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Nature Neuroscience Oct 2023Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However, interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts... (Review)
Review
Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However, interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception, cognition and action to ensure the integrity of the organism. Focusing on cardiac, respiratory and gastric rhythms, we review evidence that interoception is anatomically and functionally intertwined with the processing of signals from the external environment. Interactions arise at all stages, from the peripheral transduction of interoceptive signals to sensory processing and cortical integration, in a network that extends beyond core interoceptive regions. Interoceptive rhythms contribute to functions ranging from perceptual detection up to sense of self, or conversely compete with external inputs. Renewed interest in interoception revives long-standing issues on how the brain integrates and coordinates information in distributed regions, by means of oscillatory synchrony, predictive coding or multisensory integration. Considering interoception and exteroception in the same framework paves the way for biological modes of information processing specific to living organisms.
Topics: Awareness; Brain; Cognition; Sensation; Interoception; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37697110
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01425-1 -
Pediatric Emergency Care Nov 2023Human mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease that causes a smallpox-like infection in humans. The mpox virus, the causative agent of mpox, was first...
Human mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease that causes a smallpox-like infection in humans. The mpox virus, the causative agent of mpox, was first reported to cause human disease in a 9-month-old infant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970. Since that time, periodic outbreaks in primarily endemic regions have occurred, typically secondary to transmission from wildlife reservoirs. However, in May 2022, after a rapid rise in worldwide cases in largely nonendemic countries, the World Health Organization declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of January 2022, more than 80,000 cases of mpox in nonendemic countries have occurred, and more than 25,000 cases in the United States alone. Most of these cases occurred in adults, with the highest frequency among men who had sex with men. Children and adolescents represented only 0.3% of US cases as of September 2022, with most infections in young children the result of direct contact with an infected household member. Although infection remains uncommon in US children and teens, pediatric emergency and urgent care providers should be aware of the clinical features, treatment, and prophylaxis of this important emerging infectious disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Infant; Male; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Mpox (monkeypox); Awareness; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 37902655
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000003063 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Sep 2023International travel can cause new illness or exacerbate existing conditions. Because primary care providers are frequent sources of health advice to travelers, they... (Review)
Review
International travel can cause new illness or exacerbate existing conditions. Because primary care providers are frequent sources of health advice to travelers, they should be familiar with destination-specific disease risks, be knowledgeable about travel and routine vaccines, be prepared to prescribe chemoprophylaxis and self-treatment regimens, and be aware of travel medicine resources. Primary care providers should recognize travelers who would benefit from referral to a specialized travel clinic for evaluation. Those requiring yellow fever vaccination, immunocompromised hosts, pregnant persons, persons with multiple comorbid conditions, or travelers with complex itineraries may warrant specialty referral.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Travel Medicine; Medicine; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Awareness; Chemoprevention
PubMed: 37696033
DOI: 10.7326/AITC202309190 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Analgesics, Opioid; Awareness
PubMed: 37420051
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-2814-2 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Iatrogenic Disease; Awareness
PubMed: 37828306
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-3071-0 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Oct 2023The incidence of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)- induced leukoencephalopathy is <5% among the patients treated with this agent. It may present with disorientation, confusion,...
The incidence of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)- induced leukoencephalopathy is <5% among the patients treated with this agent. It may present with disorientation, confusion, agitation, seizure, and coma. It should be suspected when patients present with any of these symptoms during or immediately after 5FU chemotherapy. Early detection of drug-induced leukoencephalopathy is important as the clinical symptoms can be reversed by early discontinuation of the drug. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of this adverse neurologic effect of 5FU. We describe the case of a 35-year-old female with carcinoma esophagus with 5FU-induced leukoencephalopathy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Awareness; Carcinoma; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fluorouracil; Leukoencephalopathies
PubMed: 38376324
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2165_21 -
Annals of Neurology Sep 2023Unawareness of a deficit, anosognosia, can occur for visual or motor deficits and lends insight into awareness itself; however, lesions associated with anosognosia occur...
OBJECTIVE
Unawareness of a deficit, anosognosia, can occur for visual or motor deficits and lends insight into awareness itself; however, lesions associated with anosognosia occur in many different brain locations.
METHODS
We analyzed 267 lesion locations associated with either vision loss (with and without awareness) or weakness (with and without awareness). The network of brain regions connected to each lesion location was computed using resting-state functional connectivity from 1,000 healthy subjects. Both domain specific and cross-modal associations with awareness were identified.
