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West African Journal of Medicine Nov 2023The barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis (AD) promotes epicutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of food and...
BACKGROUND
The barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis (AD) promotes epicutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of food and aeroallergen sensitization in AD and to explore the relationship between allergen sensitization and the personal or family history of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, eosinophil count, and AD severity of Nigerian patients.
METHODS
Children and adults with AD who visited the dermatology clinic were included in this study. AD diagnosis was made using the modified Hanifin and Rajka criteria, and severity was rated and graded using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Skin-prick test for 14 allergens (5 food and 9 aeroallergens) was used to assess IgE sensitization. To look for significant relationships, chi-square and odds ratio were used.
RESULTS
Sensitization to at least one allergen was observed in 65.8% of the patients, sensitization to aeroallergen was 85% and to foods was 15%. More patients had concomitant allergic conjunctivitis (n=29) and only three had asthma. The mean age of onset of AD was 10.6±12.9 years, ranging from 2 months to 51 years, and a family history of atopy was observed in 49.4%. Majority had moderate AD and normal eosinophil count. Allergen sensitization in AD patients was significantly associated with the age of patients but not with personal or family history of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, eosinophil count or AD severity.
CONCLUSION
Analysis of our result showed a high prevalence of food and aeroallergen sensitization in AD. Sensitization was not influenced by the presence of other allergic diseases, eosinophils and the severity of AD.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eosinophils; Allergens; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Conjunctivitis
PubMed: 38096550
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Allergic rhinitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that affects T cells and their cytokines. T cells play significant roles in the... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that affects T cells and their cytokines. T cells play significant roles in the development of allergic inflammatory diseases by orchestrating mechanisms underlying innate and adaptive immunity. Although many studies on allergic rhinitis have focused on helper T cells, molecular makeup, and pathogenesis-related transduction pathways, pathological mechanisms have not yet been completely explored. Recent studies have suggested that T cell status may play an important role in the interaction between T cells and the nasal mucosal barrier in allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to explore the interactions between T cells and nasal mucosal barriers in allergic rhinitis and to review the therapeutic modalities of pertinent biological agents involving T cells.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic; Nasal Mucosa; Inflammation; Cytokines; Adaptive Immunity
PubMed: 37771581
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224129 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Jan 2024Immune-related diseases can interact with each other, and growing evidence suggests that these diseases are associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, it is...
BACKGROUND
Immune-related diseases can interact with each other, and growing evidence suggests that these diseases are associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, it is unclear whether previously observed associations reflect causal relationships.
OBJECTIVE
This study estimated the genetic association between various immune-related diseases and AR using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS
Eight immune-related diseases were selected as exposure factors, and AR was selected as the outcome. The 8 immune-related disease categories included atopic dermatitis (AD), Graves' disease (GD), asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Data from GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) were selected to construct instrumental variables (IVs) for each disease, and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as IVs. Corresponding data were retrieved according to the selected SNPs, and all data were summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 416 SNPs were screened as IVs, and the results of IVW support a causal relationship between AR risk and AD (OR: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.014-1.038, = 9.59 × 10), asthma (OR: 1.057, 95% CI: 1.029-1.086, = .0001), and CD (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002-1.011, = .0085). Furthermore, GD (OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.991-0.999, = .0213) and SLE (OR: 0.997, 95% CI: 0.995-1.000, = .025) may be protective factors.
CONCLUSION
This MR study found that AD, asthma and CD increase the risk of AR in populations of European ancestry, GD and SLE may be protective factors. These results suggest that confounding factors may have influenced associations previously reported in observational studies.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Dermatitis, Atopic; Asthma; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 37817645
DOI: 10.1177/19458924231207131 -
Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers Sep 2023There is increasing evidence that allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with cancer. However, these results are inconsistent. Because of common risk factors, there may...
There is increasing evidence that allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with cancer. However, these results are inconsistent. Because of common risk factors, there may be reverse causality and confounding factors that affect our understanding of the relationship between AR and cancer. We aimed to explore the role of AR in cancer development using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We performed a two-sample MR analysis using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with AR (or hay fever) were used as instrumental variables, mainly using the inverse variance weighted analysis method, supplemented by MR Egger, maximum likelihood, weighted media, and penalized weighted media for MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses included heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy; and leave-one-out analyses were performed to test the robustness of our results. MR analysis revealed no evidence of a causal relationship between AR and any of the examined cancers (all > 0.05). The results using five different analytical approaches were similar. Sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy. According to the leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, no individual SNP was significantly influencing the causal effect of AR on cancers. These findings do not provide evidence to support that AR has a large impact on the risk of eight common cancers in the European population. However, we cannot rule out a very minor effect of AR on cancer. Further large-scale studies are necessary to validate our findings.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Factors; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37768329
DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0028 -
Respiratory Research Feb 2024Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study employs a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and meta-analysis to identify metabolite targets potentially associated with allergic diseases.
