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Cells Feb 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition that frequently develops before the onset of allergic rhinitis or asthma. More than 10% of children are affected... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition that frequently develops before the onset of allergic rhinitis or asthma. More than 10% of children are affected by this serious skin condition, which is painful for the sufferers. Recent research has connected the environment, genetics, the skin barrier, drugs, psychological factors, and the immune system to the onset and severity of AD. The causes and consequences of AD and its cellular and molecular origins are reviewed in this paper. The exploration of interleukins and their influence on the immunological pathway in AD has been facilitated by using relevant biomarkers in clinical trials. This approach enables the identification of novel therapeutic modalities, fostering the potential for targeted translational research within the realm of personalized medicine. This review focuses on AD's pathophysiology and the ever-changing therapeutic landscape. Beyond the plethora of biologic medications in various stages of approval or development, a range of non-biologic targeted therapies, specifically small molecules, have emerged. These include Janus kinase () inhibitors like Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, and Abrocitinib, thus expanding the spectrum of therapeutic options. This review also addresses the latest clinical efficacy data and elucidates the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment for atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Skin; Asthma; Precision Medicine; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38474389
DOI: 10.3390/cells13050425 -
Respiratory Research Feb 2024Recent evidence has increasingly underscored the importance of the neuro-immune axis in mediating allergic airway diseases, such as allergic asthma and allergic... (Review)
Review
Recent evidence has increasingly underscored the importance of the neuro-immune axis in mediating allergic airway diseases, such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. The intimate spatial relationship between neurons and immune cells suggests that their interactions play a pivotal role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Upon direct activation by allergens, neurons and immune cells engage in interactions, during which neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by neurons modulate immune cell activity. Meanwhile, immune cells release inflammatory mediators such as histamine and cytokines, stimulating neurons and amplifying neuropeptide production, thereby exacerbating allergic inflammation. The dynamic interplay between the nervous and immune systems suggests that targeting the neuro-immune axis in the airway could represent a novel approach to treating allergic airway diseases. This review summarized recent evidence on the nervous system's regulatory mechanisms in immune responses and identified potential therapeutic targets along the peripheral nerve-immune axis for allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. The findings will provide novel perspectives on the management of allergic airway diseases in the future.
Topics: Humans; Neuroimmunomodulation; Asthma; Respiratory System; Rhinitis, Allergic; Inflammation; Respiration Disorders; Neuropeptides
PubMed: 38331782
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02702-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common pathological condition in otorhinolaryngology. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide and is becoming a major burden to the... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common pathological condition in otorhinolaryngology. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide and is becoming a major burden to the world population. Dendritic cells (DCs) are typically activated and matured after capturing, phagocytosing, and processing allergens during the immunopathogenesis of AR. In addition, the process of DC activation and maturation is accompanied by the production of exosomes, which are cell‑derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cargoes involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. In particular, DC‑derived exosomes (Dex) can participate in allergic immune responses, where the biological substances carried by them can have potentially important implications for both the pathogenesis and treatment of AR. Dex can also be exploited to carry anti‑allergy agents to effectively treat AR. This provides a novel method to explore the pathogenesis of and treatment strategies for AR further. Therefore, the present review focuses on the origin, composition, function, and biological characteristics of DCs, exosomes, and Dex, in addition to the possible relationship between Dex and AR.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Rhinitis, Allergic; Allergens; Extracellular Vesicles; Dendritic Cells
PubMed: 37888754
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5320 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Dec 2023Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. It is among the most common diseases globally and usually persists throughout life. Allergic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. It is among the most common diseases globally and usually persists throughout life. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) is a wellestablished guideline applicable to AR and was updated regularly since 2001, aiming to improve the care for AR patients. We proposed a new questionnaire that addresses the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms, specifically nasal symptoms, and its impact on quality of life in terms of specific vital activities such as sleeping, working, school performance, leisure, or sport, based on the ARIA guideline. The objective was to develop, validate and evaluate Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms and Impact Assessment (ARSIA) questionnaire among allergic rhinitis patients in Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani (HSAH), and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a prospective observational study to develop, validate and evaluate the ARSIA questionnaire based on ARIA guidelines. The sample will be obtained from the list of patients under follow-up in the ORL clinic HSAH and HUSM with ages of 18 to 60 years, patients clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, and with positive skin prick test.
