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Mycopathologia Oct 2023Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophytosis in children. Due to many factors, the types of pathogenic fungi of tinea capitis vary all over the world, and the...
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophytosis in children. Due to many factors, the types of pathogenic fungi of tinea capitis vary all over the world, and the pathogenic fungi of tinea capitis may change over time even in the same region.
OBJECTIVES
To investigated the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic strains distribution of tinea capitis in children in Beijing and adjacent regions. Patients/Methods Through retrospective study and epidemiological analysis, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of tinea capitis in children in Beijing and adjacent regions over 15 years.
RESULTS
A total of 1739 children with tinea capitis were retrospectively investigated from January 2006 to December 2020, including 1100 boys and 639 girls. A total of 67.4% of tinea capitis patients were between 1 and 5 years of age. A decreasing trend in tinea capitis was observed before 2009, while for the following 12 years, the incidence rate of tinea capitis fluctuated little. Zoophilic isolates (primarily Microsporum canis) were responsible for 88.4% of tinea capitis. Males are at greater risk for M. canis infection (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION
Zoophilic species were responsible for approximately nine-tenth of the tinea capitis cases. The incidence of tinea capitis decreased before 2009.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Retrospective Studies; Beijing; Tinea Capitis; Microsporum; China; Incidence; Trichophyton
PubMed: 35980497
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00649-2 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Eyebrows; Microsporum; Tinea; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 36310333
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00681-2 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2023Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children, but it is rare in newborns. We report a case of a 3-week-old infant presenting with scalp annular erythema. She...
Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children, but it is rare in newborns. We report a case of a 3-week-old infant presenting with scalp annular erythema. She had a history of wearing a woolen hat one week before the disease onset. Wood's lamp and dermoscopic findings favoured the diagnosis of tinea capitis. Further examinations of her scalp, including direct KOH examination and fungal culture confirmed the diagnosis of tinea capitis caused by treatment with oral griseofulvin was effective. Neonatal tinea capitis is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and atypical presentation. A thorough history (including the contacting history of clothes made of animal fur), physical examination and further mycological examinations are required for diagnosis. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and fluconazole have been reported to be effective drugs for the treatment of children tinea capitis. Liver enzymes should be regularly monitored during the period of using antifungal agents.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child; Infant; Female; Griseofulvin; Wool Fiber; Tinea Capitis; Antifungal Agents; Microsporum
PubMed: 36646941
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00699-6 -
Veterinary World Mar 2024Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of catnip essential oil and assay its antimicrobial activity against , , , , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Catnip essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution and time-kill tests. To evaluate the effect of catnip essential oil on microbial morphology and cell membrane integrity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage studies were conducted.
RESULTS
GC-MS analysis revealed that the principal components of catnip essential oil were - and -nepetalactone (57.09% of peak area), --nepetalactone (39.69% of peak area), -caryophyllene (1.88% of peak area), and caryophyllene oxide (1.34% of peak area). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration values determined by broth microdilution ranged from 0.0625 mg/mL to 4.0 mg/mL. Time-kill testing showed that the germicidal effects of catnip essential oil were time and concentration-dependent, respectively. Environmental SEM and cell leakage analysis indicated that catnip essential oil disrupted the integrity of cell membranes in the tested microorganisms.
CONCLUSION
Catnip essential oil has potential as an alternative antimicrobial against a wide range of canine skin infection pathogens, including , and .
PubMed: 38680153
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.585-592 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023(Bodin, 1902) is a dermatophyte, which is widely represented in the developing and the developed world alike. Commonly transmitted from domestic animals it is...
BACKGROUND
(Bodin, 1902) is a dermatophyte, which is widely represented in the developing and the developed world alike. Commonly transmitted from domestic animals it is particularly dangerous for immunosuppressed patients due to AIDS, cancer or transplant surgery. Search for new perspective antimycotic derivatives becomes an urgent task in the disease containment. Previously, several quinolinium analogs were screened for their antibacterial activity () by our research team. Furthermore, some phenylbenzoquinaldinium derivatives have shown antifungal activity against and .
