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Association of sotalol versus atenolol therapy with survival in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis.Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the... Aug 2023Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES
Dogs with severe subaortic stenosis (SAS) are at risk of dying suddenly from fatal arrhythmias. Survival is not improved when treated with pure beta-adrenergic receptor (β)-blockers; however, the effect of other antiarrhythmic drugs on survival is unknown. Sotalol is both a β-blocker and a class III antiarrhythmic drug; the combination of these differing mechanisms may provide benefit to dogs with severe SAS. The primary objective of this study was to compare survival in dogs with severe SAS that were treated with either sotalol or atenolol. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of pressure gradient (PG), age, breed, and aortic regurgitation on survival.
ANIMALS
Forty-three client-owned dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with severe SAS (PG ≥ 80 mmHg) between 2003 and 2020 were reviewed.
RESULTS
No statistical difference was identified in survival time between dogs treated with sotalol (n=14) and those treated with atenolol (n=29) when evaluating all-cause mortality (p=0.172) or cardiac-related mortality (p=0.157). Of the dogs that died suddenly, survival time was significantly shorter in dogs treated with sotalol compared to those treated with atenolol (p=0.046). Multivariable analysis showed that PG (p=0.002) and treatment with sotalol (p=0.050) negatively influenced survival in the dogs that died suddenly.
CONCLUSIONS
Sotalol did not have a significant effect on survival overall but may increase the risk of sudden death in dogs with severe SAS compared to atenolol.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Sotalol; Atenolol; Constriction, Pathologic; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37307692
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.05.003 -
Cardio-oncology (London, England) Mar 2024Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients due to the increased age and treatments. While individual β-blockers have been...
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients due to the increased age and treatments. While individual β-blockers have been investigated to manage CV complications, various β-blockers have not been compared for their effects on CV death in this population. We aimed to compare CV mortality in older BC patients taking one of the commonly used β-blockers.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) - Medicare data (2010-2015). Patients of age 66 years or older at BC diagnosis receiving metoprolol, atenolol, or carvedilol monotherapy were included. The competing risk regression model was used to determine the risk of CV mortality in the three β-blocker groups. The multivariable model was adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for the risk of CV mortality.
RESULTS
The study cohort included 6,540 patients of which 55% were metoprolol users, 30% were atenolol users, and 15% were carvedilol users. Metoprolol was associated with a 37% reduced risk of CV mortality (P = 0.03) compared to carvedilol after adjusting for the covariates (HR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41-0.96). No significant difference in the risk of CV mortality between atenolol and carvedilol users was observed (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.44-1.22).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that metoprolol is associated with a reduced risk of CV mortality in BC patients. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanism of action.
PubMed: 38532523
DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00217-1 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are some of the most recalcitrant water pollutants causing undesired environmental and human effects. In absence of adapted...
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are some of the most recalcitrant water pollutants causing undesired environmental and human effects. In absence of adapted decontamination technologies, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable alternatives for water remediation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for adsorbing contaminants as well as providing photoactive sites, as they possess exceptional porosity and chemical versatility. To date, the reported studies using MOFs in water remediation have been mainly focused on the removal of a single type of PhACs and rarely on the combined elimination of PhACs mixtures. Herein, the eco-friendly bismuth-based MOF, SU-101, has been originally proposed as an efficient adsorbent-photocatalyst for the elimination of a mixture of three challenging persistent PhACs, frequently detected in wastewater and surface water in ng L to mg·L concentrations: the antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT), the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DCF), and the antihypertensive atenolol (At). Adsorption experiments of the mixture revealed that SU-101 exhibited a great adsorption capacity towards At, resulting in an almost complete removal (94.1 ± 0.8% for combined adsorption) in only 5 h. Also, SU-101 demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic activity under visible light to simultaneously degrade DCF and SMT (99.6 ± 0.4% and 89.2 ± 1.4%, respectively). In addition, MOF-contaminant interactions, the photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways were investigated, also assessing the toxicity of the resulting degradation products. Even further, recycling and regeneration studies were performed, demonstrating its efficient reuse for 4 consecutive cycles without further treatment, and its subsequent successful regeneration by simply washing the material with a NaCl solution.
Topics: Humans; Adsorption; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wastewater; Atenolol; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Diclofenac; Water; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38570568
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58014-w -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment are an emerging issue of global concern because of their effects on ecosystems including; antibacterial resistance...
Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment are an emerging issue of global concern because of their effects on ecosystems including; antibacterial resistance development and endocrine disruption. Lake Victoria is the largest freshwater lake in Africa, and the second largest lake in the world. It is also the main source of the White Nile River, arguably the longest river in the world, flowing through South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia and Egypt, discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. However, its ecology is threatened by rapid industrialisation, urbanization, and increased agricultural activities, which have led to increased pollution via polluted runoffs. In this study, the occurrence of twenty-five pharmaceutical compounds (14 antibiotics, four anti-epileptic and antidepressant drugs, three analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, three beta-blockers, and one lipid regulator) was studied in 55 sediment samples obtained from the Ugandan sector of Lake Victoria, and their ecotoxic risk assessed. All the target compounds were quantifiable with levofloxacin (2-120 ng g dm; dry mass), ciprofloxacin (3-130 ng g dm) enoxacin (9-75 ng g dm), ibuprofen (6-50 ng g dm), metoprolol (1-92 ng g dm) and propranolol (1-52 ng g dm) being predominant. Murchison Bay, being the chief recipient of sewage effluents, municipal and industrial waste from Kampala city and its suburbs, had the highest levels. Ecotoxic risk assessment revealed that ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, atenolol, and metoprolol posed high toxic risks to sediment-dwelling organisms (risk quotients, RQ >1). This is the first study reporting concentrations and ecotoxic risks of pharmaceuticals in sediments of Lake Victoria, Uganda, and the whole of East Africa. Detection, identification and quantification of pharmaceuticals in Lake Victoria sediments is essential for gaining knowledge on their occurrence and fate which can ultimately be used to assist in constructing relevant policy and management recommendations.
Topics: Uganda; Lakes; Ecosystem; Ibuprofen; Levofloxacin; Metoprolol; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Risk Assessment; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 37769731
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167348 -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Feb 2024This study examined the rates and persistence of clozapine-induced tachycardia and heart-rate differences in patients treated with β-blockers in the largest sample of...
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the rates and persistence of clozapine-induced tachycardia and heart-rate differences in patients treated with β-blockers in the largest sample of patients with a psychotic disorder to date.
METHOD
An audit of medical files for 101 patients who attended a clozapine community clinic and analysis of monthly measurements of resting heart rates.
RESULTS
51% met the clinical criteria for tachycardia. Heart rates were stable over time. β-blockers were associated with small but significant reductions in heart rates.
CONCLUSION
The cardiovascular risks of clozapine are often overlooked. β-blockers are useful in lowering heart rates but they may be insufficient to reduce cardiac risk.
Topics: Humans; Clozapine; Tachycardia; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 38165132
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231224156 -
Environmental Technology Feb 2024Photocatalysis is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. It is of great significance to find catalysts with high photoactivity. In this paper, a catalyst with...
Photocatalysis is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. It is of great significance to find catalysts with high photoactivity. In this paper, a catalyst with high photocatalytic degradation efficiency to organic wastewater, carbon nitride modified by graphene quantum dots (SCN-GQD), is prepared by supramolecular self-assembly thermal polycondensation method and doping graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The results show that SCN-GQD has the best catalytic performance, and its photocatalytic degradation efficiency to organic pollutants can reach 86% and still remains above 83% after five cycles, which shows the modified carbon nitride has high catalytic efficiency and stability. In a word, SCN-GQD is a highly efficient, non-toxic and stable photocatalyst for organic pollutants in wastewater.
Topics: Graphite; Atenolol; Quantum Dots; Wastewater; Environmental Pollutants; Nitriles; Nitrophenols
PubMed: 36205067
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2133640 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dec 2023Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subject of intensive research. This study aimed to determine how different drug characteristics such as molecular weights,...
Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subject of intensive research. This study aimed to determine how different drug characteristics such as molecular weights, drug solubility in the processing medium, and drug ionization/charge state affected chitosan NPs particularly their percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE) and mean hydrodynamic diameters (MHDs). Drugs with varying molecular weights but of similar aqueous solubilities were chosen and were dissolved in a 2% chitosan-acetic acid solution. Chitosan NPs were formed using by ionic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) at specific concentration and volume ratios of chitosan to TPP. NPs containing Enalapril and Paracetamol displayed better short-term stability in terms of MHDs. A direct relationship between MHDs of NPs and chitosan concentrations was found. In comparison, at both low and high admixed drug concentrations and at high chitosan concentration, larger NPs sizes were associated with the lower molecular weight drug (Paracetamol). However, the study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between NPs characteristics such as MHDs and drugs molecular weights. The ZP of Paracetamol-loaded NPs was lowest at high drug concentrations at all chitosan concentrations compared to other drugs-loaded NPs. When compared to drugs with high and low molecular weights, medium molecular weight Atenolol showed the highest % EE. This clearly indicated that there was no direct correlation between drug molecular weight and % EE, but rather other factors influenced on % EE. Nevertheless, an inverse linear relationship with high correlation coefficients was only found when % EE was plotted against each drug molecular weight divided by the ratio of drugs solubilities in acetic acid to their employed concentrations, however the correlation was inconsistent between drugs of varying molecular weights.
