan chalcone, and protosappanin A. It has also been discovered that these substances have various health advantages; they lower inflammation, enhance blood circulation, and are anti-oxidative in nature. Sappan wood has been used as a medicine to address a range of illnesses, such as gastrointestinal problems, respiratory infections, and skin conditions. Studies have also suggested that sappan wood may have anticarcinogenic potential as it possesses cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Based on this, the present review emphasized the different medicinal properties, the role of phytochemicals, their health benefits, and several food and nonfood applications of sappan wood. Overall, sappan wood has demonstrated promising medicinal properties and is an important resource in traditional medicine. The present review has explored the potential role of sappan wood as an essential source of bioactive compounds for drug development.
Topics: Caesalpinia; Antioxidants; Beverages; Chalcone; Coloring Agents; Meat
PubMed: 37687076
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176247 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2023Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as it suppresses cell damage caused by external stimuli... (Review)
Review
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as it suppresses cell damage caused by external stimuli by regulating the transcription of intracellular defense-related genes. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the crucial role of reduction-oxidation (REDOX) imbalance in the development of bone-related diseases. Nrf2, a transcription factor linked to nuclear factor-erythrocyte 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative stress and induction of antioxidant defenses. Therefore, further investigation of the mechanism and function of Nrf2 in bone-related diseases is essential. Considerable evidence suggests that increased nuclear transcription of Nrf2 in response to external stimuli promotes the expression of intracellular antioxidant-related genes, which in turn leads to the inhibition of bone remodeling imbalance, improved fracture recovery, reduced occurrence of osteoarthritis, and greater tumor resistance. Certain natural extracts can selectively target Nrf2, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for osteogenic arthropathy. In this article, the biological characteristics of Nrf2 are reviewed, the intricate interplay between Nrf2-regulated REDOX imbalance and bone-related diseases is explored, and the potential preventive and protective effects of natural products targeting Nrf2 in these diseases are elucidated. A comprehensive understanding of the role of Nrf2 in the development of bone-related diseases provides valuable insights into clinical interventions and can facilitate the discovery of novel Nrf2-targeting drugs.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Bone Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37865995
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115748