-
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Apr 2024Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis, which is more common in children. It is caused by dermatophytes that vary according to the region; the most frequently isolated...
Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis, which is more common in children. It is caused by dermatophytes that vary according to the region; the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in our setting is Microsporum canis. Given its anthropophilic nature, its dissemination via interpersonal transmission and through the use of hair care tools is very common. In the course of the past year, an increase has been reported in the incidence of a pathogen that was very rare in our setting: Trichophyton tonsurans. Here we describe a retrospective study of cases of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans identified between September 2021 and March 2023 in the Department of Pediatric Dermatology at a general hospital of the City of Buenos Aires.
PubMed: 38608007
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2023-10254.eng -
Cureus Apr 2024Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%....
Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%. KC is the inflammatory variety of tinea capitis (TC), with the most common causative agents being and We present the clinical case of a six-year-old male diagnosed with KC. Direct examination stained with chlorazol black and cultures were performed, yielding negative results. Histopathological study revealed spores and short hyphae within and surrounding the hair shaft. Treatment with itraconazole was initiated based on suspicion of spp. from the trichoscopy findings. We propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for kerion celsi.
PubMed: 38765450
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58475 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jan 2024Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused...
INTRODUCTION
Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused the attention of researchers to be directed towards the use of nanoparticles and new alternatives for treatment. This study investigated the antifungal effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on clinical isolates of M. canis in dogs and cats and subtilisin 1 (SUB1) gene expression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the wet chemical method at a concentration of 4000 ppm. Its antifungal potential was evaluated at concentrations of 62.5-4000 ppm by disk diffusion and microdilution methods against 10 isolates of M. canis. The effect of this product on SUB1 gene expression was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR method.
RESULTS
The results of the disk diffusion test showed that the highest inhibitory diameter was at the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (34 mm), and the inhibitory zone was observed in dilutions up to 250 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles was between 250 and 500 ppm, and the minimum fungicidal concentration was between 500 and 1000 ppm. There was a significant reduction in SUB1 gene expression in sub-MIC concentration (125-250 ppm) (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that ZnO nanoparticles have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on M. canis. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles could decrease the expression of SUB1, an enzyme involved in fungi adhesion to the epidermis. Nevertheless, more studies must be done in the future to determine the possible side effects and safety of ZnO nanoparticles along with their efficacy in vivo.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Dogs; Antifungal Agents; Zinc Oxide; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Nanoparticles; Microsporum
PubMed: 37904671
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1316 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2024The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms in host tissues confers physical and biochemical resistance to antifungal drugs. Therefore, research to find new...
BACKGROUND
The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms in host tissues confers physical and biochemical resistance to antifungal drugs. Therefore, research to find new compounds against dermatophyte biofilm is crucial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the antifungal activity of riparin II (RIP2), nor-riparin II (NOR2) and dinor-riparin II (DINOR2) against Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Nannizzia gypsea strains.
METHODS
Initially, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of benzamides. We evaluated the inhibitory effects on the development of dermatophyte biofilms using in vitro and ex vivo models. Finally, we built three-dimensional models of the sulphite pump Ssu1 to investigate the interactions with the benzamides by molecular docking.
RESULTS
RIP2 showed a broad spectrum of activity against T. rubrum, M. canis and N. gypsea, whereas NOR2 and DINOR2 were more selective. Furthermore, the shortening of the carbon chain from RIP2 benzamide to NOR2 and DINOR2 homologs caused a decrease in the MIC values. The benzamides reduced biofilm production and viability in vitro (P < 0.05) at MIC. This result was similar ex vivo in human nail fragments tests, but NOR2 and DINOR2 showed significant results at 2xMIC (P < 0.05). We constructed a model of the Ssu1 protein for each dermatophyte with high similarity. Molecular docking showed that the benzamides obtained higher binding energy values than ciclopirox.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows the antibiofilm potential for riparin II-type benzamides as new drugs targeting dermatophytes by inhibiting the Ssu1 protein.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Molecular Docking Simulation; Benzamides; Biofilms; Tyramine
PubMed: 38297992
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae013 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to...
BACKGROUND
T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to humans (). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of (), fruit extract against dermatophytes, particularly , both and . Additionally, we aimed to identify the active compounds responsible for suppressing fungal growth and assess the toxicity of on human cells.
METHODOLOGY
It conducted in two parts. First, Study include the preparation of fruit extract using methanol as the solvent, Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract including Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted, Cytotoxicity assays were performed using HUH-7 cells, employing the MTT assay (1-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), Antimicrobial activity against was evaluated, including: Zone of inhibition (ZI), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), cell alterations were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Second, , Albino Wistar male rats were included.
