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NEJM Evidence Mar 2024Contemporary data collection strategies, storage capabilities, and modern statistical methodology have made retrospective analyses of observational databases...
Contemporary data collection strategies, storage capabilities, and modern statistical methodology have made retrospective analyses of observational databases commonplace. Such databases afford opportunities to learn about the effectiveness and risks of interventions or health behaviors that generally cannot be randomized. In this issue of , Cho et al. assemble survey data and cohort data from four countries to quantify the association between age-sex-specific smoking cessation and mortality. The authors conclude that smoking cessation at any age is associated with lower excess overall mortality risk and lower death from diseases made more common by smoking. It is difficult to argue with this conclusion - to question the magnitude of the associations is not.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Data Collection; Databases, Factual; Health Behavior; Learning; Retrospective Studies; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38411452
DOI: 10.1056/EVIDe2300324 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Sep 2023Clinical trials have been a central driver of change and have provided the evidence base necessary to advance new therapies for liver diseases. This review provides a... (Review)
Review
Clinical trials have been a central driver of change and have provided the evidence base necessary to advance new therapies for liver diseases. This review provides a perspective on the status of trials in hepatology and a vantage point into the emerging capabilities and external forces that will shape the conduct of clinical trials in the future. The adaptations to clinical trial operations in response to the disruptions by the COVID-19 pandemic and opportunities for innovation in hepatology trials are emphasized. Future trials in hepatology will be driven by unmet therapeutic needs and fueled by technological advances incorporating digital capabilities with expanded participant-derived data collection, computing, and analytics. Their design will embrace innovative trial designs adapted to these advances and that emphasize broader and more inclusive participant engagement. Their conduct will be further shaped by evolving regulatory needs and the emergence of new stakeholders in the clinical trials ecosystem. The evolution of clinical trials will offer unique opportunities to advance new therapeutics that will ultimately improve the lives of patients with liver diseases.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Ecosystem; Data Collection
PubMed: 37140242
DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000436 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Dec 2023What are the data and trends on ART and IUI cycle numbers and their outcomes, and on fertility preservation (FP) interventions, reported in 2019 as compared to previous...
STUDY QUESTION
What are the data and trends on ART and IUI cycle numbers and their outcomes, and on fertility preservation (FP) interventions, reported in 2019 as compared to previous years?
SUMMARY ANSWER
The 23rd ESHRE report highlights the rising ART treatment cycles and children born, alongside a decline in twin deliveries owing to decreasing multiple embryo transfers; fresh IVF or ICSI cycles exhibited higher delivery rates, whereas frozen embryo transfers (FET) showed higher pregnancy rates (PRs), and reported IUI cycles decreased while maintaining stable outcomes.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
ART aggregated data generated by national registries, clinics, or professional societies have been gathered and analyzed by the European IVF-Monitoring (EIM) Consortium since 1997 and reported in a total of 22 manuscripts published in Human Reproduction and Human Reproduction Open.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Data on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) from European countries are collected by EIM for ESHRE each year. The data on treatment cycles performed between 1 January and 31 December 2019 were provided by either national registries or registries based on initiatives of medical associations and scientific organizations or committed persons in one of the 44 countries that are members of the EIM Consortium.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Overall, 1487 clinics offering ART services in 40 countries reported, for the second time, a total of more than 1 million (1 077 813) treatment cycles, including 160 782 with IVF, 427 980 with ICSI, 335 744 with FET, 64 089 with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), 82 373 with egg donation (ED), 546 with IVM of oocytes, and 6299 cycles with frozen oocyte replacement (FOR). A total of 1169 institutions reported data on IUI cycles using either husband/partner's semen (IUI-H; n = 147 711) or donor semen (IUI-D; n = 51 651) in 33 and 24 countries, respectively. Eighteen countries reported 24 139 interventions in pre- and post-pubertal patients for FP, including oocyte, ovarian tissue, semen, and testicular tissue banking.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
In 21 countries (21 in 2018) in which all ART clinics reported to the registry 476 760 treatment cycles were registered for a total population of approximately 300 million inhabitants, allowing the best estimate of a mean of 1581 cycles performed per million inhabitants (range: 437-3621). Among the reporting countries, for IVF the clinical PRs per aspiration slightly decreased while they remained similar per transfer compared to 2018 (21.8% and 34.6% versus 25.5% and 34.1%, respectively). In ICSI, the corresponding PRs showed similar trends compared to 2018 (20.2% and 33.5%, versus 22.5% and 32.1%) When freeze-all cycles were not considered for the calculations, the clinical PRs per aspiration were 28.5% (28.8% in 2018) and 26.2% (27.3% in 2018) for IVF and ICSI, respectively. After FET with embryos originating from own eggs, the PR per thawing was at 35.1% (versus 33.4% in 2018), and with embryos originating from donated eggs at 43.0% (41.8% in 2018). After ED, the PR per fresh embryo transfer was 50.5% (49.6% in 2018) and per FOR 44.8% (44.9% in 2018). In IVF and ICSI together, the trend toward the transfer of fewer embryos continues with the transfer of 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 embryos in 55.4%, 39.9%, 2.6%, and 0.2% of all treatments, respectively (corresponding to 50.7%, 45.1%, 3.9%, and 0.3% in 2018). This resulted in a reduced proportion of twin delivery rates (DRs) of 11.9% (12.4% in 2018) and a similar triplet DR of 0.3%. Treatments with FET in 2019 resulted in twin and triplet DR of 8.9% and 0.1%, respectively (versus 9.4% and 0.1% in 2018). After IUI, the DRs remained similar at 8.7% after IUI-H (8.8% in 2018) and at 12.1% after IUI-D (12.6% in 2018). Twin and triplet DRs after IUI-H were 8.7% and 0.4% (in 2018: 8.4% and 0.3%) and 6.2% and 0.2% after IUI-D (in 2018: 6.4% and 0.2%), respectively. Eighteen countries (16 in 2018) provided data on FP in a total number of 24 139 interventions (20 994 in 2018). Cryopreservation of ejaculated sperm (n = 11 592 versus n = 10 503 in 2018) and cryopreservation of oocytes (n = 10 784 versus n = 9123 in 2018) were most frequently reported.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Caution with the interpretation of results should remain as data collection systems and completeness of reporting vary among European countries. Some countries were unable to deliver data about the number of initiated cycles and/or deliveries.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The 23rd ESHRE data collection on ART, IUI, and FP interventions shows a continuous increase of reported treatment numbers and MAR-derived livebirths in Europe. Although it is the largest data collection on MAR in Europe, further efforts toward optimization of both the collection and the reporting, from the perspective of improving surveillance and vigilance in the field of reproductive medicine, are awaited.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study has received no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Child; Humans; Male; Fertilization in Vitro; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Pregnancy Outcome; Semen; Pregnancy Rate; Registries; Pregnancy, Twin; Europe; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37847771
