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International Journal of Toxicology Dec 2023The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 2001, along with updated...
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 2001, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Methyl Alcohol is safe as used to denature alcohol in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Topics: Methanol; Consumer Product Safety; Cosmetics; Ethanol
PubMed: 37752772
DOI: 10.1177/10915818231204251 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of genomic DNA is an important epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in gene regulation, particularly in...
Methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of genomic DNA is an important epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in gene regulation, particularly in gene silencing. Epigenetic abnormalities, along with genetic alterations, are implicated in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Numerous studies have investigated the role of epigenetics in cancer using various tools to assess DNA methylation. However, conventional analysis methods for DNA methylation require a large amount of DNA but lack higher sensitivity, making them unsuitable for analysis of samples with high heterogeneity, such as tumor tissues. In this study, we introduce a novel electrophoresis method named "methylation-specific electrophoresis (MSE)," which utilizes a denaturing gradient acrylamide gel. We demonstrate the applicability of the MSE method for DNA methylation analysis of the mucin gene as an example.
Topics: Humans; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Neoplasms; DNA
PubMed: 38347417
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_22 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2024Many diseases are caused by misfolded and denatured proteins, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In recent decades researchers have developed a variety of compounds,... (Review)
Review
Many diseases are caused by misfolded and denatured proteins, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In recent decades researchers have developed a variety of compounds, including polymeric inhibitors and natural compounds, antibodies, and chaperones, to inhibit protein aggregation, decrease the toxic effects of amyloid fibrils, and facilitate refolding proteins. The causes and mechanisms of amyloid formation are still unclear, and there are no effective treatments for Amyloid diseases. This section describes research and achievements in the field of inhibiting amyloid accumulation and also discusses the importance of various strategies in facilitating the removal of aggregates species (refolding) in the treatment of neurological diseases such as chemical methods like as, small molecules, metal chelators, polymeric inhibitors, and nanomaterials, as well as the use of biomolecules (peptide and, protein, nucleic acid, and saccharide) as amyloid inhibitors, are also highlighted.
Topics: Humans; Amyloid; Animals; Protein Aggregates
PubMed: 38811084
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.012 -
Microbes and Environments 2024All cells must maintain the structural and functional integrity of the genome under a wide range of environments. High temperatures pose a formidable challenge to cells... (Review)
Review
All cells must maintain the structural and functional integrity of the genome under a wide range of environments. High temperatures pose a formidable challenge to cells by denaturing the DNA double helix, causing chemical damage to DNA, and increasing the random thermal motion of chromosomes. Thermophiles, predominantly classified as bacteria or archaea, exhibit an exceptional capacity to mitigate these detrimental effects and prosper under extreme thermal conditions, with some species tolerating temperatures higher than 100°C. Their genomes are mainly characterized by the presence of reverse gyrase, a unique topoisomerase that introduces positive supercoils into DNA. This enzyme has been suggested to maintain the genome integrity of thermophiles by limiting DNA melting and mediating DNA repair. Previous studies provided significant insights into the mechanisms by which NAPs, histones, SMC superfamily proteins, and polyamines affect the 3D genomes of thermophiles across different scales. Here, I discuss current knowledge of the genome organization in thermophiles and pertinent research questions for future investigations.
Topics: Archaea; Bacteria; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Archaeal; Hot Temperature; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; DNA Repair
PubMed: 38839371
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME23087