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Med (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024Med discusses the future of CAR T cell therapy for autoimmune diseases with Dr. Fabian Müller, Senior Attending Physician and Head of the CAR T Cell Unit, Department...
Med discusses the future of CAR T cell therapy for autoimmune diseases with Dr. Fabian Müller, Senior Attending Physician and Head of the CAR T Cell Unit, Department of Medicine 5 (Hematology and Oncology), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
Topics: Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Germany; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
PubMed: 38878762
DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.04.004 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... May 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Autoimmune Diseases; Animals
PubMed: 38724167
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.033 -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Oct 2023Many studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to autoimmune diseases (ADs). Studies on gut microbiota and ADs have also increased significantly, but no...
Many studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to autoimmune diseases (ADs). Studies on gut microbiota and ADs have also increased significantly, but no bibliometric analysis has summarized the association between gut microbiota and ADs. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of published studies on gut microbiota and ADs. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection SCI-expanded database, we utilize Excel 2019 and visualization analysis tools VOSviewer and co-occurrence13.2 (COOC13.2) for analysis. A total of 2516 related kinds of literature were included, and the number of papers presented an overall increasing trend. The country/region with the most publications is the USA, the institution is the Harvard Medical School, and the author is Mikael Knip from the USA. Hot research areas include intestinal regulation (such as dysbiosis, short chain fatty acids, and probiotics), multisystem ADs (such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease), and immune-related cells (such as T cells, and dendritic cells). Psoriasis, dysbiosis, autoimmune liver disease, and fecal microbiota transplantation may be the future research direction. Our research results can help researchers grasp the current status of ADs and gut microbiota research and find new research directions in the future.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Autoimmune Diseases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bibliometrics
PubMed: 36859447
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01028-x -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms. ADs are polygenic disorders and associations with genes both in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and outside of it have been described. Previous studies have shown that they are highly comorbid with shared genetic risk factors, while epidemiological studies revealed associations between various lifestyle and health-related phenotypes and ADs.
METHODS
Here, for the first time, we performed a comparative polygenic risk score (PRS) - Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) for 11 different ADs (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vitiligo Late Onset, Vitiligo Early Onset) and 3,254 phenotypes available in the UK Biobank that include a wide range of socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the genetic relationships of the studied ADs, calculating their genetic correlation and conducting cross-disorder GWAS meta-analyses for the observed AD clusters.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 508 phenotypes significantly associated with at least one AD PRS. 272 phenotypes were significantly associated after excluding variants in the HLA region from the PRS estimation. Through genetic correlation and genetic factor analyses, we identified four genetic factors that run across studied ADs. Cross-trait meta-analyses within each factor revealed pleiotropic genome-wide significant loci.
DISCUSSION
Overall, our study confirms the association of different factors with genetic susceptibility for ADs and reveals novel observations that need to be further explored.
