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Archives of Disease in Childhood Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38267079
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326280 -
Respiratory Research Feb 2024Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study employs a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and meta-analysis to identify metabolite targets potentially associated with allergic diseases.
METHODS
A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between circulating and urinary metabolites and allergic diseases. Exposures were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 circulating metabolites and a GWAS of 55 targeted urinary metabolites. Outcome data for allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma, were obtained from the FinnGen biobank in Europe (cohort 1) and the Biobank Japan in Asia (cohort 2). MR results from both cohorts were combined using a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
MR analysis identified 50 circulating metabolites and 6 urinary metabolites in cohort 1 and 54 circulating metabolites and 2 urinary metabolites in cohort 2 as potentially causally related to allergic diseases. A meta-analysis of the MR results revealed stearoylcarnitine (OR 8.654; 95% CI 4.399-17.025; P = 4.06E-10) and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol (OR 2.178; 95% CI 1.388-3.419; P = 7.15E-04) as the most reliable causal circulating metabolites for asthma and AR, respectively. Further, histidine (OR 0.734; 95% CI: 0.594-0.907; P = 0.004), tyrosine (OR 0.601; 95% CI: 0.380-0.952; P = 0.030), and alanine (OR 0.280; 95% CI: 0.125-0.628; P = 0.002) emerged as urinary metabolites with the greatest protective effects against asthma, AD, and AR, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Imbalances in numerous circulating and urinary metabolites may be implicated in the development and progression of allergic diseases. These findings have significant implications for the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Alanine
PubMed: 38378549
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02720-6 -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Feb 2024Type 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) differentiate from CD4 helper T cells under the influence of IL-4 and conventional or monocyte-derived CD11b dendritic cells. Th2 cells... (Review)
Review
Type 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) differentiate from CD4 helper T cells under the influence of IL-4 and conventional or monocyte-derived CD11b dendritic cells. Th2 cells are capable of generating IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, as well as evoking immunoglobulin class-switch to IgE. Three types of rapid immune responses are Th2 cell-dependent: (1) mast cell-IgE mediated allergic reactions, (2) Th2 cell-derived cytokine-mediated reactions that complement allergic reactions and protect the host from toxins, xenobiotics, environmental irritants, and helminthic parasites, and (3) IgE-stimulated mast cell-derived cysteinyl-leukotriene mediated avoidance of toxins. The contributions of Th2 cell-derived cytokines to eosinophilia (IL-5), IgE class-switch, and epithelial barrier activation, mucous secretion, and metaplasia (IL-4 and IL-13) in asthma, allergic rhinitis with polyps and atopic dermatitis have led to anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody treatments. Anti-IL-5 neutralizing monoclonal antibody in asthma and anti-IL-4/IL-13 receptor neutralizing monoclonal antibody in asthma and atopic dermatitis are proven successful therapies in appropriately selected patients who are not sufficiently improved by conventional treatments.
Topics: Humans; Th2 Cells; Dermatitis, Atopic; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Asthma; Cytokines; Rhinitis, Allergic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 38372961
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302584RR -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Many observational studies have been reported that patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases seem to have a higher risk of developing senile cataract, but the views...
BACKGROUND
Many observational studies have been reported that patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases seem to have a higher risk of developing senile cataract, but the views are not consistent. In order to minimize the influence of reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we performed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the genetic causal associations between autoimmune, allergic diseases and senile cataract.
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ten common autoimmune and allergic diseases were obtained from the IEU Open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database. Summary-level GWAS statistics for clinically diagnosed senile cataract were obtained from the FinnGen research project GWAS, which consisted of 59,522 individuals with senile cataracts and 312,864 control individuals. MR analysis was conducted using mainly inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and further sensitivity analysis was performed to test robustness.
