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Sleep Medicine Clinics Mar 2024Trauma-associated sleep disorder (TASD) is a recently described parasomnia that develops following a traumatic event. It consists of trauma-related nightmares,... (Review)
Review
Trauma-associated sleep disorder (TASD) is a recently described parasomnia that develops following a traumatic event. It consists of trauma-related nightmares, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, and autonomic disturbances, and shares similarities with post-traumatic stress disorder and rapid eye movement behavior disorder. The underlying pathophysiology of TASD and how it relates to other parasomnias are still not entirely understood; proposed treatment is similarly nebulous, with prazosin at the forefront along with management of comorbid sleep disorders. The purpose of this article is to characterize and highlight the clinical features of this condition.
Topics: Humans; Polysomnography; Sleep Wake Disorders; Parasomnias; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Dreams
PubMed: 38368073
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.005 -
Critical Care Nursing QuarterlyMental health illness has been increasing worldwide. The prevalence of mental illness and is higher among females than among males. It is estimated that one in 5 women... (Review)
Review
Mental health illness has been increasing worldwide. The prevalence of mental illness and is higher among females than among males. It is estimated that one in 5 women experience a common mental health disorder. This article highlights gender disparities in the risk, prevalence, and presentation of different mental health disorders. Nearly all survivors of critical illness experience 1 or more domains of the post-intensive care syndrome. We review different mental health disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and post-intensive care syndrome, and medications used to manage these disorders. Delirium in the intensive care unit can be misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder and is important to distinguish from each other. We also highlight the inadequacy of surveillance and recognition of mental health disorders in the intensive care unit, leading to missed opportunities to properly manage these important psychiatric conditions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Critical Illness; Intensive Care Units; Mental Disorders; Mental Health
PubMed: 37684730
DOI: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000471 -
Microbiome Sep 2023Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cerebral small vessel disease that carries mutations in NOTCH3....
BACKGROUND
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cerebral small vessel disease that carries mutations in NOTCH3. The clinical manifestations are influenced by genetic and environmental factors that may include gut microbiome.
RESULTS
We investigated the fecal metagenome, fecal metabolome, serum metabolome, neurotransmitters, and cytokines in a cohort of 24 CADASIL patients with 28 healthy household controls. The integrated-omics study showed CADASIL patients harbored an altered microbiota composition and functions. The abundance of bacterial coenzyme A, thiamin, and flavin-synthesizing pathways was depleted in patients. Neurotransmitter balance, represented by the glutamate/GABA (4-aminobutanoate) ratio, was disrupted in patients, which was consistent with the increased abundance of two major GABA-consuming bacteria, Megasphaera elsdenii and Eubacterium siraeum. Essential inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in patients, accompanied by an increased abundance of bacterial virulence gene homologs. The abundance of patient-enriched Fusobacterium varium positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Random forest classification based on gut microbial species, serum cytokines, and neurotransmitters showed high predictivity for CADASIL with AUC = 0.89. Targeted culturomics and mechanisms study further showed that patient-derived F. varium infection caused systemic inflammation and behavior disorder in Notch3 mice potentially via induction of caspase-8-dependent noncanonical inflammasome activation in macrophages.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested the potential linkage among the brain-gut-microbe axis in CADASIL. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Mice; CADASIL; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mental Disorders; Cytokines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 37684694
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01638-3 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2023To explore the causal relationship between dietary habits and five major mental disorders using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the causal relationship between dietary habits and five major mental disorders using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
This study was based on the summary data of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on diet and five major mental disorders in the European population. The genetic locus data of five major mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia) from those who never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, and sugar were used. Two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between diet and five major mental disorders.
RESULTS
This study revealed a causal relationship between "Never eat Wheat products" and all five types of mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia), demonstrating a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05). However, no significant causal relationship was observed between "Never eat Sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar" and any of the five mental disorders (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the study found that the statement "Never eat eggs, dairy, wheat, sugar: I eat all of the above" had a causal relationship with mania, bipolar disorder, and manic depression, showing a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05). However, this statement did not exhibit a significant causal relationship with depression and schizophrenia (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
There was a negative correlation between never eating wheat products and the five mental disorders (mania, bipolar disorder, manic depression, depression, schizophrenia), indicating that never eating wheat products may reduce the risk of mental disorders.
Topics: Humans; Mania; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Mental Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Sugars
PubMed: 37598719
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.098 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Aug 2023This article reviews rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and other REM sleep parasomnias, particularly recurrent isolated sleep paralysis and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and other REM sleep parasomnias, particularly recurrent isolated sleep paralysis and nightmare disorder.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
People with RBD have dream enactment behaviors that can be distressing and cause injuries to themselves or a bed partner. Diagnosis of RBD still requires video polysomnography but new evaluative techniques are emerging. Automatic scoring of REM sleep without atonia, the polysomnographic RBD feature, has led to clearer diagnostic cutoff values. Isolated RBD is strongly linked with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly α-synucleinopathies, with a median latency to neurodegenerative disease diagnosis of 8 years. Mounting imaging, electrophysiologic, and pathologic evidence supports neurodegenerative changes in patients with isolated RBD. Safety precautions should be reviewed with patients to reduce the risk of injury. Clonazepam and melatonin are first-line agents for RBD symptoms, and rivastigmine appears to be beneficial for RBD in people with mild cognitive impairment. For nightmare disorder, image rehearsal therapy is effective and can be delivered through online platforms.