METHODS
A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between circulating and urinary metabolites and allergic diseases. Exposures were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 circulating metabolites and a GWAS of 55 targeted urinary metabolites. Outcome data for allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma, were obtained from the FinnGen biobank in Europe (cohort 1) and the Biobank Japan in Asia (cohort 2). MR results from both cohorts were combined using a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
MR analysis identified 50 circulating metabolites and 6 urinary metabolites in cohort 1 and 54 circulating metabolites and 2 urinary metabolites in cohort 2 as potentially causally related to allergic diseases. A meta-analysis of the MR results revealed stearoylcarnitine (OR 8.654; 95% CI 4.399-17.025; P = 4.06E-10) and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol (OR 2.178; 95% CI 1.388-3.419; P = 7.15E-04) as the most reliable causal circulating metabolites for asthma and AR, respectively. Further, histidine (OR 0.734; 95% CI: 0.594-0.907; P = 0.004), tyrosine (OR 0.601; 95% CI: 0.380-0.952; P = 0.030), and alanine (OR 0.280; 95% CI: 0.125-0.628; P = 0.002) emerged as urinary metabolites with the greatest protective effects against asthma, AD, and AR, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Imbalances in numerous circulating and urinary metabolites may be implicated in the development and progression of allergic diseases. These findings have significant implications for the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Alanine
PubMed: 38378549
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02720-6 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Sep 2023Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infective chronic inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infective chronic inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal microbiome supplementation (GMS) for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), concerning improvement on symptoms and signs, laboratory outcomes, quality of life, and medication scores.
METHODS
Five English databases were searched up to Dec 12th, 2022. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics were main therapies or adjuvants in experimental groups. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted based on the Cochrane systematic review method by using RevMan 5.4 Software, with meta-influence analyses, subgroup-analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias performed for exploration of heterogeneity by Stata V.14. Trial sequential analyses were performed by TSA 0.9, and quality of the results was accessed through the GRADE-pro GDT.
RESULTS
Finally, extracted from 53 articles, 65 RCTs involving 3,634 participants with sound worldwide representativeness were included. Primary results showed better improvement in GMS groups on TNSS (WMD=1.05, P for WMD=0.004, 95%CI:0.34 to 1.76), overall nasal condition (WMD=1.25, P for WMD<0.001, 95%CI:0.90 to 1.61), overall quality of life (WMD=6.16, P for WMD<0.001, 95%CI:4.92 to 7.40) and medication score (WMD=0.42, P for WMD=0.42, 95%CI:-0.06 to 0.90).However, GMS groups were inferior than the controls concerning reduction on serum total IgE (WMD=-1.81) and ratios of serum Th1/Th2 (WMD=-1.06). Meta-regressions suggested significant (p<0.05) variations of the effects in some comparisons. In addition, results of sub-group analyses firstly revealed potential influence between final results and the variables above. Instantly after intervention, the GRADE levels of evidence were sound, including "High ⨁⨁⨁⨁" in 10, "Moderate ⨁⨁⨁◯" in 33, and "Low ⨁⨁◯◯" in nine comparisons. However, overall certainties decreased obviously during follow-ups.
CONCLUSION
Overall, our pooled results firstly revealed that GMS yielded acceptable benefits for patients with AR compared with controls with sound certainties, after balancing the benefits and harms.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Probiotics
PubMed: 37418839
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154948 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Nov 2023Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has high morbidity and mortality especially in preexisting risk groups. In atopic diseases the IgE and eosinophils are commonly...
INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has high morbidity and mortality especially in preexisting risk groups. In atopic diseases the IgE and eosinophils are commonly elevated. This study aims to determine the potential association between COVID-19 and atopic diseases in Iraqi patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study done in Baghdad on 112 patients who attended Al-Zahraa Allergic Center. Their demographic characteristics, total IgE, eosinophil counts and PCR result for COVID-19 were determined.
