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Immunological Investigations Nov 2023Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune... (Review)
Review
Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune cells, along with other factors, lead to fatal Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. This necessitates the development of a robust and efficient vaccine but vaccine development faces a number of hurdles. In this review, we look at the epidemiology, genome structure and cellular targets of DENV and elaborate upon the immune responses generated by human immune system against DENV infection. The review further sheds light on various challenges in development of a potent vaccine against DENV which is followed by presenting a current account of different vaccines which are being developed or have been licensed.
Topics: Humans; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Dengue Vaccines; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement; Vaccination; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37962036
DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280698 -
PloS One 2023Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from asymptomatic to...
INTRODUCTION
Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from asymptomatic to severe dengue manifestations. This serological survey highlighted the high incidence of asymptomatic cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue in healthy and ill adults in Bali.
METHODS
Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed between July 2020 and June 2021 among healthy and ill adults in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected urban sites in Denpasar. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the dengue virus were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.
RESULTS
Overall, the dengue seroprevalence rate among the 539 clinically healthy and ill adults was high (85.5%). The median age was 34.1 (18-86.1). Most of the participants in the study were younger than 40 years (61.2%). Men were the dominant sex (54.5%). The study found a significant association between dengue seropositivity among people aged > 40 years and healthy status (p = 0.005; odds ratio [OR] = 0.459 and p < 0.001; OR = 0.336, respectively). The study reported that as many as 60% of the subjects had a history of previously suspected dengue infection. This study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue patients requiring better assessment with a serological test.
CONCLUSION
The current study highlighted that real cases of dengue infection may be higher than reported, with a high prevalence of dengue seropositivity and a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides physicians to be aware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevent the spread of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Indonesia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Antibodies, Viral; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PubMed: 37450543
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271939 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Dengue is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. As an arbovirus disease, it is mainly transmitted by and . According to the previous studies, temperature is... (Review)
Review
Dengue is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. As an arbovirus disease, it is mainly transmitted by and . According to the previous studies, temperature is closely related to the survival of mosquitoes, the proliferation of dengue virus (DENV) and the vector competence of to transmit DENV. This review describes the correlations between temperature and dengue epidemics, and explores the potential reasons including the distribution and development of mosquitoes, the structure of DENV, and the vector competence of mosquitoes. In addition, the immune and metabolic mechanism are discussed on how temperature affects the vector competence of mosquitoes to transmit DENV.
Topics: Animals; Aedes; Dengue Virus; Temperature; Mosquito Vectors; Dengue
PubMed: 37808907
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1242173 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2024Dengue fever (DF) is an endemic infectious tropical disease and is rapidly becoming a global problem. Dengue fever is caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV)... (Review)
Review
Dengue fever (DF) is an endemic infectious tropical disease and is rapidly becoming a global problem. Dengue fever is caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and is spread by the female Aedes mosquito. Clinical manifestations of DF may range from asymptomatic to life-threatening severe illness with conditions of hemorrhagic fever and shock. Early and precise diagnosis is vital to avoid mortality from DF. A different approach is required to combat DF because of the challenges with the vaccines currently available, which are nonspecific; each is capable of causing cross-reaction and disease-enhancing antibody responses against the residual serotypes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be implicated in DENV infection and are postulated to be involved in most of the host responses. Thus, they might be a suitable target for new strategies against the disease. The involvement of miRNAs in cellular activities and pathways during viral infections has been explored under numerous conditions. Interestingly, miRNAs have also been shown to be involved in viral replication. In this review, we summarize the role of known miRNAs, specifically the role of miRNA Let-7c (miR-Let-7c), miR-133a, miR-30e, and miR-146a, in the regulation of DENV replication and their possible effects on the initial immune reaction.
Topics: MicroRNAs; Dengue Virus; Humans; Dengue; Animals; Virus Replication; Aedes
PubMed: 38579704
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0546 -
MBio Oct 2023One of the fundamental features that make viruses intracellular parasites is the necessity to use cellular translational machinery. Hence, this is a crucial checkpoint...