ESSENTIAL POINTS
While RBD symptoms can often be managed, patients with isolated RBD should be monitored for signs and symptoms of impending neurodegenerative disease. Individuals who wish to know about the associated risk should be counseled accordingly to allow planning and involvement in research if they choose. Exercise may have some neuroprotective effects, although no treatment has been shown to modify the neurodegenerative risk.
Topics: Humans; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parasomnias; REM Sleep Parasomnias; Cognitive Dysfunction
PubMed: 37590824
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001293 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... 2024
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Europe; Mental Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Mental Health Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Services Needs and Demand
PubMed: 38725366
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000977 -
Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische... Feb 2024Primaryemotions and attachment in mental disorder Objectives: There is increasing evidence for associations between primary emotions and attachment with mental illness....
UNLABELLED
Primaryemotions and attachment in mental disorder Objectives: There is increasing evidence for associations between primary emotions and attachment with mental illness. This study illuminates the mediation relationship of these psychodynamic constructs in relation to psychiatric disorders.
METHODS
921 subjects (69.9 % female) were examined, who completed the questionnaires Brief Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales including a LUST Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised 8, and ICD-10 Symptom Rating online. A path analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediation effects of attachment anxiety.
RESULTS
A disease-specific pattern of direct associations between primary emotions, attachment anxiety, and psychological impairment emerged (all p < .01). Attachment exerted mediating effects primarily for SADNESS (p < .01), and to a lesser extent for LUST and CARE (p > .01).The model provided variance resolution ranging from7%(eating disorders) to 47%(depression).
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate the relevance of affective explanations regarding the development of psychological symptoms, as well as therapeutic implications.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Emotions; Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38229550
DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2024.70.oa1 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Nov 2023Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep, characterized by REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and dream enactment... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep, characterized by REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and dream enactment behavior (DEB). RBD is associated with several diseases and medications but most notably is a prodromal feature of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). This article reviews RBD, its treatments, and implications for PD therapeutics.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent research recognizes RBD as a prodromal marker of PD, resulting in expansion of basic science and clinical investigations of RBD. Current basic science research investigates the pathophysiology of RBD and explores animal models to allow therapeutic development. Clinical research has focused on natural history observation, as well as potential RBD treatments and their impact on sleep and phenoconversion to neurodegenerative disease. RBD serves as a fresh access point to develop both neuroprotective and symptomatic therapies in PD. These types of investigations are novel and will benefit from the more established basic science infrastructure to develop new interventions.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Synucleinopathies; Sleep
PubMed: 37831394
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01310-1 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Dec 2023REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of atonia of skeletal muscles during REM sleep, associated with acting out behaviors during dreams....
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of atonia of skeletal muscles during REM sleep, associated with acting out behaviors during dreams. Knowledge of this pathology is important to predict neurodegenerative diseases since there is a strong association of RBD with diseases caused by the deposition of alpha-synuclein in neurons (synucleinopathies), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Proper diagnosis of this condition will enable the use of future neuroprotective strategies before motor and cognitive symptoms. Diagnostic assessment should begin with a detailed clinical history with the patient and bed partner or roommate and the examination of any recorded home videos. Polysomnography (PSG) is necessary to verify the loss of sleep atonia and, when documented, the behaviors during sleep. Technical recommendations for PSG acquisition and analysis are defined in the AASM Manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events, and the PSG report should describe the percentage of REM sleep epochs that meet the criteria for RWA (REM without atonia) to better distinguish patients with and without RBD. Additionally, PSG helps rule out conditions that may mimic RBD, such as obstructive sleep apnea, non-REM sleep parasomnias, nocturnal epileptic seizures, periodic limb movements, and psychiatric disorders. Treatment of RBD involves guidance on protecting the environment and avoiding injuries to the patient and bed partner/roommate. Use of medications are also reviewed in the article. The development of neuroprotective medications will be crucial for future RBD therapy.
Topics: Humans; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Parkinson Disease; Movement; Multiple System Atrophy; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38157884
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777111 -
Psychiatrische Praxis Jul 2023The essential philosophical theories about love are contained in a poem and a fable. Although there are many connections between love, psychological experience and...
The essential philosophical theories about love are contained in a poem and a fable. Although there are many connections between love, psychological experience and psychiatric disorders, love seems to be suspect in psychiatry. Possibly it is a basic complex of psychiatry not only to withdraw from love, but also to exclude the fundamental issues of sexuality and parenting of the mentally ill.
Topics: Humans; Love; Germany; Sexuality; Sexual Behavior; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37429275
DOI: 10.1055/a-2055-8786