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Plant Science : An International... Sep 2023In a complex natural environment, plants have evolved intricate and subtle defense response regulatory mechanisms for survival. Plant specific defenses, including the... (Review)
Review
In a complex natural environment, plants have evolved intricate and subtle defense response regulatory mechanisms for survival. Plant specific defenses, including the disease resistance protein nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) protein and metabolite derived alkaloids, are key components of these complex mechanisms. The NBS-LRR protein can specifically recognize the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms to trigger the immune response mechanism. Alkaloids, synthesized from amino acids or their derivatives, can also inhibit pathogens. This study reviews NBS-LRR protein activation, recognition, and downstream signal transduction in plant protection, as well as the synthetic signaling pathways and regulatory defense mechanisms associated with alkaloids. In addition, we clarify the basic regulation mechanism and summarize their current applications and the development of future applications in biotechnology for these plant defense molecules. Studies on the NBS-LRR protein and alkaloid plant disease resistance molecules may provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of disease resistant crops and the development of botanical pesticides.
Topics: Nucleotides; Disease Resistance; Plants; Binding Sites; Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37268110
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111752 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Nov 2023Our consultations are saturated by an influx of requests from young people - and very often from their parents - for whom the binarity of the boy/girl classification...
Our consultations are saturated by an influx of requests from young people - and very often from their parents - for whom the binarity of the boy/girl classification has been shattered, and whose only watchword is: "I choose my gender, my sexuality, my body, my way of being, of moving and representing myself, I want to become what I am". For them, anatomy is no longer a fatality: hormones, mutilating and restorative surgeries, increasingly sophisticated aesthetic techniques make it possible to adapt their body and their gender to their intimate aspirations. Psychological support must help these patients to explore their gender identity, and allow them to live it as well as possible in their social and family environment.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Health Services for Transgender Persons
PubMed: 37537014
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2023.06.007 -
Chemosphere Sep 2023Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids (Ms) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) represent serious environmental threats due to their wide... (Review)
Review
Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids (Ms) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) represent serious environmental threats due to their wide abundance and high toxicity. Contamination of water and soils by HMs and Ms from natural or anthropogenic sources is of great concern in agricultural production due to their toxic effects on plants, adversely affecting food safety and plant growth. The uptake of HMs and Ms by Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants depends on several factors including soil properties such as pH, phosphate, and organic matter. High concentrations of HMs and Ms could be toxic to plants due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as (O), (OH), (HO), and (O), and oxidative stress due to an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant enzyme activity. To minimize the effects of ROS, plants have developed a complex defense mechanism based on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX, and phytohormones, especially salicylic acid (SA) that can reduce the toxicity of HMs and Ms. This review focuses on evaluating the accumulation and translocation of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants and on their possible effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in soil contaminated with these elements. The factors that affect the uptake of HMs and Ms by bean plants, and the defense mechanisms under oxidative stress caused by the presence of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are also discussed. Furthermore, future research on mitigating HMs and Ms toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants is highlighted.
Topics: Phaseolus; Cadmium; Metalloids; Reactive Oxygen Species; Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lead; Soil Pollutants; Metals, Heavy; Arsenic; Mercury; Plants; Soil
PubMed: 37236281
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139010 -
Biological Psychiatry Oct 2023Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with significant differences in the incidence and symptomology between cisgender men and women. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with significant differences in the incidence and symptomology between cisgender men and women. In recent years, considerably more attention has been on the inclusion of sex and gender in schizophrenia research. However, the majority of this research has failed to consider gender outside of the socially constructed binary of men and women. As a result, little is known about schizophrenia in transgender and gender-nonconforming populations. In this review, we present evidence showing that transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals have elevated risk of developing schizophrenia, and we discuss minority stress theory and other potential factors that may contribute to this risk. The need for inclusion of transgender and gender-nonconforming communities in schizophrenia research is emphasized, alongside a discussion on considerations and challenges associated with this type of research. Finally, we offer specific strategies to make research on schizophrenia, and research on other neuropsychiatric disorders, more inclusive of those populations that do not fall within the socially constructed gender binary. If we are to succeed in the development of more personalized therapeutic approaches for all, a better understanding of the variability of the human brain is needed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Schizophrenia; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 37003472
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.018 -
Psychological Reports Oct 2023This study aimed to examine the false memories in individuals with stabilized schizophrenia. Using the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) task, schizophrenia patients... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to examine the false memories in individuals with stabilized schizophrenia. Using the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) task, schizophrenia patients and matched healthy controls had to recall words from each DRM list. Following the presentation of the DRM lists, the participants performed a recognition task. Neuropsychological tests were also administered. Results demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia recalled and recognized significantly fewer studied words than the healthy participants. This failure in retrieval is likely to result from a lack of encoding strategies. Results also showed that a stabilized schizophrenic pathology neither increased nor reduced false memories. Patients and controls showed high levels of false memories. Signal detection analyses revealed that patients discarded the critical word as not having been studied, relying on a lax decision criterion (based on familiarity, best guess or chance). Although false memories fell within the normal range for both groups, in individuals with schizophrenia they probably result from deficient encoding processes. Nevertheless, correlational analyses did not show which cognitive deficits contribute to false memories in schizophrenia.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Memory; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology; Repression, Psychology
PubMed: 35379032
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221083213 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... Nov 2023Transgender and gender-nonconforming people remain excluded from women's health spaces, and nurses with expertise in women's health best serve their needs when they seek... (Review)
Review
Transgender and gender-nonconforming people remain excluded from women's health spaces, and nurses with expertise in women's health best serve their needs when they seek sexual, reproductive, gynecologic, or obstetric care. However, commentary regarding the term "women" and exclusionary policies and behaviors in health care marginalize gender-nonconforming patients and contribute to health disparities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, we review terminology related to gender-nonconforming populations and their known health care needs; provide a brief historical overview of gender and health care; and describe the influence of White supremacist, misogynist, and heteronormative influences in women's health care. Second, we generate a call to action and specifically discuss the responsibilities of nurses and nursing organizations to ensure the provision of gender-equitable and respectful care and generate clinical recommendations for the specialty.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Women's Health; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Sexual Behavior; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37699533
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2023.08.007 -
Journal of Nursing Scholarship : An... Jan 2024The visibility and discussion on the rights and needs of Trans and Non-Binary communities in relation to healthcare have seen growing prominence in recent years. Despite...