AIMS
In this study, we sought to investigate fungicidal properties of arylbenzoquinaldinium derivatives against a clinical strain of for future medicinal applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium salts were prepared by a variation of the previously described technique and tested against a clinical strain of the fungus of harvested from pathogenic material of a patient (Perm, Russia, 2014).
RESULTS
phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium tetrafluoroborate has shown antifungal activity par to (or exceeding) that of commercially available medication. Moreover, this benzoquinaldinium analog can be potentially labelled with tritium by our nuclear-chemical method, making it amenable for the sensitive pharmacokinetic studies.
CONCLUSIONS
-phenyl-[f]-benzoquinaldinium tetrafluoroborate has been shown as a promising compound for the further development of potent antifungal agents as well as radiotracers for further elucidation of biological pathways of antifungal activity.
PubMed: 37822376
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_261_16 -
Acta Tropica Jul 2024The surge in domestic cat adoption across India, particularly the rising preference for high-pedigree cats, coupled with environmental factors, has resulted in increased...
The surge in domestic cat adoption across India, particularly the rising preference for high-pedigree cats, coupled with environmental factors, has resulted in increased incidence of dermatophytosis among feline companions. Despite this growing concern, there is a noticeable scarcity of studies in India delving into the etiological factors contributing to dermatophytosis in cats. This disease is a threat to animal health and carries public health significance, given that cats are recognized reservoir hosts for Microsporum canis, a common dermatophyte affecting humans and animals. This study endeavours to identify the dermatophytes affecting cats and establish a standardized therapeutic regimen while accounting for the local stigma surrounding the regular bathing of cats. The study involved the examination of 82 cats presenting dermatological lesions, when subjected to cultural examination in dermatophyte test medium revealed 36 afflicted with dermatophytes. Isolates were presumptively identified by staining using lactophenol cotton blue, Chicago sky blue 6B, and Calcofluor white stains. Molecular-level identification of the isolates was confirmed through PCR-RFLP, amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence of 16 s rDNA, followed by restriction digestion using the Mva1 enzyme. Among the thirty-six isolates, 29 were identified as M. canis, while the remaining 7 were M. gypseum. The cases were categorized into five groups and treated with Lime Sulphur dip, 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo, a shampoo containing 2 % miconazole and 4 % chlorhexidine, oral itraconazole alone, and a combination of oral itraconazole with lime-Sulphur dip. Statistical analysis revealed that the response was notably swifter with lime Sulphur dip when considering only topical therapy. Moreover, the mycological cure was most expeditious when combining Lime Sulphur dip with oral itraconazole. These findings underscore the pivotal role of topical biocides in feline dermatophytosis treatment, potentially reducing the reliance on specific antifungals and thereby contributing to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance emergence.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Cat Diseases; India; Tinea; Antifungal Agents; Microsporum; Male; Female; Arthrodermataceae; Itraconazole; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
PubMed: 38723739
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107237 -
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2024Staphylococcus spp and Microsporum canis are zoonotic microorganisms which can cause infections and systemic diseases. The bone infection is usually caused by invasion...
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus spp and Microsporum canis are zoonotic microorganisms which can cause infections and systemic diseases. The bone infection is usually caused by invasion of pathogen through the hematologic route. Mixed osteomyelitis caused by bacteria and fungi is rare, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis.
CASE PRESENTATION
This essay reports an atypical presentation of mixed osteomyelitis (Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis) in a domestic cat. A 15-month-old female Persian cat was presented to a veterinary service; the main complaint was the appearance of a nodule in the mandibular ventral rostral region. A radiographic exam performed on the animal showed proliferative and osteolytic bone lesions. The patient was submitted to a biopsy for histopathological evaluation, along with bacterial and fungal cultures. Results showed mixed osteomyelitis by Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. Microbial Sensitivity Test was performed to choose a more suitable treatment. Two surgical procedures were executed to resect and curette the lesion, and treatments with anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antifungal drugs were established, showing a positive clinical evolution. After 8 months of treatment, the patient's owner moved to a different city, and the animal was seen by other veterinarians, who followed along with the same treatment. However, due to complications and a diminishing quality of life over 4 years of diagnosis, the patient was euthanized.