RESULTS
A total of 150 patients with a positive skin prick test participated in this study. In the 'nasal symptom' and 'impact on daily activities' domains, calculated Cronbach's alpha shows a value of 0.878 and 0.811 respectively. The inter-item correlation was calculated to analyse internal consistency reliability. Items B3 and B4 were dropped from the questionnaire as both showed a low correlation with other items. New Cronbach's alpha for the daily activities domain was 0.830, which showed better internal consistency reliability. All of the items were analysed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Clinician diagnosis from the proforma was used as a comparison to the participant's responses. In the analysis, a cut-off points of 12 was used to classify the patient's nasal symptoms into intermittent or persistent, with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 86%, PPV of 95%, and NPV of 51%. Whereas, a cut-off point of 15 was used to classify the rhinitis impact on daily activities into mild or moderate/severe, with a sensitivity of 58%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 42%. The only item in the 'control' domain has been dropped out following a consensus of experts and judgement as it has not been used in the clinician diagnosis and thus, is unable to test for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV.
CONCLUSION
This newly developed, validated, and evaluated questionnaire is a good tool for the evaluation of allergic rhinitis symptoms and their impact on daily activities. It is important to understand that AR symptoms could have a significant impact on daily activities. Although further study and testing are needed, it provides an initial means for evaluating the patient condition and control level, as well as patients' perception of their rhinitis control.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38159918
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Multiple evidence indicates that perinatal factors make impact on immune development and affect offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) risk. In this systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Multiple evidence indicates that perinatal factors make impact on immune development and affect offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) risk. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined available published studies to clarify the relationship between cesarean section (C-section) and offspring AR in children. To explore the relationship between C-section, especially the special attention was paid to different cesarean delivery mode, and the risk of AR in children. Articles were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China knowledge Network, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal databases. A meta-analysis of 22 studies published before August 1, 2022, which included 1,464,868 participants, was conducted for statistical analysis with RevMan5.4. The correlation strength between C-section and offspring AR was determined by combining odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected using the funnel chart and Egger tests. Meta-analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between C-section and children AR (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27, P < 0.001), especially C-section with a family history of allergy (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36-2.43, P < 0.001). Moreover, elective C-section (without genital tract microbe exposure) had the higher risk of offspring AR (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, P = 0.010) compared with the whole study. Meta-regression demonstrated that sample size explained 38.0% of the variability between studies, and year of publication explained 18.8%. Delivery by C-section, particularly elective C-section and C-section with a family history of allergy can increase the risk of AR in children.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Odds Ratio; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37884557
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44932-8 -
Science Immunology Mar 2024Type 2-polarized memory B cells sustain food allergy and allergic rhinitis by rapidly differentiating into pathogenic IgE-producing plasma cells.
Type 2-polarized memory B cells sustain food allergy and allergic rhinitis by rapidly differentiating into pathogenic IgE-producing plasma cells.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulin E; B-Lymphocytes; Rhinitis, Allergic; Plasma Cells; Memory B Cells
PubMed: 38427720
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ado6824 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Many observational studies have been reported that patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases seem to have a higher risk of developing senile cataract, but the views...
BACKGROUND
Many observational studies have been reported that patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases seem to have a higher risk of developing senile cataract, but the views are not consistent. In order to minimize the influence of reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we performed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the genetic causal associations between autoimmune, allergic diseases and senile cataract.
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ten common autoimmune and allergic diseases were obtained from the IEU Open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database. Summary-level GWAS statistics for clinically diagnosed senile cataract were obtained from the FinnGen research project GWAS, which consisted of 59,522 individuals with senile cataracts and 312,864 control individuals. MR analysis was conducted using mainly inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and further sensitivity analysis was performed to test robustness.