RESULTS
The domain-specific network for visual anosognosia demonstrated connectivity to visual association cortex and posterior cingulate while motor anosognosia was defined by insula, supplementary motor area, and anterior cingulate connectivity. A cross-modal anosognosia network was defined by connectivity to the hippocampus and precuneus (false discovery rate p < 0.05).
INTERPRETATION
Our results identify distinct network connections associated with visual and motor anosognosia and a shared, cross-modal network for awareness of deficits centered on memory-related brain structures. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:434-441.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Brain; Agnosia; Cerebral Cortex; Gyrus Cinguli; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37289520
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26709 -
The International Journal of Clinical... 2023The present scoping review reports the reciprocal relations between hypnotizability, interoception, and emotion. Brain morpho-functional differences may account for the... (Review)
Review
The present scoping review reports the reciprocal relations between hypnotizability, interoception, and emotion. Brain morpho-functional differences may account for the lower interoceptive accuracy, higher interoceptive sensitivity, and different emotional strategies observed in highly hypnotizable participants with respect to medium-to-low hypnotizables. Since interoception is relevant to both physical and mental health and hypnotizability can predict both interoceptive abilities and the efficacy of interoception-based mental training, this allows for the development of new forms of treatment and rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Interoception; Hypnosis; Emotions; Brain; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37363858
DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2226188 -
British Dental Journal Nov 2023As the rate of new mouth cancer diagnoses continues to increase in the UK, awareness of risk factors and signs and symptoms remains low. This paper focuses on studies... (Review)
Review
As the rate of new mouth cancer diagnoses continues to increase in the UK, awareness of risk factors and signs and symptoms remains low. This paper focuses on studies showing UK public awareness of risk factors, including alcohol, tobacco and human papillomavirus, as well as public understanding of signs and symptoms of mouth cancer. It includes a review of the effectiveness of campaigns in raising awareness of mouth cancer and examples of campaigns targeting other common cancers or risk factors that may provide useful learning ahead of upcoming mouth cancer campaigns. In addition, the awareness of the wider healthcare team and the importance of their role in identifying mouth cancer is explored. Current live campaigns in the UK are highlighted ahead of future initiatives now that the Mouth Cancer Action Charter has been launched and two new coalitions have been established.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Health Personnel; Risk Factors; United Kingdom; Delivery of Health Care; Awareness; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 38001210
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6490-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023So far, quite a few studies have revealed that systemic iron levels are related to asthmatic inflammatory reactions. And most studies have focused on the correlation...
BACKGROUND
So far, quite a few studies have revealed that systemic iron levels are related to asthmatic inflammatory reactions. And most studies have focused on the correlation between systemic iron levels and asthma, with inconsistent findings. Yet, few studies have investigated the connection between serum iron and blood eosinophil counts. Hence, we have explored the connection between serum iron and blood eosinophil counts in asthmatics by utilizing data from NHANES.
METHODS
A total of 2549 individuals were included in our study after screening NHANES participants from 2011 to 2018. The linear regression model and XGBoost model were used to discuss the potential connection. Linear or nonlinear association was further confirmed by the generalized additive model and the piecewise linear regression model. And we also performed stratified analyses to figure out specific populations.
RESULTS
In the multivariable linear regression models, we discovered that serum iron levels were inversely related to blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic adults. Simultaneously, we found that for every unit increase in serum iron (umol/L), blood eosinophil counts reduced by 1.41/uL in model 3, which adjusted for all variables excluding the analyzed variables. Furthermore, the XGBoost model of machine learning was applied to assess the relative importance of chosen variables, and it was determined that vitamin C intake, age, vitamin B12 intake, iron intake, and serum iron were the five most important variables on blood eosinophil counts. And the generalized additive model and piecewise linear regression model further verify this linear and inverse association.
CONCLUSION
Our investigation discovered that the linear and inverse association of serum iron with blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic adults, indicating that serum iron might be related to changes in the immunological state of asthmatics. Our work offers some new thoughts for next research on asthma management and therapy. Ultimately, we hope that more individuals become aware of the role of iron in the onset, development, and treatment of asthma.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Eosinophils; Nutrition Surveys; Asthma; Awareness; Iron
PubMed: 37731511
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201160