RESULTS
As for ten diseases, IVW results confirmed that type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.05-1.08; = 2.24×10), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08; = 1.83×10), hypothyroidism (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.42-4.06; = 1.12×10), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; = 2.27×10), asthma (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; = 1.2×10) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02-1.11; = 2.15×10) were correlated with the risk of senile cataract. Celiac disease (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08; = 0.0437) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.10; = 0.0426) exhibited a suggestive connection with senile cataract after Bonferroni correction. These associations are consistent across weighted median and MR Egger methods, with similar causal estimates in direction and magnitude. Sensitivity analysis further proved that these associations were reliable.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the MR analysis showed that there were causal relationships between type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, allergic rhinitis and senile cataract. To clarify the possible role of autoimmune and allergy in the pathophysiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Autoimmune Diseases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Hypothyroidism; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Cataract
PubMed: 38585265
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325868 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2024For the first time 15 years ago, tablet allergen immunotherapy (T-AIT) formulations were approved by regulatory agencies for treating allergic rhinitis caused by grass... (Review)
Review
For the first time 15 years ago, tablet allergen immunotherapy (T-AIT) formulations were approved by regulatory agencies for treating allergic rhinitis caused by grass pollen in adults and children aged >5 years. Extensive evidences existed about effectiveness and safety of AIT. However, the safety profile is particularly compelling in children. Generally, T-AIT causes local reactions, mostly in the oral cavity, that are usually mild-to-moderate and often self-resolving. However, systemic allergic reactions are also observed with T-AIT, anaphylaxis representing the most fearsome adverse event, considering that it occurs in subjects treated for allergic rhinitis. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of patients reporting anaphylaxis because of T-AIT. Nine cases of anaphylactic reactions were reported in literature. Notably, no death was reported using T-AIT. This outcome was very important as it underscored the substantial safety of T-AIT. However, T-AIT deserves careful attention, mainly in the pediatric population. In this regard, after the first report of anaphylactic reaction at the first administration of T-AIT, manufacturers recommended that the first dose should be administered in a medical facility in the presence of staff with experience in managing anaphylaxis and the patient should be observed for at least 30 min. Interestingly, reported anaphylactic reactions were due to grass pollen extracts, with no report concerning other allergen extracts. However, it is relevant to note that anaphylactic reactions because of T-AIT are not reported in recent years.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Desensitization, Immunologic; Allergens; Tablets; Child; Pollen; Poaceae; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Adult; Rhinitis, Allergic; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38721958
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i3.990 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Dec 2023Noise is defined as unwanted sound. It may induce negative emotions and mental health problems and may even lead to increased suicide risk. However, the impact of noise...
BACKGROUND
Noise is defined as unwanted sound. It may induce negative emotions and mental health problems and may even lead to increased suicide risk. However, the impact of noise exposure on environmental diseases and disease severity is not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the association between night-time noise exposure and the prevalence of environmental diseases in South Korea.
METHODS
We conducted an analysis of the Environmental Disease Database provide by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2013 to 2017. After spatially interpolating the noise data provided by the National Noise Information System (NNIS), night-time noise values in the district level were obtained by calculating the mean noise values at the administrative district level. The linear regression analyses were performed to test the association between the age-standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) and the night-time noise exposure in the district level.
RESULTS
In areas with high night-time noise exposure (≥55 dB), the SPR for atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis were 1.0515 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.0508-1.0521) and 1.0202 (95 % CI:1.0201-1.0204), respectively, which were higher than those in the general population. The SPR for environmental diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, was 1.0104 (95 % CI:1.0103-1.0105). Additionally, a significant linear association was observed between the level of nocturnal noise exposure and the total hospitalization period for atopic dermatitis (β = 399.3, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
We provide evidence of a significant association between night-time environmental noise and environmental diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, we observed a significant linear association between night-time noise exposure and the severity of atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Risk Factors; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Disease Susceptibility
PubMed: 37979362
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115677 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Sep 2023The causal relationship between obesity and different allergic diseases remains controversial.
BACKGROUND
The causal relationship between obesity and different allergic diseases remains controversial.
METHODS
The Two Sample MR package and Phenoscanner database were used to obtain and filter Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data from the Open GWAS database. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to study the causal relationship between different levels of obesity and different allergic diseases. The data sets related to obesity and asthma were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the limma package. Cluster Profiler and GO plot packages were used for enrichment analysis to verify the results of MR analysis.
RESULTS
Two-sample MR analysis showed a causal relationship between obesity and childhood allergy (age < 16), allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis (P < 0.05). In addition, there was also a causal relationship between allergic asthma and obesity (P < 0.05), while there was no genetic causal relationship between obesity and allergic rhinitis, eczema, lactose intolerance and so on (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a causal relationship between both class 1 and class 2 obesity and childhood allergy (age < 16) (P < 0.05). Obesity class 1 was associated with allergic asthma, while obesity class 3 was associated with atopic dermatitis (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis shows that there were common DEGs between obesity and allergic asthma.
