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Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jun 2024Xianlian Jiedu Decoction (XLJDD) has been used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) for several decades because of the prominent efficacy of the prescription....
BACKGROUND
Xianlian Jiedu Decoction (XLJDD) has been used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) for several decades because of the prominent efficacy of the prescription. Despite the clear clinical efficacy of XLJDD, the anti-CRC mechanism of action is still unclear.
PURPOSE
The inhibitory effect and mechanism of XLJDD on CRC were investigated in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced mice.
METHODS
The AOM/DSS-induced mice model was adopted to evaluate the efficacy after administering the different doses of XLJDD. The therapeutic effects of XLJDD in treating AOM/DSS-induced CRC were investigated through histopathology, immunofluorescence and ELISA analysis methods. In addition, metabolomics profile and 16S rRNA analysis were used to explore the effective mechanisms of XLJDD on CRC.
RESULTS
The results stated that the XLJDD reduced the number of tumor growth on the inner wall of the colon and the colorectal weight/length ratio, and suppressed the disease activity index (DAI) score, meanwhile XLJDD also increased body weight, colorectal length, and overall survival rate. The treatment of XLJDD also exhibited the ability to lower the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum and reduce the expression levels of β-catenin, COX-2, and iNOS protein in colorectal tissue. The findings suggested that XLJDD has anti-inflammatory properties and may provide relief for those suffering from inflammation-related conditions. Mechanistically, XLJDD improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid. This was achieved by reducing the abundance of Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and the levels of sphinganine, LPCs, and PCs. Additionally, XLJDD increased the abundance of Enterorhabdus and Alistipes probiotics, as well as the content of butyric acid and isovaleric acid.
CONCLUSION
The data presented in this article demonstrated that XLJDD can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon inner wall tumors by reducing the level of inflammation and alleviating intestinal microbial flora imbalance and metabolic disorders. It provides a scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of CRC.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Colorectal Neoplasms; Mice; Male; Dextran Sulfate; Azoxymethane; Disease Models, Animal; Metabolome; Colon
PubMed: 38569292
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155385 -
Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham) Sep 2023Herein, recent developments for Selectfluor-mediated C-H functionalization of N-heteroarenes are described. This type of C-H bond activation is an attractive and... (Review)
Review
Herein, recent developments for Selectfluor-mediated C-H functionalization of N-heteroarenes are described. This type of C-H bond activation is an attractive and competitive alternative to traditional methodologies, allowing the functionalization of a variety of chemical functions. In addition, Selectfluor is a more sustainable and economically accessible oxidant compared with expensive/toxic metals or hazardous peroxides. For a practical understanding, the current review classified systematically the reported strategies in four subsections as follows: (1) carbon-carbon formation, (2) carbon-nitrogen bond formation, (3) carbon-chalcogen bond, and (4) carbon-halogen bond formation. Mechanistic aspects and reaction conditions are fully discussed to provide an understanding of the aspects that govern C-H functionalization in N-heteroarenes mediated by Selectfluor.
Topics: Carbon; Diazonium Compounds; Nitrogen; Peroxides
PubMed: 37736818
DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00437-6 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jan 2024Tetranucleotide repeat domain protein 39B (TTC39B) was found to combine with ubiquitin ligase E3, and promote the ubiquitination modification of liver X receptor (LXR),...
BACKGROUND
Tetranucleotide repeat domain protein 39B (TTC39B) was found to combine with ubiquitin ligase E3, and promote the ubiquitination modification of liver X receptor (LXR), which led to the inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport and development of atherosclerosis. QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ) is a modern Chinese patent drug for treating ischemic cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanism is found to promote the expression of LXR-α/ ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) in the liver of atherosclerotic mice.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of QSYQ on TTC39B-LXR mediated reverse cholesterol transport in atherosclerotic mice.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Male apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice (7 weeks old) were fed with high-fat diet and treated with low dose of QSYQ (QSYQ-l, 0.3 g/kg·d), high dose of QSYQ (QSYQ-H, 1.2 g/kg·d) and LXR-α agonist (LXR-A, GW3965 10 mg/kg·d) for 8 weeks. C57BL/6 J mice were fed with normal diet and used as negative control. Oil red O staining, HE staining, ELISA, RNA sequencing, western blot, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, cell culture and RNA interference were performed to analyze the effect of QSYQ on atherosclerosis.