CONCLUSION
Given the above, mixed osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and can cause losses of life quality resulting death, especially in infections where M. canis is the agent causing the disease. Bacterial osteomyelitis is more frequently reported. But the lack of investigation of microorganisms other than bacteria, such as fungal cases, may imply in underdiagnosed cases. Treatment of osteomyelitis can be difficult considering the difficulties in isolating the pathological agent, resistance to the drug used, prolonged treatment time, and cost.
Topics: Cats; Female; Animals; Dermatomycoses; Quality of Life; Antifungal Agents; Osteomyelitis; Cat Diseases; Microsporum
PubMed: 38374006
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03904-4 -
Annals of Dermatology Nov 2023Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin that primarily occurs in prepubertal children. remains the most common pathogen causing...
Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin that primarily occurs in prepubertal children. remains the most common pathogen causing tinea capitis in Asian countries, including South Korea, although the causative organism of this condition varies across geographical regions and time periods. Systemic antifungal agents are the mainstay treatments for tinea capitis; however, the therapeutic responses to antifungal drugs may vary depending on the causative species, and treatment failure may occur owing to drug resistance. Although dermatophytosis resistant to clinical treatment have been increasingly encountered, recalcitrant tinea capitis cases have rarely been reported. Herein, we report three cases of tinea capitis caused by in children. All three patients showed unsatisfactory clinical responses to prolonged courses of oral terbinafine or itraconazole without achieving mycological cure; however, they were successfully treated with oral griseofulvin. Although griseofulvin is not currently available or licensed for use in many countries, including South Korea, it is one of the most effective agents against species and remains the most widely used first-line treatment for tinea capitis in children, based on dermatology textbooks and reliable treatment guidelines.
PubMed: 38061714
DOI: 10.5021/ad.21.254 -
Mycoses Dec 2023Tinea capitis (TC), a fungal infection that occurs in children, is primarily caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton and Microsporum species. For Trichophyton...
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis (TC), a fungal infection that occurs in children, is primarily caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton and Microsporum species. For Trichophyton species, treatment with terbinafine is considered more effective than griseofulvin treatment. Specific populations, such as refugee children, are more susceptible to TC.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to describe and compare the response to treatment among Israeli and refugee children with TC.
PATIENTS/METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed data collected on refugee and Israeli children with TC between January 2004 and January 2020.
RESULTS
Overall, 3358 children with TC (refugees: 1497; Israelis: 1861) were identified. Among these, 86% of the refugee children had TC caused by Trichophyton violaceum, 65% of the Israeli children had TC caused by Microsporum canis and 83% of all children were treated with griseofulvin. Overall, 14% of the refugees showed a partial response to a griseofulvin dose of ≤25 mg/kg/day; however, they showed a complete response upon increasing the dose to ≥30 mg/kg/day. No significant adverse effects were observed.
CONCLUSION
The over-crowded day care centres and dense living make refugee children more susceptible to TC than the general population, and griseofulvin dosage adjustment is necessary. TC, due to Trichophyton species, could benefit from receiving an increased dose of griseofulvin in a suspension form, which is cheaper than terbinafine.
Topics: Humans; Child; Griseofulvin; Terbinafine; Antifungal Agents; Israel; Refugees; Retrospective Studies; Naphthalenes; Tinea Capitis; Microsporum; Trichophyton
PubMed: 37620517
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13651 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Jan 2024Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability...
Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. We investigated a critical adhesion protein, subtilisin 3, utilized by Microsporum canis during initial stages of infection, analyzing its production and expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, as this protein must be expressed and produced for dermatophyte infections to occur, we developed and optimized a diagnostic antibody assay targeting this protein. Subtilisin 3 levels were increased in culture when grown in baffled flasks and supplemented with either l-cysteine or cat hair. As subtilisin 3 was also produced in cultures not supplemented with keratin or cysteine, this study demonstrated that subtilisin 3 production is not reliant on the presence of keratin or its derivatives. These findings could help direct future metabolic studies of dermatophytes, particularly during the adherence phase of infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Subtilisin; Dermatomycoses; Keratins; Microsporum
PubMed: 37551993
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300125