CONCLUSION
Obesity is a risk factor for childhood allergy (age < 16), allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis, while allergic asthma is also a risk factor for obesity. Class 1 and class 2 obesity are both causally associated with childhood allergy (age < 16). In addition, there is a causal relationship between milder obesity and allergic asthma, while heavier obesity is causally related to atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Humans; Child; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Asthma; Obesity; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37723557
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02636-9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The relationship between allergic diseases and the adverse outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a subject of...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between allergic diseases and the adverse outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a subject of controversy. This study aimed to investigate the association between allergic diseases and the incidence and severity of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS
Clinical data of individuals, including children and their parents, infected with SARS-CoV-2 from December 2022 to January 2023 in China were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis, including chi-squared tests, nonparametric analysis, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis, was used to examine the relationship between allergic diseases, prior medication, and the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS
There were 3,517 adults and 3,372 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection included in the study. Fever was found to occur at similar rates in children (86.5%) and adults (86.8%). However, other symptoms related to respiratory issues (such as cough and sore throat), neurological symptoms (headache, loss of smell, and loss of taste), and systemic symptoms (muscle soreness and weakness) were observed more frequently in adults ( < 0.001). Additionally, adults exhibited higher overall symptom scores, indicating greater severity. Allergic diseases were found to be associated with the incidence of certain SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms in both children and adults. Specifically, children with allergic rhinitis (AR) were observed to be more susceptible to upper respiratory symptoms (OR: 1.320, 95% CI: 1.081-1.611, = 0.006), while asthma patients were found to be more susceptible to severe respiratory symptoms (OR: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.250-2.411, = 0.001). Similar patterns were identified in adults. Furthermore, AR was also suggested to be a risk factor for symptom severity in both children (OR: 1.704, 95% CI: 1.314-2.209, < 0.001) and adults (OR: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.250-2.411, = 0.001). However, prior medication for allergic diseases did not exhibit a preventive effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Both children and adults with allergic diseases were found to be more prone to experiencing symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these symptoms tended to be more severe.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Rhinitis, Allergic; China
PubMed: 38204754
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284047 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Sep 2023The association between allergic diseases and the risk of mycobacterial disease is unclear.
BACKGROUND
The association between allergic diseases and the risk of mycobacterial disease is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between allergic diseases and mycobacterial diseases.
METHODS
This was a population-based cohort study of 3,838,680 individuals, without prior mycobacterial disease, who participated in the 2009 National Health Screening Exam. We evaluated the incidence of mycobacterial disease (tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacterial infection) in participants with allergic disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis) and those without allergic disease. We followed the cohort up until the date of mycobacterial disease diagnosis, follow-up loss, death, or December 2018.
RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 8.3 (interquartile range, 8.1-8.6) years, 0.6% of participants developed mycobacterial disease. The incidence of mycobacterial disease was significantly higher in those with allergic diseases than in those without allergic diseases (1.0 vs 0.7/1000 person-years; P < .001), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.10-1.17). Asthma (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.29-1.45) and allergic rhinitis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11) increased the hazard of mycobacterial disease, whereas atopic dermatitis did not. The association between allergic diseases and hazard of mycobacterial disease was more prominent in older (age ≥ 65 years, P for interaction = .012) and obese (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m, P for interaction < .001) participants.
CONCLUSION
Allergic diseases including asthma and allergic rhinitis were associated with an increased risk of mycobacterial disease, whereas atopic dermatitis was not.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37178766
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.044 -
BMC Immunology Jul 2023Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment in allergic rhinitis (AR), comprising long-term allergen administration and over three years of treatment....
BACKGROUND
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment in allergic rhinitis (AR), comprising long-term allergen administration and over three years of treatment. This study is carried out for revealing the mechanisms and key genes of AIT in AR.
METHODS
The present study utilized online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray expression profiling dataset GSE37157 and GSE29521 to analyze the hub genes changes related to AIT in AR. Based on limma package, differential expression analysis for the two groups (samples of allergic patients prior to AIT and samples of allergic patients undergoing AIT) was performed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEGs were conducted using DAVID database. A Protein-Protein Interaction network (PPI) was built and a significant network module was acquired by using Cytoscape software (Cytoscape, 3.7.2). Utilizing the miRWalk database, we identified potential gene biomarkers, constructed interaction networks of target genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) using Cytoscape software, and explore the cell type-specific expression patterns of these genes in peripheral blood using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE200107). Finally, we are using PCR to detect changes in the hub genes that are screened using the above method in peripheral blood before and after AIT treatment.
RESULTS
GSE37157 and GSE29521 included 28 and 13 samples, respectively. A total of 119 significantly co-upregulated DEGs and 33 co-downregulated DEGs were obtained from two datasets. The GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that protein transport, positive regulation of apoptotic process, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, T cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway and Apoptosis may be potential candidate therapeutic targets for AIT of AR. From the PPI network, 20 hub genes were obtained. Among them, the PPI sub-networks of CASP3, FOXO3, PIK3R1, PIK3R3, ATF4, and POLD3 screened out from our study have been identified as reliable predictors of AIT in AR, especially the PIK3R1.
CONCLUSION
Our analysis has identified novel gene signatures, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AIT in the treatment of AR.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic; Transcription Factors; MicroRNAs; Allergens; Immunotherapy; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
PubMed: 37430199
DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00556-1