RESULTS
The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract from papaya revealed several functional groups, including hydroxyl, ammonia, alkane, carbonate, and alcohol. Additionally, the GC-MS analysis identified 15 compounds, with xanthosine and decanoic acid being the predominant components. The methanolic extract of papaya fruits demonstrated potent antifungal activity: ZI = 37 mm, MIC = 1,000 μg/mL, MFC = 1900 μg/mL, MTT results indicated lower cytotoxicity of the fruit extract at concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL, The IC50 revealed a significant decrease in cell viability with increasing extract concentration. Notably, papaya extract induced considerable alterations in the morphology of hyphae and spores. In animal tissue, improvements were observed among the group of rats which treated with Papaya extract. This study highlights the potential of fruits as a natural antifungal agent, warranting further exploration for clinical applications.
PubMed: 38803379
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399671 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Apr 2024
PubMed: 38533930
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470023 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2024Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection caused by dermatophytes in children, but it is rare in infants. Although oral itraconazole has been widely used to treat tinea...
Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection caused by dermatophytes in children, but it is rare in infants. Although oral itraconazole has been widely used to treat tinea capitis, its use in infants is limited due to its low prevalence in this age group. A previous study reported the effectiveness of itraconazole continuous therapy in treating infantile tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. However, this approach has not been extended to tinea capitis caused by other fungi. In this study, we present four cases of infantile tinea capitis treated with continuous itraconazole oral solution therapy (5 mg/kg/day). Two patients were infected with M. canis, one patient with Nannizzia gypsea, and another with Trichophyton tonsurans. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution continuous therapy, expanding our understanding by demonstrating its effectiveness for infantile tinea capitis caused by T. tonsurans and N. gypsea.
Topics: Humans; Itraconazole; Tinea Capitis; Antifungal Agents; Infant; Male; Female; Administration, Oral; Microsporum; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38531098
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0741 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024Tinea capitis, a common cutaneous fungal infection, shows an increasing prevalence with the increasing number of pets. We present tinea capitis in a 4-year-old girl...
Tinea capitis, a common cutaneous fungal infection, shows an increasing prevalence with the increasing number of pets. We present tinea capitis in a 4-year-old girl presenting without typical symptoms such as alopecia or hair breakage. After a comprehensive evaluation including dermoscopy, Wood's light, direct KOH fluorescent staining, scanning electron microscopy, fungal culture and mass spectrometry analysis, a diagnosis of tinea capitis infected Microsporum canis carried by domestic cats was made. We preliminarily explored the two modes of hair erosion by tinea capitis fungi and analyzed the possibility of the feature in this case. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention in cases of paediatric tinea capitis, particularly in households with resident pets.
PubMed: 38433782
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S451200 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2024The objective of this study was to identify the major compounds present in Cedar tar obtained by distillation of Cedrus atlantica wood from the Taza forest (Morocco) and...
The objective of this study was to identify the major compounds present in Cedar tar obtained by distillation of Cedrus atlantica wood from the Taza forest (Morocco) and to evaluate its antidermatophytic activity in vitro against the three strains of dermatophytes most widespread in Morocco, considered the main prevailing causes of fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails. GC/MS analysis revealed that cedar tar is composed mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with nine major compounds identified, including α-Cedrene, β-Cadinene, γ-Cadinene, β-Himachelene, α-Turmerone, β-Turmerone, Ar-tumerone, α-Atlantone and Himachalol. The evaluation of antifungal activity was carried out by the micro dilution technique. The MIC values found were 100µg/mL, 2µg/mL and 0.1µg/mL on Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis strains respectively. The observed strong antifungal activity of cedar tar is attributed to the prevalence of oxygenated and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, known for their established antidermatophytic properties. This study highlights the potential of the Atlas Cedar tar as an effective antifungal agent for the treatment of superficial mycoses, particularly dermatophytoses.
Topics: Microsporum; Antifungal Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Arthrodermataceae; Cedrus; Sesquiterpenes; Plant Extracts; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Phytochemicals; Morocco
PubMed: 38767092
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Apr 2024Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea...
Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea capitis in the Central Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology at the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (UHC) in Rabat. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted over 25 years (from 1997 to 2021). It included 247 patients with lesions suggestive of tinea capitis, who underwent a mycological examination. Results Among 594 requests for the diagnosis of tinea capitis, 247 cases were positive. A clear predominance of children (86.23%; n=213) as compared to adults (13.77%; n=34) was observed. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.77. Hair parasitism was mainly dominated by the pure endothrix type 54.47% (n=122). The two most frequently isolated species were (51.24%; n=125) and (36.06%; n=88). In children, these two species represented 47.42% (n=101) and 41.31% (n=88), respectively. In adults, was the predominant species, accounting for 77.42% (n=24); in females, it was 76.41% (n=68); and was predominant in males (50.32%; n=78). Conclusion The epidemiology of this condition is in a constant state of flux, influenced by various lifestyle factors. Our research unveiled a notable upward trend in zoophilic species over the 25-year study period, while conversely, anthropophilic species demonstrated a discernible decline.
PubMed: 38725768
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57885