Topics: Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; HLA Antigens; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Vitiligo
PubMed: 37809097
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147573 -
Clinics in Liver Disease Feb 2024Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immunologic disorder in which the immune system targets the liver. The disease has a genetic basis and this accounts for the... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immunologic disorder in which the immune system targets the liver. The disease has a genetic basis and this accounts for the epidemiologic variation observed in serologic testing and clinical presentation across different populations. The incidence of AIH increases with age into the 70s and seems to be increasing in prevalence. Most patients test positive for antinuclear antibody, ASMA, or anti-LKM but about 20% of patients do not have these serologic markers. At clinical presentation, patients may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, have acute liver failure, or decompensated cirrhosis.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Autoantibodies; Antibodies, Antinuclear
PubMed: 37945151
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.06.002 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Splenectomy; Thymectomy; Autoimmunity
PubMed: 38382859
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103518 -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Nov 2023Clinical observations suggest that the prevalence of autoimmune diseases is changing over time. Both autoimmune liver diseases and multiple sclerosis have shown a... (Review)
Review
Clinical observations suggest that the prevalence of autoimmune diseases is changing over time. Both autoimmune liver diseases and multiple sclerosis have shown a significant increase in the last decades. Although the coexistence of autoimmune diseases within individuals and families is a common phenomenon, the extent to which liver disease and multiple sclerosis co-occur is not clear. Case reports and few studies have reported the possible coexistence of multiple sclerosis with thyroid diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is unknown whether there is a definite association between multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver diseases. We reviewed the literature to summarize the available studies on the association between different autoimmune liver diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and treated or untreated multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Autoimmune Diseases; Liver Diseases; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Psoriasis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
PubMed: 37421590
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01128-8 -
Gastroenterology Jun 2024Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic immune-mediated condition triggered by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. Approximately 1% of the general... (Review)
Review
Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic immune-mediated condition triggered by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. Approximately 1% of the general population is affected by the disorder. Disease presentation is heterogeneous and, despite growing awareness among physicians and the public, it continues to be underestimated. The most effective strategy for identifying undiagnosed CeD is proactive case finding through serologic testing in high-risk groups. We reviewed the most recent evidence on the association between CeD and more than 20 conditions. In light of this review, CeD screening is recommended in individuals with (1) autoimmune disease and accompanying symptoms suggestive of CeD; (2) diseases that may mimic CeD (eg, irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and microscopic colitis); and (3) among patients with conditions with a high CeD prevalence: first-degree relatives, idiopathic pancreatitis, unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, hyposplenism or functional asplenia with severe bacterial infection, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis, recurrent aphthous syndrome and enamel defects, unexplained ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, delayed menarche or premature menopause, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, IgA nephropathy, and IgA deficiency. CeD serology should be the initial step in the screening process. However, for patients with any of the aforementioned disorders who are undergoing upper endoscopy, biopsies should be performed to rule out CeD.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Serologic Tests; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38460606
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044 -
Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Sep 2023HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or... (Review)
Review
HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and mediate early inflammatory and immune response when it is translocated to the extracellular space. The binding of extracellular HMGB1 to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR2 and TLR4 transforms HMGB1 into a pro-inflammatory cytokine, contributing to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. TLRs, which are members of a family of pattern recognition receptors, can bind to endogenous DAMPs and activate the innate immune response. Additionally, TLRs are key signaling molecules mediating the immune response and play a critical role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune balance. HMGB1 and TLRs are reported to be upregulated in several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune thyroid disease. The expression levels of HMGB1 and some TLRs are upregulated in tissues of patients with autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmune diseases. The suppression of HMGB1 and TLRs inhibits the progression of inflammation in animal models. Thus, HMGB1 and TLRs are indispensable biomarkers and important therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review provides comprehensive strategies for treating or preventing autoimmune diseases discovered in recent years.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; HMGB1 Protein; Toll-Like Receptors; Humans
PubMed: 37667233
DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00717-3 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Sep 2023A growing body of evidence underscores the relevance of functional autoantibodies in the development of various pathogenic conditions but also in the regulation of... (Review)
Review
A growing body of evidence underscores the relevance of functional autoantibodies in the development of various pathogenic conditions but also in the regulation of homeostasis. However, the definition of functional autoantibodies varies among studies and a comprehensive overview on this emerging topic is missing. Here, we do not only explain functional autoantibodies but also summarize the mechanisms underlying the effect of such autoantibodies including receptor activation or blockade, induction of receptor internalization, neutralization of ligands or other soluble extracellular antigens, and disruption of protein-protein interactions. In addition, in this review article we discuss potential triggers of production of functional autoantibodies, including infections, immune deficiency and tumor development. Finally, we describe the contribution of functional autoantibodies to autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, pure red cell aplasia, autoimmune encephalitis, pemphigus, acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and systemic sclerosis, as well as non-autoimmune disorders such as allograft rejection, infectious diseases and asthma.
Topics: Humans; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Myasthenia Gravis; Pemphigus; Encephalitis; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
PubMed: 37352904
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103386