One of the fundamental features that make viruses intracellular parasites is the necessity to use cellular translational machinery. Hence, this is a crucial checkpoint for controlling infections. Here, we show that dengue and Zika viruses, responsible for nearly 400 million infections every year worldwide, explore such control for optimal replication. Using immunocompetent cells, we demonstrate that arrest of protein translations happens after sensing of dsRNA and that the information required to avoid this blocking is contained in viral 5'-UTR. Our work, therefore, suggests that the non-canonical translation described for these viruses is engaged when the intracellular stress response is activated.
Topics: Animals; Humans; A549 Cells; Chlorocebus aethiops; Dengue; Dengue Virus; eIF-2 Kinase; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; Gene Deletion; Protein Biosynthesis; Stress, Physiological; Vero Cells; Virus Replication; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection; RNA, Double-Stranded
PubMed: 37732809
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00934-23 -
Revista Clinica Espanola Oct 2023Dengue is globally the most important arboviral infection. It is caused by the dengue virus and it is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes' bites (Ae aegypti or Ae...
Dengue is globally the most important arboviral infection. It is caused by the dengue virus and it is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes' bites (Ae aegypti or Ae albopictus). In Spain it was initially eradicated in the 20th century, together with the Ae aegypti vector, and currently most of the cases reported in Spain are imported by travelers from countries with dengue transmission (imported dengue). However, in recent years, cases of dengue have been described in people residing in Spain who had not traveled to areas with known transmission (autochthonous dengue), transmitted by Aedes albopictus (the so-called tiger mosquito), present especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, a good knowledge of this potentially severe disease is required, so that it can be diagnosed early, and managed correctly, thus reducing its mortality, as well as its eventual autochthonous transmission.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dengue; Spain; Dengue Virus; Arbovirus Infections; Mosquito Vectors; Aedes
PubMed: 37507047
DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2023.07.007 -
Nature Medicine Mar 2024Dengue is a global epidemic causing over 100 million cases annually. The clinical symptoms range from mild fever to severe hemorrhage and shock, including some...
Dengue is a global epidemic causing over 100 million cases annually. The clinical symptoms range from mild fever to severe hemorrhage and shock, including some fatalities. The current paradigm is that these severe dengue cases occur mostly during secondary infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement after infection with a different dengue virus serotype. India has the highest dengue burden worldwide, but little is known about disease severity and its association with primary and secondary dengue infections. To address this issue, we examined 619 children with febrile dengue-confirmed infection from three hospitals in different regions of India. We classified primary and secondary infections based on IgM:IgG ratios using a dengue-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the World Health Organization guidelines. We found that primary dengue infections accounted for more than half of total clinical cases (344 of 619), severe dengue cases (112 of 202) and fatalities (5 of 7). Consistent with the classification based on binding antibody data, dengue neutralizing antibody titers were also significantly lower in primary infections compared to secondary infections (P ≤ 0.0001). Our findings question the currently widely held belief that severe dengue is associated predominantly with secondary infections and emphasizes the importance of developing vaccines or treatments to protect dengue-naive populations.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Severe Dengue; Antibodies, Viral; Coinfection; Fever
PubMed: 38321219
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02798-x -
Viruses Oct 2023Flaviviruses are a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome, transmitted by arthropod vectors. These viruses are known for their broad cellular... (Review)
Review
Flaviviruses are a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome, transmitted by arthropod vectors. These viruses are known for their broad cellular tropism leading to infection of multiple body systems, which can include the central nervous system. Neurologic effects of flavivirus infection can arise during both acute and post-acute infectious periods; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies that have examined molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to neurologic sequelae following infection with the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Neuronal death, either from direct infection or due to the resultant inflammatory response, is a common mechanism by which flavivirus infection can lead to neurologic impairment. Other types of cellular damage, such as oxidative stress and DNA damage, appear to be more specific to certain viruses. This article aims to highlight mechanisms of cellular damage that are common across several flavivirus members and mechanisms that are more unique to specific members. Our goal is to inspire further research to improve understanding of this area in the hope of identifying treatment options for flavivirus-associated neurologic changes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Culicidae; Mosquito Vectors; Flavivirus Infections; Flavivirus; West Nile virus; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 38005878
DOI: 10.3390/v15112200 -
Genome Biology Dec 2023Identifying host factors is key to understanding RNA virus pathogenicity. Besides proteins, RNAs can interact with virus genomes to impact replication.