The visibility and discussion on the rights and needs of Trans and Non-Binary communities in relation to healthcare have seen growing prominence in recent years. Despite an overall improvement in access to legal protections, civil rights, and in many jurisdictions specialist provision of healthcare for gender minorities, there remain poorer health outcomes in many areas and ongoing experiences of discrimination and transphobia. In this article, we set out the prerogative for nurses to step up as authentic allies for Trans and Non Binary people and put forward strategies to enhance the experience of gender minorities in healthcare through practice, education, and systems change.
Topics: Humans; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Delivery of Health Care; Gender Identity
PubMed: 37243377
DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12918 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2023While changes in federal and state laws mandating coverage of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) may have led to an increase in the number of annual cases, comprehensive...
IMPORTANCE
While changes in federal and state laws mandating coverage of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) may have led to an increase in the number of annual cases, comprehensive data describing trends in both inpatient and outpatient procedures are limited.
OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in inpatient and outpatient GAS procedures in the US and to explore the temporal trends in the types of GAS performed across age groups.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study includes data from 2016 to 2020 in the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample and the National Inpatient Sample. Patients with diagnosis codes for gender identity disorder, transsexualism, or a personal history of sex reassignment were identified, and the performance of GAS, including breast and chest procedures, genital reconstructive procedures, and other facial and cosmetic surgical procedures, were identified.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Weighted estimates of the annual number of inpatient and outpatient procedures performed and the distribution of each class of procedure overall and by age were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 48 019 patients who underwent GAS were identified, including 25 099 (52.3%) who were aged 19 to 30 years. The most common procedures were breast and chest procedures, which occurred in 27 187 patients (56.6%), followed by genital reconstruction (16 872 [35.1%]) and other facial and cosmetic procedures (6669 [13.9%]). The absolute number of GAS procedures rose from 4552 in 2016 to a peak of 13 011 in 2019 and then declined slightly to 12 818 in 2020. Overall, 25 099 patients (52.3%) were aged 19 to 30 years, 10 476 (21.8%) were aged 31 to 40, and 3678 (7.7%) were aged12 to 18 years. When stratified by the type of procedure performed, breast and chest procedures made up a greater percentage of the surgical interventions in younger patients, while genital surgical procedures were greater in older patients.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Performance of GAS has increased substantially in the US. Breast and chest surgery was the most common group of procedures performed. The number of genital surgical procedures performed increased with increasing age.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Cohort Studies; Gender Dysphoria; Inpatients; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37610753
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30348 -
Psychological Science Oct 2023There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related...
There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related within individuals. Some theories predict that increased earnings lead to higher self-esteem, others that increased self-esteem leads to higher earnings, and still others that there should be no within-person associations between these variables. We tested these theories in 4-year longitudinal data from more than 4,000 adult participants from a Dutch representative sample. Results indicated significant between-person associations between income and self-esteem, consistent with prior research. Within-person effects suggested that increases in self-esteem are a function of previous increases in income more than the other way around. These links held when analyses controlled for employment status, and they generalized across gender, age, and educational background. Overall, the findings provide evidence for theories that consider self-esteem as both a source and a consequence of personal earnings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Self Concept; Income; Employment; Gender Identity; Interpersonal Relations
PubMed: 37732970
DOI: 10.1177/09567976231185129 -
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and... Nov 2023Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescents. The current study aimed to explore defense mechanisms and parental styles of adolescents with NSSI...
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescents. The current study aimed to explore defense mechanisms and parental styles of adolescents with NSSI behaviors. The Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU [One's Memories of Upbringing]) and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) were used to evaluate 31 participants with NSSI behaviors in the experimental group and 60 participants with non-NSSI behaviors in the control group. There were significant differences in Father Factors II, V, and VI, and Mother Factors III and IV on the EMBU between the experimental and control groups. On the DSQ, there were significant differences in immature defense mechanism, mature defense mechanism, and camouflage factors between the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, Father Factors I and IV and Mother Factors I and V were significantly correlated with mature defense mechanism. Father Factor VI and Mother Factors III and IV were significantly correlated with immature defense mechanism. Father Factors II and V were significantly correlated with camouflage factors. Defense mechanisms and parental styles of participants in the experimental group were different than those of the control group, and immature parental styles affect the formation of defense mechanisms. [(11), 17-22.].
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Parenting; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Self-Injurious Behavior; Defense Mechanisms
PubMed: 37751579
DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230919-01