-
Cell Metabolism Nov 2023Overeating disorders (ODs), usually stemming from dieting history and stress, remain a pervasive issue in contemporary society, with the pathological mechanisms largely...
Overeating disorders (ODs), usually stemming from dieting history and stress, remain a pervasive issue in contemporary society, with the pathological mechanisms largely unresolved. Here, we show that alterations in intestinal microbiota are responsible for the excessive intake of palatable foods in OD mice and patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Stress combined with a history of dieting causes significant changes in the microbiota and the intestinal metabolism, which disinhibit the vagus nerve terminals in the gut and thereby lead to a subsequent hyperactivation of the gut-brain axis passing through the vagus, the solitary tract nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The transplantation of a probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or dietary supplement of key metabolites restores the activity of the gut-to-brain pathway and thereby alleviates the OD symptoms. Thus, our study delineates how the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates energy balance, unveils the underlying pathogenesis of the OD, and provides potential therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Brain-Gut Axis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Brain; Hyperphagia
PubMed: 37794596
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.005 -
Medicina Clinica Jan 2024Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders associated with life-threatening multisystemic medical complications. This narrative review aimed to present... (Review)
Review
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders associated with life-threatening multisystemic medical complications. This narrative review aimed to present the medical complications most related to these disorders. In anorexia nervosa, many of them are linked to malnutrition and underweight, usually reversible with renutrition and weight restoration, although refeeding can also be linked to some medical complications. Purging behaviors observed in the anorexia nervosa binge-purging subtype and bulimia nervosa have been mainly related to hydrolectrolyte and acid-base disturbances, in addition to local complications. Thus, an early identification and therapeutic intervention of these disorders is considered crucial. Integral medical monitoring should be ensured to prevent potential serious complications from the early stages, with the involvement of physicians, psychologists, nutritionists, and other specialists in a multidisciplinary approach according to the patient's needs.
Topics: Humans; Bulimia Nervosa; Anorexia; Anorexia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Malnutrition
PubMed: 37598049
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.07.028 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2023Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be severe conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social functions. Preoccupation with food, body weight, and shape may also play an important role in the regulation of eating disorders. Common eating disorders have three major types: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). In some cases, EDs can have serious consequences for an individual's physical and mental health. These disorders often develop during adolescence or early adulthood and affect both males and females, although they are more commonly diagnosed in young adult females. Treatment for EDs typically involves a combination of therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical care. In this narrative review, the authors summarized what is known of EDs and discussed the future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area.
Topics: Male; Female; Young Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight
PubMed: 37510558
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146325 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2024Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are easily missed in the emergency department, because patients may present with either low, normal, or increased BMI.... (Review)
Review
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are easily missed in the emergency department, because patients may present with either low, normal, or increased BMI. Careful examination for signs of purging and excessive use of laxatives and promotility agents is important. Careful examination for and documentation of dental erosions, posterior oropharyngeal bruising, Russel's sign, and salivary and parotid gland inflammation are clues to the purging behavior. Treatment for AN should include cognitive behavioral therapy with concomitant efforts to treat any psychiatric comorbidities, whereas BN and BED have been successfully treated with fluoxetine and lisdexamfetamine, respectively.
Topics: Humans; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Anorexia Nervosa; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37977748
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.06.024 -
European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Oct 2023Eating disorders are serious illnesses showing high rates of mortality and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted therapy has recently shown... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are serious illnesses showing high rates of mortality and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted therapy has recently shown potential in the treatment of several common comorbidities of eating disorders, including mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. The theorized therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelic-assisted therapy suggest that it could be beneficial in the treatment of eating disorders as well. In this review, we summarize preliminary data on the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy in people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, which include studies and case reports of psychedelic-assisted therapy with ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, and ayahuasca. We then discuss the potential therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelic-assisted therapy in these three eating disorders, including both general therapeutic mechanisms and those which are relatively specific to eating disorders. We find preliminary evidence that psychedelic-assisted therapy may be effective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, with very little data available on binge eating disorder. Regarding mechanisms, psychedelic-assisted therapy may be able to improve beliefs about body image, normalize reward processing, promote cognitive flexibility, and facilitate trauma processing. Just as importantly, it appears to promote general therapeutic factors relevant to both eating disorders and many of their common comorbidities. Lastly, we discuss potential safety concerns which may be associated with these treatments and present recommendations for future research.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Anorexia Nervosa
PubMed: 37352816
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.008 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Classical examples of disorders associated with body image disturbances are eating disorders (EDs) such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as...
Classical examples of disorders associated with body image disturbances are eating disorders (EDs) such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) [...].
Topics: Humans; Body Image; Mental Health; Nutritional Status; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Anorexia Nervosa
PubMed: 38674797
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081106