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead197 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2023Documenting systematic searches promotes transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in research. In recent years, various reporting guidelines have gained widespread... (Review)
Review
Documenting systematic searches promotes transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in research. In recent years, various reporting guidelines have gained widespread recognition and adoption, and some journals and funders require researchers to provide a detailed account of their search strategies. Documentation of systematic searches vary depending on the search strategies and types of reviews. This review provides an overview of principles of reporting search strategies for key review types and search strategies, and furthermore an overview of existing reporting guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Documentation; Reproducibility of Results; Research Personnel; Data Collection; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37873983
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Qualitative studies are adept at exploring individuals' routines, practices, thoughts, and values, as well as interaction and collaboration. As a doctor, you encounter... (Review)
Review
Qualitative studies are adept at exploring individuals' routines, practices, thoughts, and values, as well as interaction and collaboration. As a doctor, you encounter qualitative research questions daily: Why do patients hesitate to follow recommendations? How do doctors broach sensitive topics with patients? How do fellow physicians experience cross-sector collaboration? This review provides a quick guide to qualitative studies, covering research question formulation, data collection, analysis, and transparency criteria. We critically assess a qualitative study on chronic disease management.
Topics: Humans; Physicians; Qualitative Research; Data Collection
PubMed: 38235777
DOI: 10.61409/V08230491 -
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Quality Improvement; Data Collection; Quality Indicators, Health Care
PubMed: 37833115
DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.10.001 -
Ethics & Human Research 2023Impactful translational research requires new approaches to computational analysis and bioethics, both of which have been advanced by adoption of community-engagement...
Impactful translational research requires new approaches to computational analysis and bioethics, both of which have been advanced by adoption of community-engagement strategies. Community knowledge and experience will hone data collection, research, and insights and accelerate the impact of derived translational applications to improve individual health, medical decision-making, and public health policy. In the context of translational research with big health data, meaningful community-researcher engagement will require developing and deploying coengagement tools across the research life cycle and developing approaches for novel coproduction.
Topics: Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical; Data Collection
PubMed: 37777978
DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500181 -
NASN School Nurse (Print) Nov 2023This is the first in a series of three articles looking at school health data collection from identification of data points to utilizing data to share your story and...
This is the first in a series of three articles looking at school health data collection from identification of data points to utilizing data to share your story and submitting your data to contribute to the National School Health Data Set: Every Student Counts! Many school nurses cringe at the mention of data collection. However, everything we do as school nurses is data driven. Every documented assessment, observation, and conversation provides the school nurse with data. The barriers often noted to participating in formal data collection efforts are time, workload, access to an electronic health record, and not understanding the and . The key to data collection is identifying the data already being collected and starting where you are. Data collection is not something new that you need to find a way to fit into your already busy schedule. do you currently collect? are you collecting the data you have? do you collect it? do you do with the data? These are all very important questions, but let's take a closer look at the and behind data collection.
Topics: Humans; School Nursing; Data Collection; Electronic Health Records; Students; Communication
PubMed: 37735899
DOI: 10.1177/1942602X231199932 -
Improvements in Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection Through Policy and Education.American Journal of Public Health Aug 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Sexual Behavior; Data Collection; Educational Status; Policy; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 37319393
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307344 -
International Journal of Biometeorology Oct 2023The number and diversity of phenological studies has increased rapidly in recent years. Innovative experiments, field studies, citizen science projects, and analyses of... (Review)
Review
The number and diversity of phenological studies has increased rapidly in recent years. Innovative experiments, field studies, citizen science projects, and analyses of newly available historical data are contributing insights that advance our understanding of ecological and evolutionary responses to the environment, particularly climate change. However, many phenological data sets have peculiarities that are not immediately obvious and can lead to mistakes in analyses and interpretation of results. This paper aims to help researchers, especially those new to the field of phenology, understand challenges and practices that are crucial for effective studies. For example, researchers may fail to account for sampling biases in phenological data, struggle to choose or design a volunteer data collection strategy that adequately fits their project's needs, or combine data sets in inappropriate ways. We describe ten best practices for designing studies of plant and animal phenology, evaluating data quality, and analyzing data. Practices include accounting for common biases in data, using effective citizen or community science methods, and employing appropriate data when investigating phenological mismatches. We present these best practices to help researchers entering the field take full advantage of the wealth of available data and approaches to advance our understanding of phenology and its implications for ecology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Seasons; Climate Change; Trees; Data Collection; Volunteers
PubMed: 37507579
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02502-7