RESULTS
HE staining showed that QSYQ reduced the atherosclerotic lesion significantly when compared to the control group. ELISA measurement showed that QSYQ decreased serum VLDL and increased serum ApoA1. Oil Red O staining showed that QSYQ reduced the lipid content of liver and protect liver function. Comparative transcriptome RNA-sequence of liver showed that DEGs after QSYQ treatment enriched in high-density lipoprotein particle, ubiquitin ligase complex, bile secretion, etc. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot proved that QSYQ increased the protein expression of hepatic SR-B1, LXR-α, LXR-β, CYP7A1 and ABCG5. Targeted inhibiting Ttc39b gene in vitro further established that QSYQ inhibited the gene expression of Ttc39b, increased the protein expression of SR-B1, LXR-α/β, CYP7A1 and ABCG5 in rat hepatocyte.
CONCLUSION
Our results demonstrated the new anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of QSYQ by targeting TTC39B-LXR mediated reverse cholesterol transport in liver. QSYQ not only promoted reverse cholesterol transport, but also improved fatty liver and protected liver function.
Topics: Male; Mice; Rats; Animals; Liver X Receptors; Lipoproteins; Cholesterol; Orphan Nuclear Receptors; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Liver; Mice, Knockout; Atherosclerosis; Azo Compounds; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 37951148
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155192 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2023In the present study we investigated the capacities of a panel of 25 solid sorbents represented by layered structures, inorganic oxides and hydroxides, and...
In the present study we investigated the capacities of a panel of 25 solid sorbents represented by layered structures, inorganic oxides and hydroxides, and phyllosilicates, to effectively remove in high yield Tartrazine (E102) and Brilliant Blue FCF (E133) from aqueous solutions, and more notable, green colored food matrices. Quantification of the title compounds have been achieved by HPLC-DAD analyses. Contents of E102 and E133 in real samples were in the range 1.3-36.5 μg/mL and 1.0-20.1 μg/mL, respectively. After a treatment of 1 min., in most cases a complete bleaching of solutions and deep coloring of the solid phase was recorded. The most effective solids to this aim were seen to be aluminium based ayered double hydroxides. In the case of magnesium oxide for E102, and magnesium aluminium D. benzensulfonate SDS 01 H8L and Florisil for E133, a selective adsorption (>99.9 %) of only one dye was observed. The adsorption recorded was strictly dependent on the loading of the sorbent. Related values were 300 mg for the separation of E102 by magnesium oxide from all the five food matrices under investigation, and in the range 200 mg-300 mg for magnesium aluminium D. benzensulfonate SDS 01 H8L and Florisil in the case of E133. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich models suggested that the adsorption may take place in the inner layers of the solids with a favourable thermodynamique outcome. Findings described herein offer the concrete possibility of quantifications of individual dyes in matrices containing more than one food colorant.
Topics: Tartrazine; Aluminum; Magnesium; Magnesium Oxide; Beverages; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37689866
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113094 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Jun 2024Carbene-based bioadhesives have favourable attributes for tissue adhesion, including non-specific bonding to wet and dry tissues, but suffer from relatively weak...
Carbene-based bioadhesives have favourable attributes for tissue adhesion, including non-specific bonding to wet and dry tissues, but suffer from relatively weak fracture strength after photocuring. Light irradiation of carbene-precursor (diazirine) also creates inert side products that are absent under thermal activation. Herein, a dual activation method combines light irradiation at elevated temperatures for the evaluation of diazirine depletion and effects on cohesive properties. A customized photo/thermal-rheometer evaluates viscoelastic properties, correlated to the kinetics of carbene:diazoalkane ratios via F NMR). The latter exploits the sensitive -CF functional group to determine joule-based light/temperature kinetics on trifluoroaryl diazirine consumption. The combination of heat and photoactivation produced bioadhesives that are 3× tougher compared to control. Dual thermal/light irradiation may be a strategy to improve viscoelastic dissipation and toughness of photo-activated adhesive resins.
