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Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Developing the Co-based catalysts with high reactivity for the sulfate radical (SO·)-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) has been attracting numerous...
Developing the Co-based catalysts with high reactivity for the sulfate radical (SO·)-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) has been attracting numerous attentions. To improve the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process, a novel Co-based catalyst simultaneously modified by bamboo carbon (BC) and vanadium (V@CoO-BC) was fabricated through a simple solvothermal method. The atenolol (ATL) degradation experiments in V@CoO-BC/PMS system showed that the obtained V@CoO-BC exhibited much higher performance on PMS activation than pure CoO, and the V@CoO-BC/PMS system could fully degrade ATL within 5 min via the destruction of both radicals (SO· and O·) and non-radicals (O). The quenching experiments and electrochemical tests revealed that the enhancing mechanism of bamboo carbon and V modification involved four aspects: (i) promoting the PMS and Co ion adsorption on the surface of V@CoO-BC; (ii) enhancing the electron transfer efficiency between V@CoO-BC and PMS; (iii) activating PMS with V species; (iv) accelerating the circulation of Co and Co, leading to the enhanced yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the V@CoO-BC/PMS system also exhibited satisfactory stability under broad pH (3-9) and good efficiency in the presence of co-existing components (HCO, NO, Cl, and HA) in water. This study provides new insights to designing high-performance, environment-friendly bimetal catalysts and some basis for the remediation of antibiotic contaminants with SR-AOPs.
Topics: Atenolol; Catalysis; Carbon; Peroxides; Vanadium; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38753235
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33657-4 -
Environmental Science & Technology Mar 2024Sidestream serves as an important reservoir collecting pharmaceuticals from sludge. However, the knowledge on sidestream pharmaceutical removal is still insufficient. In...
Sidestream serves as an important reservoir collecting pharmaceuticals from sludge. However, the knowledge on sidestream pharmaceutical removal is still insufficient. In this work, atenolol biodegradation during sidestream partial nitritation (PN) processes characterized by high free nitrous acid (FNA) accumulation was modeled. To describe the FNA inhibition on ammonia oxidation and atenolol removal, Vadivelu-type and Hellinga-type inhibition kinetics were introduced into the model framework. Four inhibitory parameters along with four biodegradation kinetic parameters were calibrated and validated separately with eight sets of batch experimental data and 60 days' PN reactor operational data. The developed model could accurately reproduce the dynamics of nitrogen and atenolol. The model prediction further revealed that atenolol biodegradation efficiencies by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-induced cometabolism, AOB-induced metabolism, and heterotrophic bacteria-induced biodegradation were 0, ∼ 60, and ∼35% in the absence of ammonium and FNA; ∼ 14, ∼ 29, and ∼28% at 0.03 mg-N L FNA; and 7, 15, and 5% at 0.19 mg-N L FNA. Model simulation showed that the nitritation efficiency of ∼99% and atenolol removal efficiency of 57.5% in the PN process could be achieved simultaneously by controlling pH at 8.5, while 89.2% total nitrogen and 57.1% atenolol were removed to the maximum at pH of 7.0 in PN coupling with the anammox process. The pH-based operational strategy to regulate FNA levels was mathematically demonstrated to be effective for achieving the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and atenolol in PN-based sidestream processes.
Topics: Nitrous Acid; Atenolol; Ammonia; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Bioreactors; Ammonium Compounds; Sewage; Nitrites
PubMed: 38358933
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10107 -
Clinical Pharmacology in Drug... May 2024Atenolol, a cardioselective β1-blocker, exhibits efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases. We conducted a single-center, randomized, open, single-dose,...
Atenolol, a cardioselective β1-blocker, exhibits efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases. We conducted a single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, 2-preparation, 2-cycle, 2-sequence, double-crossover trial with a 7-day washout period to investigate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence (BE), and safety of test and reference atenolol tablets (25 mg) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Forty-eight healthy participants were randomized into the fasting and fed arms. After administering a single oral dose of the test or reference formulation (25 mg), plasma atenolol concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from concentration-time profiles. In total, 23 and 24 individuals were included in the fasting and fed arms, respectively. The mean concentration-time profiles for both formulations were similar, and C, AUC, and AUC were within the BE range of 80%-125%. Thirteen adverse events (AEs) were observed in 7 participants in the fasting arm; 1 withdrew from the trial early owing to an AE. In the fed arm, 20 AEs were observed in 8 participants, and none withdrew from the trial. All adverse reactions were grade I, with no serious AEs or deaths. Therefore, the 2 tablets are bioequivalent in healthy Chinese individuals under fasting and fed conditions, supporting their further clinical development.
PubMed: 38742472
DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1414 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2023Although reduced life expectancy in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients has been related to severe cardiac arrhythmias due to autonomic dysfunctions, its molecular...
AIMS
Although reduced life expectancy in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients has been related to severe cardiac arrhythmias due to autonomic dysfunctions, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the role of cardiac β-Adrenergic (βAR) and A-Adenosine (AR) receptors in these dysfunctions, the pharmacological effects of stimulation of cardiac βAR (isoproterenol, ISO), in the absence and presence of cardiac βAR (atenolol, AT) or AR (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine, DPCPX) blockade, on the arrhythmias induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion (CIR) in an animal PD model were studied.