RESULTS
As for ten diseases, IVW results confirmed that type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.05-1.08; = 2.24×10), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08; = 1.83×10), hypothyroidism (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.42-4.06; = 1.12×10), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; = 2.27×10), asthma (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; = 1.2×10) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02-1.11; = 2.15×10) were correlated with the risk of senile cataract. Celiac disease (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08; = 0.0437) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.10; = 0.0426) exhibited a suggestive connection with senile cataract after Bonferroni correction. These associations are consistent across weighted median and MR Egger methods, with similar causal estimates in direction and magnitude. Sensitivity analysis further proved that these associations were reliable.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the MR analysis showed that there were causal relationships between type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, allergic rhinitis and senile cataract. To clarify the possible role of autoimmune and allergy in the pathophysiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Autoimmune Diseases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Hypothyroidism; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Cataract
PubMed: 38585265
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325868 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, caused by the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response. The annual incidence rate of AR... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, caused by the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response. The annual incidence rate of AR is on the rise, exerting a significant impact on individuals' physical and mental wellbeing. The treatment effect in some patients is still not ideal, as the pathogenesis of AR is complex and diverse. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence and development of AR through various pathways. This article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis and its research progress in the field of AR, and puts forward possible therapeutic targets to offer innovative approaches for its management.
Topics: Humans; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pyroptosis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Nasal Mucosa; Inflammasomes; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37481928
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115203 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jan 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR) and migraine are among the most common public health problems worldwide. Observational studies on the correlation between AR and migraine have...
PURPOSE
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and migraine are among the most common public health problems worldwide. Observational studies on the correlation between AR and migraine have reported inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship of AR with migraine and its subtypes, including migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO).
METHODS
Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed with publicly available summary-level statistics of large genome-wide association studies to estimate the possible causal effects. The inverse variance-weighted method was selected for primary analysis and was supplemented with the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods. The causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) were further performed to verify the causality. Several sensitivity tests, including the leave-one-out, Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests, were performed to assess the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
AR did not exhibit a significant causal correlation with the elevated risk of any migraine (odd ratio (OR), 0.816; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.511-1.302; P = 0.394), MA (OR, 0.690; 95% CI 0.298-1.593; P = 0.384), or MO (OR, 1.022; 95% CI 0.490-2.131; P = 0.954). Consistently, reverse MR analysis did not reveal causal effects of any migraine or its subtypes on AR. Almost all sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the results.
CONCLUSIONS
This MR study did not reveal a clear causal association between AR and migraine risk. More research is warranted to reveal the complex association between AR and migraine.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Migraine Disorders; Rhinitis, Allergic; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38281051
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01682-1 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Previous research has suggested connections between specific inflammatory cytokines and nasal conditions, including Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS),...
OBJECTIVES
Previous research has suggested connections between specific inflammatory cytokines and nasal conditions, including Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), and Nasal Polyps (NP). However, a lack of robust research establishing the causal underpinnings of them. This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between 41 inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of AR, CRS and NP.
METHODS
This study employed a two-sample MR design, harnessing genetic variations derived from publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. AR data was sourced from a GWAS with 25,486 cases and 87,097 controls (identifier: ukb-b-7178). CRS data originated from a GWAS encompassing 1,179 cases and 360,015 controls (identifier: ukb-d-J32). NP data was extracted from a GWAS involving 1,637 cases and 335,562 controls (identifier: ukb-a-541). The data for 41 inflammatory cytokines were obtained from an independent GWAS encompassing 8,293 participants. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger regression and Weighted median were used to evaluate the causalities of exposures and outcomes. A range of sensitivity analyses were implemented to assess the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
The results revealed significant associations between elevated circulating levels of MIP-1α (odds ratio, OR: 1.01798, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00217-1.03404, p = 0.02570) and TNF-α (OR: 1.01478, 95% CI: 1.00225-1.02746, p = 0.02067) with an augmented risk of AR in the IVW approach. Heightened levels of circulating IL-2 exhibited a positive correlation with an increased susceptibility to NP in the IVW approach (OR: 1.00129, 95% CI: 1.00017-1.00242, p = 0.02434), whereas elevated levels of circulating PDGF-BB demonstrated a decreased risk of NP (OR: 0.99920, 95% CI: 0.99841-0.99999, p = 0.047610). The MR analysis between levels of 41 inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of CRS yielded no positive outcomes.
CONCLUSION
This investigation proposes a potential causal association between elevated levels of MIP-1α and TNF-α with an elevated risk of AR, as well as an increased risk of NP linked to elevated IL-2 levels. Furthermore, there appears to be a potential association between increased levels of circulating PDGF-BB and a reduced risk of NP.
Topics: Humans; Cytokines; Chemokine CCL3; Nasal Polyps; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Becaplermin; Genome-Wide Association Study; Interleukin-2; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Sinusitis; Causality; Chronic Disease; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38022554
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288517