Topics: Methane; Diazomethane; Viscosity; Tissue Adhesives; Light; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38431774
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303666 -
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Sep 2023Several studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we...
BACKGROUND
Several studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a delactosed buffalo milk whey by-product (DMW) on colorectal carcinogenesis.
METHODS
The effect of DMW on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was investigated in the established mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinoma, which closely resembles the human clinical condition of CRC. The effect of DMW on CRC immortalized cell lines was also evaluated to further identify the antineoplastic mechanism of action.
RESULTS
Pretreatment of AOM-treated mice with DMW significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of mice bearing both aberrant crypt foci with more than four crypts (which are early precancerous lesions that progress to CRC) and tumors. In addition, DMW completely counteracted the effect of AOM on protein expression of caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase in colonic tissue. Administration of DMW alone (i.e. without AOM) resulted in changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, leading to enrichment or depletion of genera associated with health and disease, respectively. DMW was also able to restore AOM-induced changes in specific genera of the gut microbiota. Specifically, DMW reduced the genera Atopobiaceae, Ruminococcus 1 and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 and increased the genera Parabacteroides and Candidatus Saccharimonas, which were increased and reduced, respectively, by AOM. Blood levels of butyric acid and cancer diagnostic markers (5-methylcytidine and glycerophosphocholine), which were increased by AOM treatment, were reduced by DMW. Furthermore, DMW exerted cytotoxic effects on two human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) and these effects were associated with the induction of apoptotic signaling.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that DMW exerts chemopreventive effects and restores the gut microbiota in AOM-induced CRC, and induces cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. DMW could be an important dietary supplement to support a healthy gut microbiota and reduce the prevalence of CRC in humans. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Whey; Buffaloes; Milk; Carcinogenesis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Azoxymethane; Butyric Acid
PubMed: 37730576
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01271-5 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2023Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and are implicated in the literature as potentially allergenic. In the indoor...
Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and are implicated in the literature as potentially allergenic. In the indoor environment, these dyes may be shed from various textiles, including clothing and upholstery and accumulate in dust particles potentially leading to exposure in young children who have higher exposure to chemicals associated with dust due to their crawling and mouthing behaviors. Children may be more vulnerable to dye exposure due to their developing immune systems, and therefore, it is critical to characterize azobenzene disperse dyes in children's home environments. Here, we investigate azobenzene disperse dyes and related compounds in house dust samples (n = 124) that were previously analyzed for flame retardants, phthalates, pesticides and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to support both targeted and suspect screening of dyes in dust. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if dye concentrations were related to demographic information. Detection frequencies for 12 target dyes ranged from 11% to 89%; of the dyes that were detected in at least 50% of the samples, geometric mean levels ranged from 32.4 to 360 ng/g. Suspect screening analysis identified eight additional high-abundance azobenzene compounds in dust. Some dyes were correlated to numerous flame retardants and several antimicrobials, and statistically higher levels of some dyes were observed in homes of non-Hispanic Black mothers than in homes of non-Hispanic white mothers. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of azobenzene disperse dyes in house dust to date. Future studies are needed to quantify additional dyes in dust and to examine exposure pathways of dyes in indoor environments where children are concerned.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Dust; Flame Retardants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Azo Compounds; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 37709124
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122491 -
Chemosphere Dec 2023Metals-loaded (Fe, Cu and Zn) activated carbons (M@AC) with different loading ratios (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10%) were prepared and employed for catalytic degradation of...