METHODS
PD was produced by dopaminergic lesions (confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis) caused by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 6 μg) in rat striatum. CIR was produced by a surgical interruption for 10 min followed by reestablishment of blood circulation in the descendent left coronary artery. On the incidence of CIR-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias (VA), Atrioventricular Block (AVB), and Lethality (LET), evaluated by Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, the effects of intravenous treatment with ISO, AT and DPCPX (before CIR) were studied.
RESULTS
VA, AVB and LET incidences were significantly higher in 6-OHDA (83%, 92%, 100%, respectively) than in control rats (58%, 67% and 67%, respectively). ISO treatment significantly reduced these incidences in 6-OHDA (33%, 33% and 42%, respectively) and control rats (25%, 25%, 33%, respectively), indicating that stimulation of cardiac βAR induced cardioprotection. This response was prevented by pretreatment with AT and DPCPX, confirming the involvement of cardiac βAR and AR.
CONCLUSION
Pharmacological modulation of cardiac βAR and AR could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce severe arrhythmias and increase life expectancy in PD patients.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Adrenergic Agents; Parkinson Disease; Oxidopamine; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Receptors, Purinergic P1
PubMed: 37459671
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100243 -
Membranes Aug 2023The present work investigates nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) for the removal of three widely used pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), namely...
Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds from Water: The Effect of Operating Pressure on Electrostatic Solute-Membrane Interactions.
The present work investigates nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) for the removal of three widely used pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), namely atenolol, sulfamethoxazole, and rosuvastatin. Four membranes, two polyamide NF membranes (NF90 and NF270) and two polyethersulfone UF membranes (XT and ST), were evaluated in terms of productivity (permeate flux) and selectivity (rejection of PhACs) at pressures from 2 to 8 bar. Although the UF membranes have a much higher molecular weight cut-off (1000 and 10,000 Da), when compared to the molecular weight of the PhACs (253-482 Da), moderate rejections were observed. For UF, rejections were dependent on the molecular weight and charge of the PhACs, membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), and operating pressure, demonstrating that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the removal of PhACs, especially at low operating pressures. On the other hand, both NF membranes displayed high rejections for all PhACs studied (75-98%). Hence, considering the optimal operating conditions, the NF270 membrane (MWCO = 400 Da) presented the best performance, achieving permeate fluxes of about 100 kg h m and rejections above 80% at a pressure of 8 bar, that is, a productivity of about twice that of the NF90 membrane (MWCO = 200 Da). Therefore, NF270 was the most suitable membrane for this application, although the tight UF membranes under low operating pressures displayed satisfactory results.
PubMed: 37623804
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080743 -
Nanotechnology Oct 2023The paper critically addresses two contemporary environmental challenges, the water crisis and the unrestricted discharge of organic pollutants in waterways together. An...
The paper critically addresses two contemporary environmental challenges, the water crisis and the unrestricted discharge of organic pollutants in waterways together. An eco-friendly method was used to fabricate a cellulose/g-CN/TiOphotocatalytic composite that displayed a remarkable degradation of methylene blue dye and atenolol drug under natural sunlight. Introducing graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) onto pristine TiOimproved hybrid material's photonic efficacy and enhanced interfacial charge separation. Furthermore, immobilizing TiO/g-CNon a semi-interpenetrating cellulose matrix promoted photocatalyst recovery and its reuse, ensuring practical affordability. Under optimized conditions, the nano-photocatalyst exhibited ∼95% degradation of both contaminants within two hours while retaining ∼55% activity after ten cycles demonstrating a promising photostability. The nano-photocatalyst caused 66% and 57% reduction in COD and TOC values in industrial wastewater containing these pollutants. The photocatalysis was fitted to various models to elucidate the degradation kinetics, while LC-MS results suggested the mineralization pathway of dye majorly via ring opening demethylation. >98% disinfection was achieved against(10-10CFU·ml) contaminated water. This study thus paves multifaceted strategies to treat wastewater contaminants at environmental levels employing nano-photocatalysis.
PubMed: 37708885
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf9ad -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Sep 2023High-dose insulin therapy is used in patients with calcium channel blocker and beta-adrenergic antagonist overdoses. The pharmacokinetics of insulin are scantly reported...
INTRODUCTION
High-dose insulin therapy is used in patients with calcium channel blocker and beta-adrenergic antagonist overdoses. The pharmacokinetics of insulin are scantly reported following high-dose insulin therapy. We present two cases of persistently elevated insulin concentrations following high-dose insulin therapy.