Topics: Particle Size; Chitosan; Acetaminophen; Nanoparticles; Acetic Acid; Drug Carriers
PubMed: 37751806
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.015 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2024Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) and their downstream signaling pathways are expressed not only in the oral tissues but also in extraoral tissues. Emerging data has...
AIMS
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) and their downstream signaling pathways are expressed not only in the oral tissues but also in extraoral tissues. Emerging data has demonstrated the beneficial effect of ghrelin in neurodegenerative diseases. Gaining more insight into the interaction between TAS2Rs and gut hormones may expand their therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to assess the possible effect of TAS2R activation by denatonium benzoate (DB) in modulating functional and neurobiochemical alterations in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD).
MAIN METHODS
PD model was induced by daily injection of rotenone (2 mg/kg). Rats received DB (5 mg/kg), atenolol (10 mg/kg), or both concomitantly with rotenone, daily for 28 days. Evaluation of the motor abnormalities and histological examination of brain tissues were conducted. In addition, striatal dopamine contents, immunohistochemical expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, plasma ghrelin level, and biochemical analysis of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed.
KEY FINDINGS
Treatment with DB increased serum levels of ghrelin and striatal dopamine contents with consequent amelioration of oxidative stress and attenuation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, DB treatment significantly ameliorated motor disturbance and histological abnormalities compared to untreated rats. Atenolol inhibited ghrelin release and abolished the positive effect of DB suggesting the involvement of ghrelin on such effects.
SIGNIFICANCE
The current study suggests that TAS2Rs agonists are promising candidates for ameliorating rotenone-induced PD pathology in rats, an action that could be linked to the enhancement of ghrelin release with consequent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
PubMed: 38945288
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176802 -
Environmental Science & Technology May 2024Utilizing solar light and water matrix components in situ to reduce the chemical and energy demands would make treatment technologies more sustainable for micropollutant...
Utilizing solar light and water matrix components in situ to reduce the chemical and energy demands would make treatment technologies more sustainable for micropollutant abatement in wastewater effluents. We herein propose a new strategy for micropollutant abatement through dissolved organic matter (DOM)-mediated photosensitized activation of monochloramine (NHCl). Exposing the chlorinated wastewater effluent with residual NHCl to solar irradiation (solar/DOM/NHCl process) degrades six structurally diverse micropollutants at rate constants 1.26-34.2 times of those by the solar photolysis of the dechlorinated effluent (solar/DOM process). Notably, among the six micropollutants, the degradation rate constants of estradiol, acetaminophen, bisphenol A, and atenolol by the solar/DOM/NHCl process are 1.13-4.32 times the summation of those by the solar/DOM and solar/NHCl processes. The synergism in micropollutant degradation is attributed to the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and hydroxyl radicals (HO) from the photosensitized activation of NHCl. Triplet state-excited DOM (DOM*) dominates the activation of NHCl, leading to the generation of RNS, while HO is produced from the interactions between RNS and other photochemically produced reactive intermediates (e.g., O and DOM). The findings advance the knowledge of DOM-mediated photosensitization and offer a sustainable method for micropollutant abatement in wastewater effluents containing residual NHCl.
Topics: Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Photolysis; Sunlight
PubMed: 38743251
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00224 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Elevated usage of pharmaceutical products leads to the accumulation of emerging contaminants in sewage. In the current work, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) was used to remove...
Elevated usage of pharmaceutical products leads to the accumulation of emerging contaminants in sewage. In the current work, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) was used to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PCs), proposed as a tertiary method in sewage treatment plants (STPs). The PCs consisted of a group of painkillers (ketoprofen, diclofenac, and dexamethasone), psychiatrists (carbamazepine, venlafaxine, and citalopram), beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol), and anti-hypertensives (losartan and valsartan). The performance of 800 mL of synthetic water, effluent STP, and hospital wastewater (HWW) was evaluated. Parameters, including treatment time, inoculum volume, and mechanical agitation speed, have been tested. The toxicity of the GL after treatment is being studied based on exposure levels to zebrafish embryos (ZFET) and the morphology of the GL has been observed via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The findings conclude that GL can reduce PCs from <10% to >90%. Diclofenac and valsartan are the highest (>90%) in the synthetic model, while citalopram and propranolol (>80%) are in the real wastewater. GL effectively removed pollutants in 48 h, 1% of the inoculum volume, and 50 rpm. The ZFET showed GL is non-toxic (LC is 209.95 mg/mL). In the morphology observation, pellets GL do not show major differences after treatment, showing potential to be used for a longer treatment time and to be re-useable in the system. GL offers advantages to removing PCs in water due to their non-specific extracellular enzymes that allow for the biodegradation of PCs and indicates a good potential in real-world applications as a favourable alternative treatment.
Topics: Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animals; Zebrafish; Reishi; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Malaysia; Sewage; Biodegradation, Environmental; Diclofenac
PubMed: 38697564
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142209