Metals-loaded (Fe, Cu and Zn) activated carbons (M@AC) with different loading ratios (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10%) were prepared and employed for catalytic degradation of dye model compounds (crystal violet (CV) and methyl orange (MO)) in wastewater by heterogeneous Fenton-like technique. Compared with Cu@AC and Zn@AC, 0.5% Fe loaded AC (0.5Fe@AC) had better catalytic activity for dyes degradation. The effects of dyes initial concentration, catalyst dosage, pH and hydrogen peroxide (HO) volume on the catalytic degradation process were investigated. Cyclic performance, stability of 0.5Fe@AC and iron leaching were explored. Degradation kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (Langmuir-Hinshelwood). Almost complete decolorization (99.7%) of 400 mg L CV was achieved after 30 min reaction under the conditions of CV volume (30 mL), catalyst dosage (0.05 g), HO volume (1 mL) and pH (7.7). Decolorization of MO reached 98.2% under the same conditions. The abilities of pyrolysis char (PC) of dyeing sludge (DS) and metal loaded carbon to remove dye pollutants were compared. The intermediate products were analyzed and the possible degradation pathway was proposed. This study provided an insight into catalytic degradation of triphenylmethane- and aromatic azo-based substances, and utilization of sludge char.
Topics: Gentian Violet; Sewage; Hydrogen Peroxide; Azo Compounds; Metals; Coloring Agents; Catalysis
PubMed: 37827464
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140406 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023ZnS/CuFeO/MXene (ZSCFOM) composite with ternary heterostructures was prepared by solvothermal methods for the first time to effectively adsorb and photodegrade the azo...
ZnS/CuFeO/MXene ternary heterostructure photocatalyst for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes under visible light: Synergistic effect, mechanism, and application.
ZnS/CuFeO/MXene (ZSCFOM) composite with ternary heterostructures was prepared by solvothermal methods for the first time to effectively adsorb and photodegrade the azo dyes. ZSCFOM mainly adsorbed azo dyes through the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, with saturated adsorption capacities of 377 mg g for direct brown M and 390 mg g for direct black RN. ZSCFOM exhibited both characteristics of Schott heterostructure and p-n heterostructure, but it is not a simple superposition of the two heterostructures, but rather achieves better photocatalytic property. ZSCFOM performed a higher separation efficiency of electrons and holes than pure CuFeO and pure ZnS. Under visible light, ZSCFOM was more effective in removing the azo dyes than MXene, CuFeO, ZnS, CuFeO/MXene, ZnS/MXene, and ZnS/CuFeO. The migration pathways of photogenerated carriers in ZSCFOM were inferred as that the electrons were concentrated in MXene and conduction band of ZnS, and holes were gathered in valence band of CuFeO. MXene served as a cocatalyst to accelerate the separation of electrons and holes. ZSCFOM mainly degraded DBM and DBRN by catalyzing the generation of holes, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals. The 100% of 0.05 g L azo dyes were removed by ZSCFOM within 30 min from the environmental water systems.
Topics: Adsorption; Azo Compounds; Light
PubMed: 37572707
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139797 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Dec 2023Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship has...
SCOPE
Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been validated. This study aims to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of yogurt on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in mice.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Experimental CAC is induced by azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg kg , ip) followed by three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 3%) treatment. Colitis is induced by adding DSS (3%) in drinking water for 5 days. Primary mouse macrophages are isolated for mechanistic studies. Data clearly show that yogurt (15 g kg body weight) significantly reduces the multiplicity of colonic neoplasms by 38.83% in mice. Yogurt protects mice from colitis dependent on lactate receptor GPR81. The deficiency of Gpr81 exacerbates colitis and CAC in mice. Further investigation reveals that GPR81 may be dispensable for gut barrier function but essential for colonic mucosal repair. d-lactate in yogurt can activate GPR81 to suppress proinflammatory macrophage polarization, thereby facilitating inflammatory resolution after colonic injury and consequently suppressing CAC progression.
CONCLUSION
Yogurt effectively protects against colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in mice, and this study provides a rationale for introducing yogurt supplementation to patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colitis-Associated Neoplasms; Yogurt; Colitis; Lactates; Dextran Sulfate; Azoxymethane; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37897323
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300444