CASE REPORTS
A 50-year-old woman and a 45-year-old man experienced hypotension after overdosing on amlodipine and atenolol. They were treated with high-dose insulin therapy for 54 hours at 2 units/kilogram/hour and 48 hours at 10 units/kilogram/hour, respectively. Following termination, serum insulin elimination was studied. Insulin concentrations remained greater than 1,000 µU/mL (fasting reference 2.6-24.9 µU/mL) for longer than 4 hours (case 1) and 11 hours (case 2) and greater than 300 µU/mL for longer than 8 hours and 21 hours, respectively. Insulin concentrations decreased with apparent first-order elimination half-lives of 13.0 hours and 6.0 hours.
DISCUSSION
Following high-dose insulin therapy, insulin concentrations remained elevated for longer than expected based on normal pharmacokinetics in therapeutic dosing. Three previous cases reported insulin half-lives of between 2.2 hours and 18.7 hours. The current cases add to the existing data that insulin has a variable but prolonged half-life following high-dose insulin therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that patients are at prolonged risk of hypoglycemia following cessation of high-dose insulin infusions.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Insulin; Calcium Channel Blockers; Hypoglycemia; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Hypotension; Drug Overdose
PubMed: 37873673
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2268266 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Although patients would rather oral therapies to injections, the gastrointestinal tract's low permeability makes this method limiting for most compounds, including...
Although patients would rather oral therapies to injections, the gastrointestinal tract's low permeability makes this method limiting for most compounds, including anticancer drugs. Due to their low bioavailability, oral antitumor therapies suffer from significant variability in pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The improvement of their pharmacokinetic profiles can be achieved by a new approach: the use of natural extracts enriched with polyphenolic compounds that act as intestinal permeability enhancers. Here, we propose a safe sweet cherry extract capable of enhancing oral absorption. The extract was characterized by the HPLC-UV/MS method, evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, safety on the Caco-2 cell line, and as a potential permeation enhancer. The sweet cherry extract showed a high antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays were 211.74 and 48.65 µmol of Trolox equivalent/g dried extract, respectively), high content of polyphenols (8.44 mg of gallic acid per gram of dry extract), and anthocyanins (1.80 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per g of dry extract), reassuring safety profile (cell viability never lower than 98%), and a significant and fully reversible ability to alter the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer (+81.5% of Lucifer yellow permeability after 2 h). Furthermore, the ability of the sweet cherry extract to improve the permeability (P) and modify the efflux ratio (ER) of reference compounds (atenolol, propranolol, and dasatinib) and selected pyrazolo[3,4-]pyrimidine derivatives was investigated. The obtained results show a significant increase in apparent permeability across the Caco-2 monolayer (tripled and quadrupled in most cases), and an interesting decrease in efflux ratio when compounds were co-incubated with sweet cherry extract.
PubMed: 38004393
DOI: 10.3390/ph16111527 -
The ISME Journal Jan 2024Organic pollutants are an increasing threat for wildlife and humans. Managing their removal is however complicated by the difficulties in predicting degradation rates....
Organic pollutants are an increasing threat for wildlife and humans. Managing their removal is however complicated by the difficulties in predicting degradation rates. In this work, we demonstrate that the complexity of the pollutant profile, the set of co-existing contaminants, is a major driver of biodegradation in wastewater. We built representative assemblages out of one to five common pharmaceuticals (caffeine, atenolol, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and enalapril) selected along a gradient of biodegradability. We followed their individual removal by wastewater microbial communities. The presence of multichemical background pollution was essential for the removal of recalcitrant molecules such as ibuprofen. High-order interactions between multiple pollutants drove removal efficiency. We explain these interactions by shifts in the microbiome, with degradable molecules such as paracetamol enriching species and pathways involved in the removal of several organic pollutants. We conclude that pollutants should be treated as part of a complex system, with emerging pollutants potentially showing cascading effects and offering leverage to promote bioremediation.
Topics: Humans; Wastewater; Environmental Pollutants; Ibuprofen; Acetaminophen; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38423526
DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae033 -
Association of sotalol versus atenolol therapy with survival in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis.Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the... Aug 2023Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES
Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor (β)-blockers; however, the effect of other antiarrhythmic drugs on survival is unknown. Sotalol is both a β-blocker and a class III antiarrhythmic drug; the combination of these differing mechanisms may provide benefit to dogs with severe SAS. The primary objective of this study was to compare survival in dogs with severe SAS that were treated with either sotalol or atenolol. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of pressure gradient (PG), age, breed, and aortic regurgitation on survival.
ANIMALS
Forty-three client-owned dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with severe SAS (PG ≥ 80 mmHg) between 2003 and 2020 were reviewed.
RESULTS
No statistical difference was identified in survival time between dogs treated with sotalol (n=14) and those treated with atenolol (n=29) when evaluating all-cause mortality (p=0.172) or cardiac-related mortality (p=0.157). Of the dogs that died suddenly, survival time was significantly shorter in dogs treated with sotalol compared to those treated with atenolol (p=0.046). Multivariable analysis showed that PG (p=0.002) and treatment with sotalol (p=0.050) negatively influenced survival in the dogs that died suddenly.
CONCLUSIONS
Sotalol did not have a significant effect on survival overall but may increase the risk of sudden death in dogs with severe SAS compared to atenolol.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Sotalol; Atenolol; Constriction, Pathologic; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37307692
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.05.003