RESULTS
The means for IgE and eosinophils were 245.7±260.1IU/ml and 444.5±117.1cells/microliter sequentially. Around 32.1% had high IgE level (i.e., atopic) and 11.6% had COVID-19. Among the atopic patients, 33.3%, 30.5% and 36.2% had atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma respectively. More than half (58.3%) of them were male, 55.5% aged <45 years, 36.2% were retired or had no job, 69.5% were graduated from secondary school or more and 88.8% lived in urban areas. There is no significant association in IgE level between those with and without COVID-19, which means that exposure to SARS Cov2 virus could not be a trigger or exacerbation for atopic diseases. Also, there was no association between atopic patients with COVID-19 and those without it regarding type of atopy, age, sex, occupation, education, type of living area.
CONCLUSIONS
Atopy is not a risk factor for COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Iraq; Immunoglobulin E; Cross-Sectional Studies; COVID-19; Eosinophils; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38031212
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Dec 2023Previous studies have suggested a potential association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and hypertension, but the genetic basis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed...
Previous studies have suggested a potential association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and hypertension, but the genetic basis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the genetic correlation and potential causal association between AR and hypertension. Using a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) public database, we conducted meticulous screening to acquire the most up-to-date GWAS data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relevant to AR and hypertension, with a significance threshold of P < 5 × 10-8. Then, we investigated the causal association between AR and hypertension through mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We also performed reverse MR analysis to assess the possibility of reverse causality. Sensitivity analyses encompassed various factors, including horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity testing, and stepwise exclusion sensitivity checks. To investigate the causal relationship between AR and hypertension, we utilize the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as our evaluative metric. This study leveraged a database comprising 112583 samples for AR and 461880 samples for hypertension. After meticulous screening, we identified 32 SNPs as instrumental variables. By employing the aforementioned 2-sample Mendelian randomization approaches, the estimated causal effects showed striking concordance. A discernible causal association between AR and hypertension was found using the IVW method (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98, P = .008), with horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests supporting the validity of our MR study. MR-Egger regression findings provided reassurance against bias stemming from genetic pleiotropy (intercept = -0.0006802, P = .6947). Interestingly, "leave-one-out" analysis yielded no evidence of nonspecific SNP influences, further consolidating our findings. Moreover, our reverse MR analysis yielded no indication of reverse causality from hypertension to AR, effectively discounting any influence from the latter on the former. Our study found evidence of a causal association between AR and hypertension in individuals of European ancestry. It demonstrated that AR reduced the risk of hypertension, suggesting a protective effect on hypertension due to the negative correlation with AR.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Databases, Factual; Hypertension
PubMed: 38115257
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036700 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2023The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) on AR is poorly known. This study investigated the KAP towards AR in patients...
BACKGROUND
The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) on AR is poorly known. This study investigated the KAP towards AR in patients with this disease and explored the factors associated with KAP.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with AR in Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and March 2023.
RESULTS
This study included 656 valid questionnaires. Most participants were 26-35 years old (36.13%) and were female (55.18%). The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 5.70 ± 2.88 (possible range: 0-12), 29.51 ± 3.52 (possible range: 9-45), and 34.13 ± 7.55 (possible range: 9-45), indicating poor knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and proactive practice. AR history of 3-5 years (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.54, P = 0.037), AR history of > 6 years (adjOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.06-2.54, P = 0.027), and know their own allergens (adjOR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.28-4.25, P = 0.005) were independently associated with the sufficient knowledge. AR history of ≥ 6 years (adjOR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37-0.96, P = 0.035), and liking sports (adjOR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.07-2.33, P = 0.020) were independently associated with the positive attitude. The knowledge scores (adjOR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.05-1.22, P = 0.001), attitude scores (adjOR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.17-1.32, P < 0.001), age 36-45 (adjOR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.19-3.82, P = 0.011), employed (adjOR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.37-0.94, P = 0.026), and liking sports (adjOR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.43-3.14, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the proactive practice.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with AR have poor knowledge and unfavorable attitudes but good practice toward AR. Continuous quality teaching interventions and education on patients for AR were recommended.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Asian People; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37626323
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16607-6 -
International Immunopharmacology Apr 2024The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to... (Review)
Review
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses. The role of ILC2s represents an intriguing frontier in immunology; however, the intricate immune mechanisms of ILC2s in allergic responses remain relatively poorly understood. To gain a comphrehensive understanding of the research progress of ILC2, we summarize recent advances in ILC2s biology in pathologic allergic inflammation to inspire novel approaches for managing allergic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Inflammation; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38513576
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111899