BACKGROUND
Identifying host factors is key to understanding RNA virus pathogenicity. Besides proteins, RNAs can interact with virus genomes to impact replication.
RESULTS
Here, we use proximity ligation sequencing to identify virus-host RNA interactions for four strains of Zika virus (ZIKV) and one strain of dengue virus (DENV-1) in human cells. We find hundreds of coding and non-coding RNAs that bind to DENV and ZIKV viruses. Host RNAs tend to bind to single-stranded regions along the virus genomes according to hybridization energetics. Compared to SARS-CoV-2 interactors, ZIKV-interacting host RNAs tend to be downregulated upon virus infection. Knockdown of several short non-coding RNAs, including miR19a-3p, and 7SK RNA results in a decrease in viral replication, suggesting that they act as virus-permissive factors. In addition, the 3'UTR of DYNLT1 mRNA acts as a virus-restrictive factor by binding to the conserved dumbbell region on DENV and ZIKV 3'UTR to decrease virus replication. We also identify a conserved set of host RNAs that interacts with DENV, ZIKV, and SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these RNAs are broadly important for RNA virus infection.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that host RNAs can impact virus replication in permissive and restrictive ways, expanding our understanding of host factors and RNA-based gene regulation during viral pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection; RNA, Viral; 3' Untranslated Regions; Dengue Virus; Virus Replication; Dengue; Antiviral Agents; Dyneins
PubMed: 38053173
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03110-9 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Mosquito-borne infections are of global health concern because of their rapid spread and upsurge, which creates a risk for coinfections. DENV and ZIKV are transmitted by...
INTRODUCTION
Mosquito-borne infections are of global health concern because of their rapid spread and upsurge, which creates a risk for coinfections. DENV and ZIKV are transmitted by and and are prevalent in Nigeria and neighbouring countries. However, their seroprevalence, burden, hidden endemicity and possible cocirculation are poorly understood in Nigeria.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 871 participants from three regions of Nigeria. All serum samples were analysed using malaria RDT and the immunoblot molecular diagnostic assay recomLine Tropical Fever for the presence of arboviral antibody serological marker IgG (Mikrogen Diagnostik, Neuried, Germany) with DENV and ZIKV Nonstructural protein 1 (NS 1), DENV and ZIKV Equad (variant of the envelope protein with designated mutations to increase specificity), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
RESULTS
The overall IgG antibody seropositivity against DENV-flavivirus was 44.7% (389/871); 95% CI (41.41-47.99), while ZIKV-flavivirus was 19.2% (167/871); 95% CI (0.16-0.21), and DENV-ZIKV-flavivirus cocirculation antibody seropositivity was 6.2%5 (54/871); 95% CI (0.6-0.7) in the three study regions of Nigeria. The study cohort presented similar clinical signs and symptoms of flaviviruses (DENV and ZIKV) in all three study regions.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted an unexpectedly high antibody seropositivity, burden, hidden endemicity, and regional spread of mono- and co-circulating flaviviruses (DENV and ZIKV) in Nigeria.Key messagesDengue flavivirus sero-cross-reactivity drives antibody-dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection.Both viruses share common hosts (humans) and vectors (primarily Aedes aegypti), and are thus influenced by similar biological, ecological, and economic factors, resulting in epidemiological synergy.Additionally, the actual burden in epidemic and interepidemic periods is grossly or chronically unknown and underreported. Despite this trend and the potential public health threat, there are no reliable data, and little is known about these arboviral co-circulation infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Zika Virus Infection; Zika Virus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nigeria; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37074313
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2175903